Formaldehyde Review Of Scientific Basis Of Epa S Carcinogenic Risk Assessment

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review EPA's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2011-05-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309211963

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Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review EPA's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde Pdf

Formaldehyde is ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor air, and everyone is exposed to formaldehyde at some concentration daily. Formaldehyde is used to produce a wide array of products, particularly building materials; it is emitted from many sources, including power plants, cars, gas and wood stoves, and cigarettes; it is a natural product in come foods; and it is naturally present in the human body as a metabolic intermediate. Much research has been conducted on the health effects of exposure to formaldehyde, including effects on the upper airway, where formaldehyde is deposited when inhaled, and effects on tissues distant from the site of initial contact. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released noncancer and cancer assessments of formaldehyde for its Intergated Risk Information System (IRIS) in 1990 and 1991, respectively. The agency began reassessing formaldehyde in 1998 and released a draft IRIS assessment in June 2010. Given the complexity of the issues and the knowledge that the assessment will be used as the basis of regulatory decisions, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct an independent scientific review of the draft IRIS assessment. In this report, the Committee to Review EPA's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde first addresses some general issues associated with the draft IRIS assessment. The committee next focuses on questions concerning specific aspects of the draft assessment, including derivation of the reference concentrations and the cancer unit risk estimates for formaldehyde. The committee closes with recommendations for improving the IRIS assessment of formaldehyde and provides some general comments on the IRIS development process.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 808 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Carcinogenicity testing
ISBN : STANFORD:36105045594954

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Formaldehyde--review of Scientific Basis of EPA's Carcinogenic Risk Assessment by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight Pdf

Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Review the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology
Publisher : National Academy Press
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309301785

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Review of the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Review the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology Pdf

Introduction -- Review of the styrene profile in the National Toxicology Program 12th report on carcinogens -- Independent assessment of styrene -- Biographic Information on the Committee to Review the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens -- Statement of task of the Committee to Review the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th report on carcinogens -- Review of the literature search used in the National Toxicology Program 12th report on carcinogens -- Literature search strategies used in support of the committee's independent assessment of styrene.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the IRIS Process
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2014-06-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309304177

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Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Process by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the IRIS Process Pdf

The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is a program within the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that is responsible for developing toxicologic assessments of environmental contaminants. An IRIS assessment contains hazard identifications and dose-response assessments of various chemicals related to cancer and noncancer outcomes. Although the program was created to increase consistency among toxicologic assessments within the agency, federal, state, and international agencies and other organizations have come to rely on IRIS assessments for setting regulatory standards, establishing exposure guidelines, and estimating risks to exposed populations. Over the last decade, the National Research Council (NRC) has been asked to review some of the more complex and challenging IRIS assessments, including those of formaldehyde, dioxin, and tetrachloroethylene. In 2011, an NRC committee released its review of the IRIS formaldehyde assessment. Like other NRC committees that had reviewed IRIS assessments, the formaldehyde committee identified deficiencies in the specific assessment and more broadly in some of EPA's general approaches and specific methods. Although the committee focused on evaluating the IRIS formaldehyde assessment, it provided suggestions for improving the IRIS process and a roadmap for its revision in case EPA decided to move forward with changes to the process. Congress directed EPA to implement the report's recommendations and then asked the National Research Council to review the changes that EPA was making (or proposing to make) in response to the recommendations. Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Process provides an overview of some general issues associated with IRIS assessments. This report then addresses evidence identification and evaluation for IRIS assessments and discusses evidence integration for hazard evaluation and methods for calculating reference values and unit risks. The report makes recommendations and considerations for future directions. Overall, Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System Process finds that substantial improvements in the IRIS process have been made, and it is clear that EPA has embraced and is acting on the recommendations in the NRC formaldehyde report. The recommendations of this report should be seen as building on the progress that EPA has already made.

Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Review of Epa's 2022 Draft Formaldehyde Assessment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0309706556

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Review of Epa's 2022 Draft Formaldehyde Assessment by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Review of Epa's 2022 Draft Formaldehyde Assessment Pdf

