Gender Testing In Sport

Author : Sandy Montanola,Aurélie Olivesi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-02-05
Category : Sports & Recreation
ISBN : 9781317527107

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Gender Testing in Sport by Sandy Montanola,Aurélie Olivesi Pdf

After the young South African athlete Caster Semenya won the 800m title at the 2009 World Championships she was obliged to undergo gender testing and was temporarily withdrawn from international competition. The way that this controversy unfolded represents a rich and multi-layered example of the construction of gender in wider society and the interrelationships between sport, culture and the media. This is the first book to explore the case in depth, from socio-cultural, ethical and legal perspectives. Analysing what came to be called "the Caster Semenya Case" in a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary fashion, and covering issues from media discourses and the rhetoric and regulations of the sport’s governing bodies to the reaction of the athlete herself, the book explores the ethics of how gender norms in sport, and in society more generally, are constructed through appearance, behaviour and sporting performance. This 2009 controversy can be taken as an indicator of the tensions of the time, and served as a link between medical sciences, society and gender. Including discussions of key concepts such as 'intersex', 'body norms', and 'fairness', Gender Testing in Sport is fascinating and important reading for anybody with an interest in sport studies, gender studies or biomedical ethics.

Author : Lindsay Pieper
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2016-05-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780252098444

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Sex Testing by Lindsay Pieper Pdf

In 1968, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) implemented sex testing for female athletes at that year's Games. When it became clear that testing regimes failed to delineate a sex divide, the IOC began to test for gender --a shift that allowed the organization to control the very idea of womanhood. Lindsay Parks Pieper explores sex testing in sport from the 1930s to the early 2000s. Focusing on assumptions and goals as well as means, Pieper examines how the IOC in particular insisted on a misguided binary notion of gender that privileged Western norms. Testing evolved into a tool to identify--and eliminate--athletes the IOC deemed too strong, too fast, or too successful. Pieper shows how this system punished gifted women while hindering the development of women's athletics for decades. She also reveals how the flawed notions behind testing--ideas often sexist, racist, or ridiculous--degraded the very idea of female athleticism.

Author : Sandy Montanola,Aurélie Olivesi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-02-05
Category : Sports & Recreation
ISBN : 9781317527114

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Gender Testing in Sport by Sandy Montanola,Aurélie Olivesi Pdf

After the young South African athlete Caster Semenya won the 800m title at the 2009 World Championships she was obliged to undergo gender testing and was temporarily withdrawn from international competition. The way that this controversy unfolded represents a rich and multi-layered example of the construction of gender in wider society and the interrelationships between sport, culture and the media. This is the first book to explore the case in depth, from socio-cultural, ethical and legal perspectives. Analysing what came to be called "the Caster Semenya Case" in a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary fashion, and covering issues from media discourses and the rhetoric and regulations of the sport’s governing bodies to the reaction of the athlete herself, the book explores the ethics of how gender norms in sport, and in society more generally, are constructed through appearance, behaviour and sporting performance. This 2009 controversy can be taken as an indicator of the tensions of the time, and served as a link between medical sciences, society and gender. Including discussions of key concepts such as 'intersex', 'body norms', and 'fairness', Gender Testing in Sport is fascinating and important reading for anybody with an interest in sport studies, gender studies or biomedical ethics.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1623138809

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They're Chasing Us Away from Sport by Anonim Pdf

Author : Christoph Niemann
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 13 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783346180360

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Construction of Gender in Sports. Gender Tests in Elite Athletics by Christoph Niemann Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Gender Studies, grade: 1,0, University of Münster (Sportwissenschaft), course: Körper – historisch, soziologisch, kulturwissenschaftlich betrachtet, language: English, abstract: In the context of this thesis the topic of the gender construction is taken up. Subject areas of the social and natural sciences try to find the causes of the gender-specific differences with the aid of various theories. At first, an analysis of the relationship between society, gender and sport should make it clear how the social subsystem Sport was influenced and structured by everyday theory. Using the example of the controversial phenomenon of sex tests in sport, it should be shown that the gender of a person cannot be measured using biological-medical criteria only. This thesis is contrary to the widespread opinion in medicine and biology that sex can be clearly determined based on five criteria. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the procedure and basics of gender testing should be created by summarizing these criteria. In a second step, it is shown that it is possible by a social-scientific point of view to question hypotheses of a purely biological, pre-social nature of man. A basic insight is that the society in which we live is a result of our own actions. The everyday distinction between man and woman is an expression of attribution that does not refer to the individual but to the cultural system. It raises the question of the social aspect in the gender categorization. This questions the collective assumptions of the binary system of attribution as it considers the process of forming different genders in the social world.

