Foaming With Supercritical Fluids

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Foaming with Supercritical Fluids

Ernesto Di Maio,Salvatore Iannace,Giuseppe Mensitieri
Foaming with Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : Ernesto Di Maio,Salvatore Iannace,Giuseppe Mensitieri
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444637369

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Foaming with Supercritical Fluids by Ernesto Di Maio,Salvatore Iannace,Giuseppe Mensitieri Pdf

Foaming with Supercritical Fluids, Volume Nine provides a comprehensive description of the use of supercritical fluids as blowing agents in polymer foaming. To this aim, the fundamental issues on which the proper design and control of this process are rooted are discussed in detail, with specific attention devoted to the theoretical and experimental aspects of sorption thermodynamics of a blowing agent within a polymer, the effect of the absorbed blowing agent on the thermal, interfacial and rheological properties of the expanding matter, and the phase separation of the gaseous phase, and of the related bubble nucleation and growth phenomena. Several foaming technologies based on the use of supercritical blowing agents are then described, addressing the main issues in the light of the underlying chemical-physical phenomena. Offers strong fundamentals on polymer properties important on foaming Outlines the use of supercritical fluids for foaming Covers theoretical points-of-view, including foam formation of the polymer/gas solution to the setting of the final foam Discusses the several processing technologies and applications

Polymer Processing with Supercritical Fluids

Vannessa Goodship,Erich Ogur
Polymer Processing with Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : Vannessa Goodship,Erich Ogur
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Science
ISBN : 1859574947

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Polymer Processing with Supercritical Fluids by Vannessa Goodship,Erich Ogur Pdf

SCFs are currently the subjects of intense research and commercial interest. Applications such as the RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solutions) process are part of standard industrial practice. In view of their ever-growing importance in the polymer industry there is a need to fully comprehend how supercritical fluids interrelate with polymeric materials to realise the potential that can be gained from their use. The authors review the basic principles of SCFs and their application within the polymer industry: characteristics and properties, extraction of unwanted residual products, polymerisation solvents, and polymer impregnation. Processing applications such as plasticisation, foaming and blending are also considered. There is discussion of the potential within the polymer recycling industry for use of SCFs as cleaning agents or within supercritical oxidation processes. Around 400 references with abstracts from recent global literature accompany this review, sourced from the Polymer Library, to facilitate further reading. A subject index and a company index are included.

Product, Process and Plant Design Using Subcritical and Supercritical Fluids for Industrial Application

Željko Knez,Christoph Lütge
Product Process and Plant Design Using Subcritical and Supercritical Fluids for Industrial Application Book PDF

Author : Željko Knez,Christoph Lütge
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031346361

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Product, Process and Plant Design Using Subcritical and Supercritical Fluids for Industrial Application by Željko Knez,Christoph Lütge Pdf

This book describes cutting edge technology using supercritical fluids for the production of foodstuffs, medicals, and polymers. It illustrates the importance and use of basic data for design and operation at industrial scale units. The book's authors have several decades of experience of applied research on how to develop large scale industrial units. It provides readers complete insight in design and operation of industrial high pressure process plants. The book is written so it may be understood for people (with?) little or no background on high pressure process technology. It will provide information on how some foodstuffs, medicals, polymers are produced using high pressure technologies. The book demonstrates the importance of fundamental data, how to measure them and how to apply them to design industrial plants. At the same time, it also serves as a textbook for students.

Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies

Igor Pioro
Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies Book PDF

Author : Igor Pioro
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781838807085

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Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies by Igor Pioro Pdf

Using SuperCritical Fluids (SCFs) in various processes is not new, because Mother Nature has been processing minerals in aqueous solutions at critical and supercritical pressures for billions of years. Somewhere in the 20th century, SCFs started to be used in various industries as working fluids, coolants, chemical agents, etc. Written by an international team of experts and complete with the latest research, development, and design, Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies is a unique technical book, completely dedicated to modern and advanced applications of supercritical fluids in various industries.Advanced Supercritical Fluids Technologies provides engineers and specialists in various industries dealing with SCFs as well as researchers, scientists, and students of the corresponding departments with a comprehensive overview of the current status, latest trends and developments of these technologies.Dr Igor Pioro is a professor at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada, and the Founding Editor of the ASME Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science.

Polymer Nanocomposite Foams

Vikas Mittal
Polymer Nanocomposite Foams Book PDF

Author : Vikas Mittal
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781466558137

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Polymer Nanocomposite Foams by Vikas Mittal Pdf

Advancements in polymer nanocomposite foams have led to their application in a variety of fields, such as automotive, packaging, and insulation. Employing nanocomposites in foam formation enhances their property profiles, enabling a broader range of uses, from conventional to advanced applications. Since many factors affect the generation of nanost

Foam Extrusion

S.-T. Lee,Chul B. Park
Foam Extrusion Book PDF

Author : S.-T. Lee,Chul B. Park
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 596 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781439898604

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Foam Extrusion by S.-T. Lee,Chul B. Park Pdf