Formaldehyde is widely present in the environment and is one of the highest production chemicals by volume, used in manufactured goods including wood products, permanent press fabrics, and household products. It is also formed by combustion sources and is present in smoke from cigarettes and other tobacco products, and in emissions from gas stoves and open fireplaces. In carrying out its mission to protect human health, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies and characterizes the health hazards of chemicals found in the environment through its Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Program, which has reviewed the human health hazards resulting from formaldehyde exposure in several assessments. This report is a continuation of guidance from the National Academies on draft IRIS assessments of formaldehyde and other aspects of the IRIS program. This report reviews the 2022 Draft Assessment with regard to its adequacy and transparency in evaluating the scientific literature, use of appropriate methods to synthesize the current state-of-the science, and presentations of conclusions that are supported by the scientific evidence. The report concludes that the 2022 Draft Assessment follows the advice of prior National Academies reports and that its findings on hazard and quantitative risk are supported by the evidence identified. However, revisions are needed to ensure that users can find and follow the methods used in each step of the assessment for each health outcome.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : House & Home
ISBN : UCBK:C105261333

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WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality by Anonim Pdf

This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 808 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Carcinogenicity testing
ISBN : LOC:00183584327

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Formaldehyde--review of Scientific Basis of EPA's Carcinogenic Risk Assessment by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight Pdf

Author : Suzanne H. Reuben
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2010-10
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781437934212

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Reducing Environmental Cancer Risk by Suzanne H. Reuben Pdf

Though overall cancer incidence and mortality have continued to decline in recent years, cancer continues to devastate the lives of far too many Americans. In 2009 alone, 1.5 million American men, women, and children were diagnosed with cancer, and 562,000 died from the disease. There is a growing body of evidence linking environmental exposures to cancer. The Pres. Cancer Panel dedicated its 2008¿2009 activities to examining the impact of environmental factors on cancer risk. The Panel considered industrial, occupational, and agricultural exposures as well as exposures related to medical practice, military activities, modern lifestyles, and natural sources. This report presents the Panel¿s recommend. to mitigate or eliminate these barriers. Illus.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1983-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309033497

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Risk Assessment in the Federal Government by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health Pdf

The regulation of potentially hazardous substances has become a controversial issue. This volume evaluates past efforts to develop and use risk assessment guidelines, reviews the experience of regulatory agencies with different administrative arrangements for risk assessment, and evaluates various proposals to modify procedures. The book's conclusions and recommendations can be applied across the entire field of environmental health.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2009-03-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309120463

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Science and Decisions by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA Pdf

Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Health risk assessment
ISBN : UOM:39015043186363

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EPA 630/R by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Inorganic Arsenic
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-20
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309297097

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Critical Aspects of EPA's IRIS Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Inorganic Arsenic Pdf

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program develops toxicologic assessments of environmental contaminants. IRIS assessments provide hazard identification and dose-response assessment information. The information is then used in conjunction with exposure information to characterize risks to public health and may be used in risk-based decisionmaking, in regulatory actions, and for other risk-management purposes. Since the middle 1990s, EPA has been in the process of updating the IRIS assessment of inorganic arsenic. In response to a congressional mandate for an independent review of the IRIS assessment of inorganic arsenic, EPA requested that the National Research Council convene a committee to conduct a two-phase study. Critical Aspects of EPA's IRIS Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic is the report of the first phase of that study. This report evaluates critical scientific issues in assessing cancer and noncancer effects of oral exposure to inorganic arsenic and offers recommendations on how the issues could be addressed in EPA's IRIS assessment.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309048750

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Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children Pdf

Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 668 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1994-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309048941

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Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants Pdf

The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 0309312248

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Review of the Formaldehyde Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens by Anonim Pdf

"Many people in the United States are exposed to formaldehyde. Exposure can occur from environmental sources (for example, combustion processes, building materials, and tobacco smoke) or in occupational settings (for example, the furniture, textile, and construction industries). Formaldehyde exposure also has endogenous sources--it is produced intracellularly as a component of the one carbon pool intermediary metabolism pathway. Scientists have studied formaldehyde for decades to determine whether exogenous formaldehyde exposure may be associated with cancer in humans. In 1981, The National Toxicology Program (NTP) first listed formaldehyde in the 2nd Report on Carcinogens as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen". In 2011, NTP upgraded the listing of formaldehyde to "known to be a human carcinogen". Following the new listing, Congress directed the Department of Health and Human Services to arrange for the National Academy of Sciences to independently review formaldehyde's substance profile and listing. This report presents the findings and conclusions of the committee formed in response to the congressional request. Review of the Formaldehyde Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens concurs with NTP that there is sufficient evidence in studies that had adequate characterization of relevant exposure metrics to enable a strong conclusion about the association between formaldehyde exposure and cancer in humans. Additionally, the authoring committee independently reviewed the scientific evidence from studies in humans, experimental animals, and other studies relevant to the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and made level-of-evidence conclusions. This report finds clear and convincing epidemiologic evidence of an association between formaldehyde exposure and nasopharyngeal and sinonasal cancers in humans."--Publisher's description.