Author : M.J. McNamee,S.J. Parry
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2002-09-11
Category : Sports & Recreation
ISBN : 9781135815943

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Ethics and Sport by M.J. McNamee,S.J. Parry Pdf

The issues surrounding ethical controversies in sport are often touched on in the popular media. This book by leading international scholars in philosophy and the philosophy of sport provides systematic treatment of the ethics of sport from a range of perspectives. Part one includes essays which focus on the basis of sport as an activity that is inherently ethical. Part two concerns the nature of the oft-heard but seldom-clarified notion of fair play. Three essays are included which articulate substantively different interpretations of the concept all of which have different allegiances in ethical theory and practical consequences. Part three deals with ethical questions in physical education and coaching, and Part four, on contemporary issues, includes essays which focus on topics such as violence, conflict and deception. This book is accessible to a wide range of teachers and students in the field of sport and leisure studies. Contributions from international, highly regarded experts in the field to provide the reader with the systematic treatment of the ethics in sport from a diverse perspective.

Author : Christoph Niemann
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 13 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2022-02-07
Category : Sports & Recreation
ISBN : 9783346585837

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Construction of Gender by Christoph Niemann Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Health - Sports science, grade: 1,0, University of Münster, language: English, abstract: In the context of this thesis the topic of the gender construction is taken up. Subject areas of the social and natural sciences try to find the causes of the gender-specific differences with the aid of various theories. At first, an analysis of the relationship between society, gender and sport should make it clear how the social subsystem Sport was influenced and structured by everyday theory. Using the example of the controversial phenomenon of sex tests in sport, it should be shown that the gender of a person cannot be measured using biological-medical criteria only. This thesis is contrary to the widespread opinion in medicine and biology that sex can be clearly determined based on five criteria. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the procedure and basics of gender testing should be created by summarizing these criteria. In a second step, it is shown that it is possible by a social-scientific point of view to question hypotheses of a purely biological, pre-social nature of man. A basic insight is that the society in which we live is a result of our own actions. At first glance, the question of a person’s gender acts as if the answer is obvious. Gender is one of the central structural principles of our society. The population consists of women and men, girls and boys. There is a social system of the two sexes and sex seems to be given by nature. In everyday life it is associated with the idea of a recognizable and invariable distinction between woman and man. This is closely linked to the assumption of gender polarity. Thus, there are assumptions of different characteristics and behaviors, as well as a natural gender hierarchy and performance. Girls play with dolls, put on make-up, wear pink clothes and are especially tender and sensitive. Boys, however, are ambitious and self-reliant, playing with toy cars and crafts. But the fact that this societal system received such great social significance for the two sexes is not based solely on the natural conditions. Rather, it is a social order that has developed in our society since the eighteenth century and has been proven by biology and medicine since the nineteenth century. An understanding was developed by supposedly scientifically precise facts of the natural sexual characteristics of women and men.

Author : Kathryn E. Henne
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-17
Category : Sports & Recreation
ISBN : 9780813575568

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Testing for Athlete Citizenship by Kathryn E. Henne Pdf

Incidents of doping in sports are common in news headlines, despite regulatory efforts. How did doping become a crisis? What does a doping violation actually entail? Who gets punished for breaking the rules of fair play? In Testing for Athlete Citizenship, Kathryn E. Henne, a former competitive athlete and an expert in the law and science of anti-doping regulations, examines the development of rules aimed at controlling performance enhancement in international sports. As international and celebrated figures, athletes are powerful symbols, yet few spectators realize that a global regulatory network is in place in an attempt to ensure ideals of fair play. The athletes caught and punished for doping are not always the ones using performance-enhancing drugs to cheat. In the case of female athletes, violations of fair play can stem from their inherent biological traits. Combining historical and ethnographic approaches, Testing for Athlete Citizenship offers a compelling account of the origins and expansion of anti-doping regulation and gender-verification rules. Drawing on research conducted in Australasia, Europe, and North America, Henne provides a detailed account of how race, gender, class, and postcolonial formations of power shape these ideas and regulatory practices. Testing for Athlete Citizenship makes a convincing case to rethink the power of regulation in sports and how it separates athletes as a distinct class of citizens subject to a unique set of rules because of their physical attributes and abilities.

Author : Eric Anderson,Ann Travers
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-06-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781315304267

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Transgender Athletes in Competitive Sport by Eric Anderson,Ann Travers Pdf

While efforts to include gay and lesbian athletes in competitive sport have received significant attention, it is only recently that we have begun examining the experiences of transgender athletes in competitive sport. This book represents the first comprehensive study of the challenges that transgender athletes face in competitive sport; and the challenges they pose for this sex-segregated institution. Beginning with a discussion of the historical role that sport has played in preserving sex as a binary, the book examines how gender has been policed by policymakers within competitive athletics. It also considers how transgender athletes are treated by a system predicated on separating males from females, consequently forcing transgender athletes to negotiate the system in coercive ways. The book not only exposes our culture’s binary thinking in terms of both sex and gender, but also offers a series of thought-provoking and sometimes contradictory recommendations for how to make sport more hospitable, inclusive and equitable. Transgender Athletes in Competitive Sport is important reading for all students and scholars of the sociology of sport with an interest in the relationship between sport and gender, politics, identity and ethics.

