From Polysemy To Semantic Change

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From Polysemy to Semantic Change

Martine Vanhove
From Polysemy to Semantic Change Book PDF

Author : Martine Vanhove
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2008-11-21
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027290328

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From Polysemy to Semantic Change by Martine Vanhove Pdf

This book is the result of a joint project on lexical and semantic typology which gathered together field linguists, semanticists, cognitivists, typologists, and an NLP specialist. These cross-linguistic studies concern semantic shifts at large, both synchronic and diachronic: the outcome of polysemy, heterosemy, or semantic change at the lexical level. The first part presents a comprehensive state of the art of a domain typologists have long been reluctant to deal with. Part two focuses on theoretical and methodological approaches: cognition, construction grammar, graph theory, semantic maps, and data bases. These studies deal with universals and variation across languages, illustrated with numerous examples from different semantic domains and different languages. Part three is dedicated to detailed empirical studies of a large sample of languages in a limited set of semantic fields. It reveals possible universals of semantic association, as well as areal and cultural tendencies.

From Polysemy to Semantic Change

Martine Vanhove
From Polysemy to Semantic Change Book PDF

Author : Martine Vanhove
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027205735

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From Polysemy to Semantic Change by Martine Vanhove Pdf

This book is the result of a joint project on lexical and semantic typology which gathered together field linguists, semanticists, cognitivists, typologists, and an NLP specialist. These cross-linguistic studies concern semantic shifts at large, both synchronic and diachronic: the outcome of polysemy, heterosemy, or semantic change at the lexical level. The first part presents a comprehensive state of the art of a domain typologists have long been reluctant to deal with. Part two focuses on theoretical and methodological approaches: cognition, construction grammar, graph theory, semantic maps, and data bases. These studies deal with universals and variation across languages, illustrated with numerous examples from different semantic domains and different languages. Part three is dedicated to detailed empirical studies of a large sample of languages in a limited set of semantic fields. It reveals possible universals of semantic association, as well as areal and cultural tendencies.

Polysemy

Brigitte Nerlich,Zazie Todd,Vimala Herman,David D. Clarke
Polysemy Book PDF

Author : Brigitte Nerlich,Zazie Todd,Vimala Herman,David D. Clarke
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 437 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2011-05-12
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110895698

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Polysemy by Brigitte Nerlich,Zazie Todd,Vimala Herman,David D. Clarke Pdf

About fifty years ago, Stephen Ullmann wrote that polysemy is 'the pivot of semantic analysis'. Fifty years on, polysemy has become one of the hottest topics in linguistics and in the cognitive sciences at large. The book deals with the topic from a wide variety of viewpoints. The cognitive approach is supplemented and supported by diachronic, psycholinguistic, developmental, comparative, and computational perspectives. The chapters, written by some of the most eminent specialists in the field, are all underpinned by detailed discussions of methodology and theory.

The Semantics of Polysemy

Nick Riemer
The Semantics of Polysemy Book PDF

Author : Nick Riemer
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2008-08-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110197556

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The Semantics of Polysemy by Nick Riemer Pdf

This book, addressed primarily to students and researchers in semantics, cognitive linguistics, English, and Australian languages, is a comparative study of the polysemy patterns displayed by percussion/impact ('hitting') verbs in English and Warlpiri (Pama-Nyungan, Central Australia). The opening chapters develop a novel theoretical orientation for the study of polysemy via a close examination of two theoretical traditions under the broader cognitivist umbrella: Langackerian and Lakovian Cognitive Semantics and Wierzbickian Natural Semantic Metalanguage. Arguments are offered which problematize attempts in these traditions to ground the analysis of meaning either in cognitive or neurological reality, or in the existence of universal synonymy relations within the lexicon. Instead, an interpretative rather than a scientific construal of linguistic theorizing is sketched, in the context of a close examination of certain key issues in the contemporary study of polysemy such as sense individuation, the role of reference in linguistic categorization, and the demarcation between metaphor and metonymy. The later chapters present a detailed typology of the polysemous senses of English and Warlpiri percussion/impact (or P/I) verbs based on a diachronically deep corpus of dictionary citations from Middle to contemporary English, and on a large corpus of Warlpiri citations. Limited to the operations of metaphor and of three categories of metonymy, this typology posits just four types of basic relation between extended and core meanings. As a result, the phenomenon of polysemy and semantic extension emerges as amenable to strikingly concise description.

