A History And Philosophy Of Expertise

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A History and Philosophy of Expertise

Jamie Carlin Watson
A History and Philosophy of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Jamie Carlin Watson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781350216495

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A History and Philosophy of Expertise by Jamie Carlin Watson Pdf

In this comprehensive tour of the long history and philosophy of expertise, from ancient Greece to the 20th century, Jamie Carlin Watson tackles the question of expertise and why we can be skeptical of what experts say, making a valuable contribution to contemporary philosophical debates on authority, testimony, disagreement and trust. His review sketches out the ancient origins of the concept, discussing its early association with cunning, skill and authority and covering the sort of training that ancient thinkers believed was required for expertise. Watson looks at the evolution of the expert in the middle ages into a type of “genius” or “innate talent” , moving to the role of psychological research in 16th-century Germany, the influence of Darwin, the impact of behaviorism and its interest to computer scientists, and its transformation into the largely cognitive concept psychologists study today.

The Philosophy of Expertise

Evan Selinger,Robert P. Crease
The Philosophy of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Evan Selinger,Robert P. Crease
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0231136447

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The Philosophy of Expertise by Evan Selinger,Robert P. Crease Pdf

From the use of expert testimony in the courtroom to the advice we rely on to solve key economic, political, and social problems, expertise is an essential part of our decision-making process. However, the extent to which experts can be trusted is a subject of persistent and contentious debate. The Philosophy of Expertise is the first collection to explore the fundamental philosophical issues surrounding these authorities and their expert knowledge. Part 1 considers the problems surrounding the issue of trust and deference; part 2 launches a phenomenological clarification of expertise that pinpoints the universal structures embodied in cognition and affect; and part 3 examines the consequences of the social and technical externalization of expertise. Contributors including Edward Said, Alvin Goldman, Peter Singer, Hubert Dreyfus, Julia Annas, Harry Collins, and Don Ihde draw on a number of intellectual approaches to explore the justification of expert authority, the potentially dangerous role of expertise in a liberal democratic society, how laypeople can critique experts, and the social and ideological character of expert advice. The contributors also discuss the reasoning process of judges and juries, the ancient Greek view of moral conduct, and the incorporation of experts into governmental bureaucracy. By honestly tackling the legitimacy and consistency of various positions, this volume sheds much-needed light on the theoretical dimensions of a controversial and pervasive practice. Contributors: Alvin I. Goldman, Don Ihde, Edward Said, Evan Selinger and John Mix, Evan Selinger and Robert P. Crease, H. M. Collins and Robert Evans, Hélène Mialet, Hubert Dreyfus, John Hardwig, Julia Annas, Paul Feyerabend, Peter Singer, Scott Brewer, Steve Fuller, Steven Turner

The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise

Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese
The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise Book PDF

Author : Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 1059 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351720427

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The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise by Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese Pdf

Philosophical questions surrounding skill and expertise can be traced back as far as Ancient Greece, China, and India. In the twentieth century, skilled action was an important factor in the work of phenomenologists such as Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty and analytic philosophers including Gilbert Ryle. However, as a subject in its own right it has, until now, remained largely in the background. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise is an outstanding reference source and the first major collection of its kind, reflecting the explosion of interest in the topic in recent years. Comprising thirty-nine chapters written by leading international contributors, the Handbook is organized into six clear parts: • Skill in the history of philosophy (East and West) • Skill in epistemology • Skill, intelligence, and agency • Skill in perception, imagination, and emotion • Skill, language, and social cognition • Skill and expertise in normative philosophy. Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind and psychology, epistemology, and ethics, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise is also suitable for those in related disciplines such as social psychology and cognitive science. It is also relevant to those who are interested in conceptual issues underlying skill and expertise in fields such as sport, the performing arts, and medicine.