Author : Sonja Erikainen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000766035

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Gender Verification and the Making of the Female Body in Sport by Sonja Erikainen Pdf

This book critically explores the history of gender verification in international sport, to show how culture, politics, and science come together to produce "femaleness" and, consequently, the female body as we know it. Tracing gender verification policies and practices in sport since the 1930s till the present, the book shows how and why medical "sex tests" have been used to "verify" women athletes’ femaleness, in ways that both reflect and have shaped broader social and scientific ideas about femaleness in the process. Exploring how geopolitics, gender, class and race relations intertwined with scientific ideas about femaleness and womanhood to shape gender verification, the book shows how sports competitions became a battleground where new and old ideas about sex difference collided. By mapping the social, historical, and material instability of sex and gender, it shows why so much investment has been placed in distinguishing femaleness from maleness in sport and beyond. The book will be of interest to researchers, later-year undergraduate and graduate students in a broad range of areas including gender studies, sports studies, social and historical studies of science and medicine. It will also be relevant to sports policy as it historically and conceptually contextualises gender verification policies.

Author : Joanna Harper
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2019-12-11
Category : Sports & Recreation
ISBN : 9781538112977

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Sporting Gender by Joanna Harper Pdf

The 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games are likely to feature the first transgender athlete, a topic that will be highly contentious during the competition. But transgender and intersex athletes such as Laurel Hubbard, Tifanny Abreu, and Caster Semenya didn’t just turn up overnight. Both intersex and transgender athletes have been newsworthy stories for decades. In Sporting Gender: The History, Science, and Stories of Transgender and Intersex Athletes, Joanna Harper provides an in-depth examination of why gender diverse athletes are so controversial. She not only delves into the history of these athletes and their personal stories, but also explains in a highly accessible manner the science behind their gender diversity and why the science is important for regulatory committees—and the general public—to consider when evaluating sports performance. Sporting Gender gives the reader a perspective that is both broad in scope and yet detailed enough to grasp the nuances that are central in understanding the controversies over intersex and transgender athletes. Featuring personal investigations from the author, who has had first-person access to some of the most significant recent developments in this complex arena, this book provides fascinating insight into sex, gender, and sports.

Author : Barbara L. Drinkwater
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 680 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780470756850

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Women in Sport by Barbara L. Drinkwater Pdf

The participation of women in sports, whether it be professional or amateur, has increased dramatically over the past 20 years. The anatomy and physiology of the female athlete is unique and it is these aspects which are covered in this new volume in the Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine. Women in Sport provides and invaluable reference for those who deal with sportswomen of all abilities, both on a clinical and research level.

Author : Jaime Schultz
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-03-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780252095962

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Qualifying Times by Jaime Schultz Pdf

This perceptive, lively study explores U.S. women's sport through historical "points of change": particular products or trends that dramatically influenced both women's participation in sport and cultural responses to women athletes. Beginning with the seemingly innocent ponytail, the subject of the Introduction, scholar Jaime Schultz challenges the reader to look at the historical and sociological significance of now-common items such as sports bras and tampons and ideas such as sex testing and competitive cheerleading. Tennis wear, tampons, and sports bras all facilitated women’s participation in physical culture, while physical educators, the aesthetic fitness movement, and Title IX encouraged women to challenge (or confront) policy, financial, and cultural obstacles. While some of these points of change increased women's physical freedom and sporting participation, they also posed challenges. Tampons encouraged menstrual shame, sex testing (a tool never used with male athletes) perpetuated narrowly-defined cultural norms of femininity, and the late-twentieth-century aesthetic fitness movement fed into an unrealistic beauty ideal. Ultimately, Schultz finds that U.S. women's sport has progressed significantly but ambivalently. Although participation in sports is no longer uncommon for girls and women, Schultz argues that these "points of change" have contributed to a complex matrix of gender differentiation that marks the female athletic body as different than--as less than--the male body, despite the advantages it may confer.

Author : H. Lenskyj,S. Wagg
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2012-04-11
Category : Sports & Recreation
ISBN : 0230246532

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The Palgrave Handbook of Olympic Studies by H. Lenskyj,S. Wagg Pdf

A comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference collection, bringing together an authoritative and international line-up of scholars to examine key social and political issues related to the Olympics. An essential, 'one-stop' volume for a wide range of academics, students and researchers.

Author : Vikki Krane
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351629348

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Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Sport by Vikki Krane Pdf

Diverse sex, gender, and sexual identities historically have been pushed to the margins in sport. While there is more visibility and inclusion for LGBTIQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer) people in sport today than in the past, there still exists bigotry and marginalization. In this book, Vikki Krane and a team of leading sport scholars critically assess what we know about sex, gender, and sexuality in sport; expose areas in need of further inquiry; and offer new avenues for theory, research, and practice. Drawing on cultural studies perspectives, and with social justice at the heart of every chapter, the book discusses theory, policy, practice, and the experiences of LGBTIQ people in sport. Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Sport is an important read for undergraduate and postgraduate students in any class with content on LGBTIQ people in sport, but particularly for those studying sport and gender, sexuality and sport, LGBT studies, psychology of gender, contemporary issues in sport, sociology of gender, and sport and higher education. It is also a vital resource for scholars who conduct research in the area of LGBTIQ people in sport.