The Semantics of Polysemy

Nick Riemer
The Semantics of Polysemy Book PDF

Author : Nick Riemer
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110183979

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The Semantics of Polysemy by Nick Riemer Pdf

This book, addressed primarily to students and researchers in semantics, cognitive linguistics, English, and Australian languages, is a comparative study of the polysemy patterns displayed by percussion/impact ('hitting') verbs in English and Warlpiri (Pama-Nyungan, Central Australia). The opening chapters develop a novel theoretical orientation for the study of polysemy via a close examination of two theoretical traditions under the broader cognitivist umbrella: Langackerian and Lakovian Cognitive Semantics and Wierzbickian Natural Semantic Metalanguage. Arguments are offered which problematize attempts in these traditions to ground the analysis of meaning either in cognitive or neurological reality, or in the existence of universal synonymy relations within the lexicon. Instead, an interpretative rather than a scientific construal of linguistic theorizing is sketched, in the context of a close examination of certain key issues in the contemporary study of polysemy such as sense individuation, the role of reference in linguistic categorization, and the demarcation between metaphor and metonymy. The later chapters present a detailed typology of the polysemous senses of English and Warlpiri percussion/impact (or P/I) verbs based on a diachronically deep corpus of dictionary citations from Middle to contemporary English, and on a large corpus of Warlpiri citations. Limited to the operations of metaphor and of three categories of metonymy, this typology posits just four types of basic relation between extended and core meanings. As a result, the phenomenon of polysemy and semantic extension emerges as amenable to strikingly concise description.

An Insight on Semantic Change

Florian Wenz
An Insight on Semantic Change Book PDF

Author : Florian Wenz
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-27
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9783656177623

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An Insight on Semantic Change by Florian Wenz Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,7, University of Bamberg (Lehrstuhl für Englische Sprachwissenschaft ), course: English Etymology, language: English, abstract: "Nothing is perfectly static. Every word, every grammatical element, every locution, every sound and accent is a slowly changing configuration, molded by the invisible and impersonal drift that is the life of language." (Sapir 1949: 171) Reading this quote, in which Edward Sapir describes the nature of language, there are two important points, which I would like to use as a starting point for this paper. The first point is that language undergoes a continuous change and is never "perfectly static". This is especially true for semantics as Ullmann states: "Of all linguistic elements caught up in this drift, meaning is probably the least resistant to change." (Ullmann 1977: 193) The meaning of words is in a constant process of alteration. The second point is that the change mentioned above is done by "the invisible and impersonal drift" or to put it in simple words: The change in language in general and in meaning in particular happens unconsciously to the speakers. This fact poses the following questions: Why do speakers change the meaning of a word if they are not aware of it? What are the forces behind this process, how does this process look like and what are the most relevant types of change? Or in general: What is semantic change? To give answers to exactly these major questions about semantic change, will be the aim of this paper. The basis for this paper will be the theories of Andreas Blank, who even though being a Romanist, developed a precise, extensive and still very comprehensive theoretical work on semantic change, which is "[...] recommendable for historical semanticists of all languages." (Grzega 2000: 233)

From Etymology to Pragmatics

Eve Sweetser
From Etymology to Pragmatics Book PDF

Author : Eve Sweetser
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1991-07-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781316582336

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From Etymology to Pragmatics by Eve Sweetser Pdf

This book offers a distinct approach to the analysis of the multiple meanings of English modals, conjunctions, conditionals and perception verbs. Although such ambiguities cannot easily be accounted for by feature-analyses of word meaning, Eve Sweetser's argument shows that they can be analysed both readily and systematically. Meaning relationships in general cannot be understood independently of human cognitive structure, including the metaphorical and cultural aspects of that structure. Sweetser shows that both lexical polysemy and pragmatic ambiguity are shaped by our metaphorical folk understanding of epistemic processes and of speech interaction. Similar regularities can be shown to structure the contrast between root, epistemic and 'speech-act' uses of modal verbs, multiple uses of conjunctions and conditionals, and certain processes of historical change observed in Indo-European languages. Since polysemy is typically the intermediate step in semantic change, the same regularities observable in polysemy can be extended to an analysis of semantic change. This book will attract students and researchers in linguistics, philosophy, the cognitive sciences, and all those interested in metaphor.