Philosophy of Meaning, Knowledge and Value in the Twentieth Century

John Canfield
Philosophy of Meaning Knowledge and Value in the Twentieth Century Book PDF

Author : John Canfield
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134935727

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Philosophy of Meaning, Knowledge and Value in the Twentieth Century by John Canfield Pdf

Volume 10 of the Routledge History of Philosophy presents a historical survey of the central topics in twentieth century Anglo-American philosophy. It chronicles what has been termed the 'linguistic turn' in analytic philosophy and traces the influence the study of language has had on the main problems of philosophy. Each chapter contains an extensive bibliography of the major writings in the field. All the essays present their large and complex topics in a clear and well organised way. At the end, the reader finds a helpful Chronology of the major political, scientific and philosophical events in the Twentieth Century and an extensive Glossary of technical terms.

The Genealogy of Knowledge

Stephen Gaukroger
The Genealogy of Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Stephen Gaukroger
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 427 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780429776380

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The Genealogy of Knowledge by Stephen Gaukroger Pdf

First published in 1997, this volume expands the analytical philosophical tradition in the face of parochial Anglo-American philosophical interests. The essays making up the section on ‘Antiquity’ share one concern: to show that there are largely unrecognised but radical differences between the way in which certain fundamental questions – concerning the nature of number, sense perception, and scepticism – were thought of in antiquity and the way in which they were thought of from the 17th century onwards. Part 2, on early modern thought, explores the theoretical characterisation of the role of experiment in early modern physical theory through Galileo’s embracing of experiments, along with Descartes’ automata and issues in a relatively neglected but especially intractable part of Descartes’ philosophy: how he conceives of what a successful inference consists in and what it is that makes it successful. The final section deals with the philosophical foundations of physical theory, the distinction between the human and the natural sciences, the philosophical-cum-scientific foundations of Marx’s idea of socialism, and Nietzche’s criticisms of the very notion of science, concluding that Nietzsche’s probing questions cannot be dismissed, as he has opened up some genuinely challenging issues which we ignore at our peril.

The Problem of Knowledge

Ernst Cassirer
The Problem of Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Ernst Cassirer
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1950-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0300010982

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The Problem of Knowledge by Ernst Cassirer Pdf

"Cassirer employs his remarkable gift of lucidity to explain the major ideas and intellectual issues that emerged in the course of nineteenth century scientific and historical thinking. The translators have done an excellent job in reproducing his clarity in English. There is no better place for an intelligent reader to find out, with a minimum of technical language, what was really happening during the great intellectual movement between the age of Newton and our own."-- New York Times. -- Publisher description.

Ethics Expertise

Lisa Rasmussen
Ethics Expertise Book PDF

Author : Lisa Rasmussen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2006-01-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781402038204

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Ethics Expertise by Lisa Rasmussen Pdf

Section I examines historical philosophical understandings of expertise in order to situate the current institution of bioethics. Section II focuses on philosophical analyses of the concept of expertise, asking, among other things, how it should be understood, how it can be acquired, and what such expertise warrants. Finally, section III addresses topics in bioethics and how ethics expertise should or should not be brought to bear in these areas, including expertise in the court room, in the hospital room, in the media, and in making policy. 2. A GUIDED HISTORICAL TOUR As Scott LaBarge points out, Plato’s dialogues can be viewed as an extended treatment of the concept of moral expertise, so it is fitting to begin the volume with an examination of “Socrates and Moral Expertise”. Given Socrates’ protestations (the Oracle at Delphi notwithstanding) that he knows nothing, LaBarge observes that it would be interesting to determine both what a Socratic theory of moral expertise might be and whether Socrates qualified as such an expert. Plato’s model of moral expertise is what LaBarge calls “demonstrable expertise”, which is concerned mainly with the ability to attain a goal and to explain how one did it. The problem with this account is that when one tries to solve the various problems in the model – for example, allowing that moral expertise is not an all-or-nothing skill – then one is immediately faced with the “credentials problem”. As LaBarge puts it, “. . .