Combining the science of foam with the engineering of extrusion processes, Foam Extrusion: Principles and Practice delivers a detailed discussion of the theory, design, processing, and application of degradable foam extraction. In one comprehensive volume, the editors present the collective expertise of leading academic, research, and industry spec

Introduction to Supercritical Fluids

Richard Smith Jr.,Hiroshi Inomata,Cor Peters
Introduction to Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : Richard Smith Jr.,Hiroshi Inomata,Cor Peters
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080931302

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Introduction to Supercritical Fluids by Richard Smith Jr.,Hiroshi Inomata,Cor Peters Pdf

This text provides an introduction to supercritical fluids with easy-to-use Excel spreadsheets suitable for both specialized-discipline (chemistry or chemical engineering student) and mixed-discipline (engineering/economic student) classes. Each chapter contains worked examples, tip boxes and end-of-the-chapter problems and projects. Part I covers web-based chemical information resources, applications and simplified theory presented in a way that allows students of all disciplines to delve into the properties of supercritical fluids and to design energy, extraction and materials formation systems for real-world processes that use supercritical water or supercritical carbon dioxide. Part II takes a practical approach and addresses the thermodynamic framework, equations of state, fluid phase equilibria, heat and mass transfer, chemical equilibria and reaction kinetics of supercritical fluids. Spreadsheets are arranged as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) functions and macros that are completely (source code) accessible for students who have interest in developing their own programs. Programming is not required to solve problems or to complete projects in the text. Property worksheets/spreadsheets that are easy to use in learning environments Worked examples with Excel VBA Worksheet functions allow users to design their own processes Fluid phase equilibria and chemical equilibria worksheets allow users to change conditions, study new solutes, co-solvents, chemical systems or reactions

Polymeric Foams

Shau-Tarng Lee,Dieter Peter Klaus Scholz
Polymeric Foams Book PDF

Author : Shau-Tarng Lee,Dieter Peter Klaus Scholz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008-12-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1420061267

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Polymeric Foams by Shau-Tarng Lee,Dieter Peter Klaus Scholz Pdf

Explores the Latest Developments in Polymeric Foams Since the 1960s polymeric foams have grown into a solid industry that affects almost every aspect of modern life. The industry has weathered the energy crisis in the 70s, ozone issues in the 80s, and recycle/reuse in the 90s. However, the pace of development and social climate is rapidly changing again, putting the spotlight even more firmly on performance, sustainable resources, and energy security. Coverage of New Products, Technologies, and Regulations Exploring new concepts, innovations, and developments in the field, Polymeric Foams: Technology and Development in Regulation, Process, and Products provides an international perspective on the direction of foam technologies and applications, focusing on the progress in blowing agent research and hydrofluorocarbons for the polyurethane foam industry. The text covers new foam products, including PP/PS interpolymer, nano-, and biodegradable foams. It also examines new technologies, such as injection foam molding and PVC foam; industry and environmental regulations; and research on foam performance, emission impact, and economic effects. Clearly Follows the Development Process As in most fields these days, efforts to be environmentally friendly and achieve enhanced performance for specialty applications drive research and development. Presenting a clear picture of the development process, this book covers not only new directions in the industry, but how they will impact current and future development.

Advanced Nanotechnology and Application of Supercritical Fluids

Inamuddin,Abdullah M. Asiri
Advanced Nanotechnology and Application of Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : Inamuddin,Abdullah M. Asiri
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2020-07-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030449841

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Advanced Nanotechnology and Application of Supercritical Fluids by Inamuddin,Abdullah M. Asiri Pdf

Globalization and industrialization involve a number of reactions, products, extractions, and separations that require the use of organic solvents. These solvents are responsible for a number of ecological concerns, including atmospheric and land toxicity. Conventional organic solvents are regarded as volatile organic compounds; some are even limited due to their potential for ozone layer depletion. While supercritical liquids exhibit physical properties that could make them ideal substitutes for these volatile compounds, there is particular interest in the use of carbon dioxide as a solvent of crude material. In particular, carbon dioxide has apparent ‘green’ properties, like its noncombustible nature, the fact that it is generally nonpoisonous, and its relative inertness. Thus, the use of supercritical carbon dioxide can provide practical improvements to the sustainability of industrial products and processes. This book provides in-depth literature in the area of industrial green processes, focusing on the separation, purification, and extraction of compounds utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide as a green solvent.

Supercritical Fluids

E. Kiran,Pablo G. Debenedetti,Cor J. Peters
Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : E. Kiran,Pablo G. Debenedetti,Cor J. Peters
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 602 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401139298

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Supercritical Fluids by E. Kiran,Pablo G. Debenedetti,Cor J. Peters Pdf

Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density and they are therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the density the properties of these fluids can be customised and manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical solvents such as CO2 are currently on-line commercially in the food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another, major analytical application. Significant advances have recently been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation to the creation of porous materials. The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3) transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling, computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers, pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process scale-up.

Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents

George Wypych
Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents Book PDF

Author : George Wypych
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2022-03-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781774670019

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Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents by George Wypych Pdf

Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents, Second Edition includes the most current information on foaming technology, guiding users on the proper selection of formulation, which is highly dependent on the mechanisms of action of blowing agents and foaming agents, as well as dispersion and solubility. The book includes properties of 23 groups of blowing agents and the typical range of technical performance for each group, including general properties, physical-chemical properties, health and safety, environmental impact, and applications in different products and polymers. All information is illustrated by chemical reactions and diagrams. Chapters in the book look at foaming mechanisms with the use of solid blowing agents, which are decomposed to the gaseous products by application of heat, production of gaseous products by chemical reaction, and foaming by gases and evaporating liquids. Introduces the fundamental mechanisms of action of blowing agents and foaming Includes best practice guidance to help engineers and technicians improve the efficiency of their existing foaming processes Enables practitioners to select blowing agents and foaming methods more effectively, thus reducing the risk of poor specification Introduces useful analytical techniques for foaming Discusses the environmental impact of foaming processes

Supercritical Fluids

E. Kiran,Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers
Supercritical Fluids Book PDF

Author : E. Kiran,Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 826 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1994-06-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 0792329422

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Supercritical Fluids by E. Kiran,Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers Pdf

Supercritical fluids which are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density, are gaining increasing importance as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the pressure, or more strictly the density, the properties of these fluids are customized and manipulated for the particular process at hand, be it a physical transformation, such as separation or solvation, or a chemical transformation, such as a reaction or reactive extraction. Supercritical fluids, however, differ from both gases and liquids in many respects. In order to properly understand and describe their properties, it is necessary to know the implications of their nearness to criticality, to be aware of the complex types of phase separation (including solid phases) that occur when the components of the fluid mixture are very different from each other, and to develop theories that can cope with the large differences in molecular size and shape of the supercritical solvent and the solutes that are present.

Supercritical Fluid Cleaning

Samuel P. Sawan
Supercritical Fluid Cleaning Book PDF

Author : Samuel P. Sawan
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1998-12-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780815519164

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Supercritical Fluid Cleaning by Samuel P. Sawan Pdf

Although supercritial fluid (SCF) technology is now widely used in extraction and purification processes (in the petrochemical, food and pharmaceuticals industries), this book is the first to address the new application of cleaning. The objective is to provide a roadmap for readers who want to know whether SCF technology can meet their own processing and cleaning needs. It is particularly helpful to those striving to balance the requirements for a clean product and a clean environment. The interdisciplinary subject matter will appeal to scientists and engineers in all specialties ranging from materials and polymer sciences to chemistry and physics. It is also useful to those developing new processes for other applications, and references given at the end of each chapter provide links to the wider body of SCF literature. The book is organized with topics progressing from the fundamental nature of the supercritical state, through process conditions and materials interactions, to economic considerations. Practical examples are included to show how the technology has been successfully applied. The first four chapters consider principles governing SCF processing, detailing issues such as solubility, design for cleanability, and the dynamics of particle removal. The next three chapters discuss surfactants and microemulsions, SCF interaction with polymers, and the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a cleaning solvent. The closing chapters focus on more practical considerations such as scaleup, equipment costs, and financial analysis.

Recent Developments in Polymer Macro, Micro and Nano Blends

P. M. Visakh,Gordana Markovic,Daniel Pasquini
Recent Developments in Polymer Macro Micro and Nano Blends Book PDF

Author : P. M. Visakh,Gordana Markovic,Daniel Pasquini
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780081004272

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Recent Developments in Polymer Macro, Micro and Nano Blends by P. M. Visakh,Gordana Markovic,Daniel Pasquini Pdf

Recent Developments in Polymer Macro, Micro and Nano Blends: Preparation and Characterisation discusses the various types of techniques that are currently used for the characterization of polymer-based macro, micro, and nano blends. It summarizes recent technical research accomplishments, emphasizing a broad range of characterization methods. In addition, the book discusses preparation methods and applications for various types of polymer-based macro, micro, and nano blends. Chapters include thermoplastic-based polymer & nano blends, applications of rubber based and thermoplastic blends, micro/nanostructures polymer blends containing block copolymers, advances in polymer-inorganic hybrids as membrane materials, synthesis of polymer/inorganic hybrids through heterophase polymerizations, nanoporous polymer foams from nanostructured polymer blends, and natural polymeric biodegradable nano blends for protein delivery. Describes the techniques pertaining to a kind (or small number) of blends, showing specific examples of their applications Covers micro, macro, and nano polymer blends Contains contributions from leading experts in the field

Multifunctional Polymeric Foams

Soney C. George,Resmi B. P.
Multifunctional Polymeric Foams Book PDF

Author : Soney C. George,Resmi B. P.
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2023-03-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000836387

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Multifunctional Polymeric Foams by Soney C. George,Resmi B. P. Pdf

Provides description of functional foams, their manufacturing methods, properties, and applications Covers various blowing agents, greener methods for foaming, and emerging applicability Illustrates comparative information regarding polymeric foams and recent developments with polymer nanocomposite foams Includes applications in mechanical, civil, biomedical, food packaging, electronics, health care industry, and acoustics fields Reviews elastomeric foams and their nanocomposite derivatives