The Lexical Typology of Semantic Shifts

Päivi Juvonen,Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm
The Lexical Typology of Semantic Shifts Book PDF

Author : Päivi Juvonen,Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-08
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110393064

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The Lexical Typology of Semantic Shifts by Päivi Juvonen,Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm Pdf

The volume focuses on semantic shifts and motivation patterns in the lexicon. Its key feature is its lexico-typological orientation, i.e. a heavy emphasis on systematic cross-linguistic comparison. The book presents current theoretical and methodological trends in the study of semantic shifts and motivational patters based on an abundance of empirical findings across genetically, areally and typologically diverse languages.

Historical Semantics and Cognition

Andreas Blank,Peter Koch
Historical Semantics and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Andreas Blank,Peter Koch
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-25
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110804195

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Historical Semantics and Cognition by Andreas Blank,Peter Koch Pdf

Contains revised papers from a September 1996 symposium which provided a forum for synchronically and diachronically oriented scholars to exchange ideas and for American and European cognitive linguists to confront representatives of different directions in European structural semantics. Papers are in sections on theories and models, descriptive categories, and case studies, and examine areas such as cognitive and structural semantics, diachronic prototype semantics, synecdoche as a cognitive and communicative strategy, and intensifiers as targets and sources of semantic change.

Semantic Change

Thomas Heim
Semantic Change Book PDF

Author : Thomas Heim
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2006-01-12
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9783638453899

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Semantic Change by Thomas Heim Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1, LMU Munich (Institut für Englische Philologie), course: Hauptseminar, 8 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: “Semantic change deals with change in meaning, understood to be a change in the concepts associated with a word [...]” (Campbell 1998: 255). To some of you, Campbell’s definition may seem a bit simplistic. Some scholars, too (for example Blank whom we’ll be hearing of later on), argue that it’s not one meaning of word that changes, but with semantic change a new meaning is added to the already existing meaning or meanings of a word and then this new meaning is lexicalised, or one of the already lexicalised meanings is no longer used and becomes extinct. I think Campbell’s definition can suffice as a basis for our little “immersion” into semantic change. And what is more important than a theoretically watertight definition is a “practical insight” into semantic change. So let’s have quick look on what exactly changes when words change their meanings.

Cognitive Approaches to Lexical Semantics

Hubert Cuyckens,René Dirven,John R. Taylor
Cognitive Approaches to Lexical Semantics Book PDF

Author : Hubert Cuyckens,René Dirven,John R. Taylor
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 513 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2009-06-23
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110219074

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Cognitive Approaches to Lexical Semantics by Hubert Cuyckens,René Dirven,John R. Taylor Pdf

This collected volume presents radically new directions which are emerging in cognitive lexical semantics research. A number of papers re-ignite the polysemy vs. monosemy debate, and testify to the fact that polysemy is no longer simply taken for granted, but is currently a much more contested issue than it was in the 1980s and 1990s. Other papers offer fresh perspectives on the prototype structure of lexical categories, while generally accepted notions about the radial network structure of categories are questioned in papers on the development of word meaning in child language acquisition and in diachrony. Additional topics include the interaction of lexical and constructional meaning, and the relationship between word meanings and the contexts in which the words are encountered. This book is of interest to semanticists and cognitive linguists, as well as to scholars working in the broader field of cognitive science.