The Philosophy of Knowledge: a History

Stephen Cade Hetherington,Markos Valaris
The Philosophy of Knowledge a History Book PDF

Author : Stephen Cade Hetherington,Markos Valaris
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Knowledge, Theory of
ISBN : 1474258816

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The Philosophy of Knowledge: a History by Stephen Cade Hetherington,Markos Valaris Pdf

"The Philosophy of Knowledge: A History presents the history of one of Western philosophy's greatest challenges: understanding the nature of knowledge. Divided chronologically into four volumes, it follows conceptions of knowledge that have been proposed, defended, replaced, and proposed anew by ancient, medieval, modern and contemporary philosophers. This volume covers contemporary discussions about scientific, social and self-knowledge and attempts to understand knowledge naturalistically, contextually and normatively"--

Thing Knowledge

Davis Baird
Thing Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Davis Baird
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2004-02-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780520928206

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Thing Knowledge by Davis Baird Pdf

Western philosophers have traditionally concentrated on theory as the means for expressing knowledge about a variety of phenomena. This absorbing book challenges this fundamental notion by showing how objects themselves, specifically scientific instruments, can express knowledge. As he considers numerous intriguing examples, Davis Baird gives us the tools to "read" the material products of science and technology and to understand their place in culture. Making a provocative and original challenge to our conception of knowledge itself, Thing Knowledge demands that we take a new look at theories of science and technology, knowledge, progress, and change. Baird considers a wide range of instruments, including Faraday's first electric motor, eighteenth-century mechanical models of the solar system, the cyclotron, various instruments developed by analytical chemists between 1930 and 1960, spectrometers, and more.

Psychological Knowledge

Martin Kusch
Psychological Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Martin Kusch
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 639 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2005-10-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134738670

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Psychological Knowledge by Martin Kusch Pdf

Psychologists and philosophers have assumed that psychological knowledge is knowledge about, and held by, the individual mind. Psychological Knowledge challenges these views. It argues that bodies of psychological knowledge are social institutions like money or the monarchy, and that mental states are social artefacts like coins or crowns. Martin Kusch takes on arguments of alternative proposals, shows what is wrong with them, and demonstrates how his own social-philosophical approach constitutes an advance. We see that exists a substantial natural amount of philosophical theorising, a body of work that tries to determine the nature and structure of folk psychology. An introduction to the workings of constuctivism, Psychological Knowledge is an insightful introduction to the history of psychology and the recent philosophy of mind.

Reason and the Search for Knowledge

D. Shapere
Reason and the Search for Knowledge Book PDF

Author : D. Shapere
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401097314

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Reason and the Search for Knowledge by D. Shapere Pdf

An impressive characteristic of Dudley Shapere's studies in the philosophy of the sciences has been his dogged reasonableness. He sorts things out, with logical care and mastery of the materials, and with an epistemological curiosity for the historical happenings which is both critical and respectful. Science changes, and the philosopher had better not link philosophical standards too tightly to either the latest orthodox or the provocative up start in scientific fashions; and yet, as critic, the philosopher must not only master the sciences but also explicate their meanings, not those of a cognitive never-never land. Neither dreamer nor pedant, Professor Shapere has been able to practice the modern empiricist's exercises with the sober and stimulat ing results shown in this volume: he sees that he can be faithful to philosoph ical analysis, engage in the boldest 'rational reconstruction' of theories and experimental measurements, and faithful too, empirically faithful we may say, to both the direct super-highways and the winding pathways of conceptual evolutions and metaphysical revolutions. Not least, Shapere listens! To Einstein and Calileo of course, but to the workings of the engineers and the scientific apprentices too, and to the various philosophers, now and of old, who have also worked to make sense of what has been learned and how that has happened and where we might go wrong.