Words and Meanings

Cliff Goddard,Anna Wierzbicka
Words and Meanings Book PDF

Author : Cliff Goddard,Anna Wierzbicka
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-04
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0198783558

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Words and Meanings by Cliff Goddard,Anna Wierzbicka Pdf

In a series of cross-cultural investigations of word meaning, Cliff Goddard and Anna Wierzbicka examine key expressions from different domains of the lexicon - concrete, abstract, physical, sensory, emotional, and social. They focus on complex and culturally important words in a range of languages that includes English, Russian, Polish, French, Warlpiri, and Malay. Some are basic like men, women, and children or abstract nouns like trauma and violence; others describe qualities such as hot, hard, and rough, emotions like happiness and sadness, or feelings like pain. They ground their discussions in real examples from different cultures and draw on work ranging from Leibniz, Locke, and Bentham, to popular works such as autobiographies and memoirs, and the Dalai Lama on happiness. The book opens with a review of the neglected status of lexical semantics in linguistics. The authors consider a range of analytical issues including lexical polysemy, semantic change, the relationship between lexical and grammatical semantics, and the concepts of semantic molecules and templates. Their fascinating book is for everyone interested in the relations between meaning, culture, ideas, and words.

Computational approaches to semantic change

Nina Tahmasebi,Lars Borin,Adam Jatowt ,Yang Xu,Simon Hengchen
Computational approaches to semantic change Book PDF

Author : Nina Tahmasebi,Lars Borin,Adam Jatowt ,Yang Xu,Simon Hengchen
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961103126

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Computational approaches to semantic change by Nina Tahmasebi,Lars Borin,Adam Jatowt ,Yang Xu,Simon Hengchen Pdf

Semantic change — how the meanings of words change over time — has preoccupied scholars since well before modern linguistics emerged in the late 19th and early 20th century, ushering in a new methodological turn in the study of language change. Compared to changes in sound and grammar, semantic change is the least understood. Ever since, the study of semantic change has progressed steadily, accumulating a vast store of knowledge for over a century, encompassing many languages and language families. Historical linguists also early on realized the potential of computers as research tools, with papers at the very first international conferences in computational linguistics in the 1960s. Such computational studies still tended to be small-scale, method-oriented, and qualitative. However, recent years have witnessed a sea-change in this regard. Big-data empirical quantitative investigations are now coming to the forefront, enabled by enormous advances in storage capability and processing power. Diachronic corpora have grown beyond imagination, defying exploration by traditional manual qualitative methods, and language technology has become increasingly data-driven and semantics-oriented. These developments present a golden opportunity for the empirical study of semantic change over both long and short time spans. A major challenge presently is to integrate the hard-earned knowledge and expertise of traditional historical linguistics with cutting-edge methodology explored primarily in computational linguistics. The idea for the present volume came out of a concrete response to this challenge. The 1st International Workshop on Computational Approaches to Historical Language Change (LChange'19), at ACL 2019, brought together scholars from both fields. This volume offers a survey of this exciting new direction in the study of semantic change, a discussion of the many remaining challenges that we face in pursuing it, and considerably updated and extended versions of a selection of the contributions to the LChange'19 workshop, addressing both more theoretical problems — e.g., discovery of "laws of semantic change" — and practical applications, such as information retrieval in longitudinal text archives.

On Monosemy

Charles Ruhl
On Monosemy Book PDF

Author : Charles Ruhl
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1989-07-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781438418278

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On Monosemy by Charles Ruhl Pdf

In this book, the author argues that words should be presumed initially to be monosemic: having a single, highly abstract meaning. Semantic research should first seek a unitary meaning, resorting to polysemy, homonymy or idiomaticity only when an extended attempt fails. Utilizing a large data base, this book shows that some supposed "lexical" semantic meaning is actually pragmatic or extralinguistic. Included are extensive treatments of the verbs bear, hit, kick and slap, the phrase take off, and the noun ice. Ruhl studies linguistic research methods and theory, most directly relevant to the fields of semantics and pragmatics, and also to lexicography, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. The hypothesis of monosemy implies significant changes of perspective and application for all fields which deal in lexical definition.

The Lexical Typology of Semantic Shifts

Päivi Juvonen,Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm
The Lexical Typology of Semantic Shifts Book PDF

Author : Päivi Juvonen,Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-08
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110377675

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The Lexical Typology of Semantic Shifts by Päivi Juvonen,Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm Pdf

The volume focuses on semantic shifts and motivation patterns in the lexicon. Its key feature is its lexico-typological orientation, i.e. a heavy emphasis on systematic cross-linguistic comparison. The book presents current theoretical and methodological trends in the study of semantic shifts and motivational patters based on an abundance of empirical findings across genetically, areally and typologically diverse languages.