Information and the History of Philosophy

Chris Meyns
Information and the History of Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Chris Meyns
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-06-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781351130745

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Information and the History of Philosophy by Chris Meyns Pdf

In recent years the philosophy of information has emerged as an important area of research in philosophy. However, until now information’s philosophical history has been largely overlooked. Information and the History of Philosophy is the first comprehensive investigation of the history of philosophical questions around information, including work from before the Common Era to the twenty-first century. It covers scientific and technology-centred notions of information, views of human information processing, as well as socio-political topics such as the control and use of information in societies. Organised into five parts, 19 chapters by an international team of contributors cover the following topics and more: Information before 500 CE, including ancient Chinese, Greek and Roman approaches to information; Early theories of information processing, sources of information and cognition; Information and computation in Leibniz, visualised scientific information, copyright and social reform; The nineteenth century, including biological information, knowledge economies and information’s role in empire and eugenics; Recent and contemporary philosophy of information, including racialised information, Shannon information and the very idea of an information revolution. Information and the History of Philosophy is a landmark publication in this emerging field. As such, it is essential reading for students and researchers in the history of philosophy, philosophy of science and technology, and library and information studies. It is also a valuable resource for those working in subjects such as the history of science, media and communication studies and intellectual history.

Knowledge

Steve Fuller
Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Steve Fuller
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2015-05-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317592471

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Knowledge by Steve Fuller Pdf

The theory of knowledge, or epistemology, is often regarded as a dry topic that bears little relation to actual knowledge practices. Knowledge: The Philosophical Quest in History addresses this perception by showing the roots, developments and prospects of modern epistemology from its beginnings in the nineteenth century to the present day. Beginning with an introduction to the central questions and problems in theory of knowledge, Steve Fuller goes on to demonstrate that contemporary epistemology is enriched by its interdisciplinarity, analysing keys areas including: Epistemology as Cognitive Economics Epistemology as Divine Psychology Epistemology as Philosophy of Science Epistemology as Sociology of Science Epistemology and Postmodernism. A wide-ranging and historically-informed assessment of the ways in which man has - and continues to - pursue, question, contest, expand and shape knowledge, this book is essential reading anyone in the Humanities and Social Sciences interested in the history and practical application of epistemology.

The Philosophy of Knowledge

Nicholas D. Smith
The Philosophy of Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Nicholas D. Smith
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Knowledge, Theory of
ISBN : 1474258301

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The Philosophy of Knowledge by Nicholas D. Smith Pdf

"The Philosophy of Knowledge: A History presents the history of one of Western philosophy's greatest challenges: understanding the nature of knowledge. Divided chronologically into four volumes, it follows conceptions of knowledge that have been proposed, defended, replaced, and proposed anew by ancient, medieval, modern and contemporary philosophers. This volume covers the Presocratics, Sophists, and treatments of knowledge offered by Socrates and Plato. With original insights into the vast sweep of ways in which philosophers have sought to understand knowledge, The Philosophy of Knowledge: A History embraces what is vital and evolving within contemporary epistemology. Overseen by an international team of leading philosophers and featuring 50 specially-commissioned chapters, this is a major collection on one of philosophy's defining topics"--

Our Knowledge of the Past

Aviezer Tucker
Our Knowledge of the Past Book PDF

Author : Aviezer Tucker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2004-04-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139452250

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Our Knowledge of the Past by Aviezer Tucker Pdf

How do historians, comparative linguists, biblical and textual critics and evolutionary biologists establish beliefs about the past? How do they know the past? This book presents a philosophical analysis of the disciplines that offer scientific knowledge of the past. Using the analytic tools of contemporary epistemology and philosophy of science the book covers such topics as evidence, theory, methodology, explanation, determination and underdetermination, coincidence, contingency and counterfactuals in historiography. Aviezer Tucker's central claim is that historiography as a scientific discipline should be thought of as an effort to explain the evidence of past events. He also emphasizes the similarity between historiographic methodology to Darwinian evolutionary biology. This is an important, fresh approach to historiography and will be read by philosophers, historians and social scientists interested in the methodological foundations of their disciplines.