Global Climate Change And Cold Regions Ecosystems

Author : John M. Kimble
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2000-06-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1566704596

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Global Climate Change and Cold Regions Ecosystems by John M. Kimble Pdf

Global Climate Change and Cold Regions Ecosystems provides information on soil processes and the carbon cycle in cold ecoregions as well as the soil carbon pool and its fluxes in the soils of cold ecoregions. Filling a void in this area of soil science, this resource explains soil processes influencing C dynamics under natural and disturbed ecosystems. The soils of the cold region ecosystems serve as a net sink of atmospheric C. However, an increase in global temperature could render them a net source. In the event of global warming, the cold regions ecosystems-arctic, sub-arctic, alpine, Antarctic, boreal forests, and peatlands-will undergo radical changes. Potential environmental change could drastically increase the active soil layer and influence the large C pool found in them. Topics include: soil C pools in different cold ecoregions, the impact of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the soil C pool, the method of assessment of C and other properties of soils of the cold regions ecosytems while focusing on the fate of C in permafrost soils. Global Climate Change and Cold Regions Ecosystems covers the current and possible future effects of the cold ecoregions soil C pool on the global carbon pool.

Author : Hans J. De Boeck,Erika Hiltbrunner,Anke Jentsch,Vigdis Vandvik
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 165 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889458776

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Responses to Climate Change in the Cold Biomes by Hans J. De Boeck,Erika Hiltbrunner,Anke Jentsch,Vigdis Vandvik Pdf

Climate change is thought to be especially relevant to ecosystems in the cold biomes. Observed warming has been higher in cold climates through various positive feedbacks, especially declining snow and ice cover, and climate projections indicate further rapid warming in the decades to come. Temperature change can have profound impacts in cold biome ecosystems, either directly in terms of impacts on physiology or growing season length, or indirectly via changes in nutrient cycling. The regions focused on here are the (sub)arctic and the (sub)alpine areas, both characterized by short growing seasons and low annual temperatures, but with different radiation environments depending on latitude. Climate change can have impacts in all seasons. Increased spring temperatures can accelerate snowmelt, leading to an earlier onset of the growing season, while warmer summers may stimulate primary productivity through temperatures closer to metabolic optima and/or increased mineralization rates. Winter warming can lead to the vegetation being damaged because of exposure to harsh frost without insulating snow cover. In all of this, concurrent changes in precipitation also play an important role: increased snowfall can buffer warming-induced advances in snowmelt, a higher ratio of rain to snow can greatly accelerate snowmelt in winter and spring, and summer drought may reverse growth-stimulation by warming directly (drought stress) or indirectly (e.g. impaired nutrient uptake). Micro-climate is crucial in these systems and requires particular attention as it can vary widely across the landscape, creating different growing environments in the space of a few meters or even less. Interest in cold region responses to climate change does not only arise from the fact that they harbor unique ecosystems that may be endangered, but also because they store large amounts of carbon that may be released under climate change. However, research is challenging because of the remoteness of many of these areas and the harsh conditions during much of the year. In spite of this, some studies have been carried out over an extensive period, spanning decades and yielding information on for example plant community reorganization (including invasions), and changes in phenology above- and/or belowground. Other studies focus on shorter term effects, such as impacts of heat waves, late frosts or other anomalous weather, including longer term (after-) effects that may differ drastically from other regions because of the short growing season in cold climates. Ultimately, models are used to predict future changes in vegetation along latitudinal or elevational gradients, although phenology and microclimatic variation may pose particular challenges. Contributions to this Research Topic focus on climate change, encompassing both changes in the mean (gradual warming) and variability (heat waves, altered precipitation distribution) in cold biomes. The Topic contains reports on observed changes or events, but also research making use of experimentally imposed environmental changes. The focus is varied, including phenology, physiology, soil and vegetation science and biogeochemistry, with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of observed and expected responses to climate change in cold biome ecosystems.

Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II.
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521634555

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The Regional Impacts of Climate Change by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II. Pdf

Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Author : Julie Kerr Casper
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Biotic communities
ISBN : 9781438127392

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Changing Ecosystems by Julie Kerr Casper Pdf

Take a provocative look at how human activities affect the distribution of species and their critical habitats, increase the occurrence of severe weather and droughts, contribute to rising sea levels, and instigate myriad health and quality-of-life issues.

Author : Yeqiao Wang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 605 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-05-19
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780429819346

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Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity by Yeqiao Wang Pdf

Authored by world-class scientists and scholars, The Handbook of Natural Resources, Second Edition, is an excellent reference for understanding the consequences of changing natural resources to the degradation of ecological integrity and the sustainability of life. Based on the content of the bestselling and CHOICE-awarded Encyclopedia of Natural Resources, this new edition demonstrates the major challenges that the society is facing for the sustainability of all well-being on the planet Earth. The experience, evidence, methods, and models used in studying natural resources are presented in six stand-alone volumes, arranged along the main systems of land, water, and air. It reviews state-of-the-art knowledge, highlights advances made in different areas, and provides guidance for the appropriate use of remote sensing and geospatial data with field-based measurements in the study of natural resources. Volume 1, Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity, provides fundamental information on terrestrial ecosystems, approaches to monitoring, and impacts of climate change on natural vegetation and forests. New to this edition are discussions on biodiversity conservation, gross and net primary production, soil microbiology, land surface phenology, and decision support systems. This volume demonstrates the key processes, methods, and models used through many case studies from around the world. Written in an easy-to-reference manner, The Handbook of Natural Resources, Second Edition, as individual volumes or as a complete set, is an essential reading for anyone looking for a deeper understanding of the science and management of natural resources. Public and private libraries, educational and research institutions, scientists, scholars, and resource managers will benefit enormously from this set. Individual volumes and chapters can also be used in a wide variety of both graduate and undergraduate courses in environmental science and natural science at different levels and disciplines, such as biology, geography, earth system science, and ecology.

Author : Walter C. Oechel,Terry Callaghan,Tagir Gilmanov,Jarle I. Holten,Barrie Maxwell,Ulf Molau,Bjartmar Sveinbjörnsson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461222408

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Global Change and Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems by Walter C. Oechel,Terry Callaghan,Tagir Gilmanov,Jarle I. Holten,Barrie Maxwell,Ulf Molau,Bjartmar Sveinbjörnsson Pdf

Global warming is likely to have the greatest impact at high latitudes, making the Arctic an important region both for detecting global climate change and for studying its effects on terrestrial ecosystems. The chapters in this volume address current and anticipated impacts of global climate change on Arctic organisms, populations, ecosystem structure and function, biological diversity, and the atmosphere.

Author : F. Stuart Chapin III,Robert L. Jefferies,James F. Reynolds,Gaius R. Shaver,Josef Svoboda,Ellen W. Chu
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323138420

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Arctic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate by F. Stuart Chapin III,Robert L. Jefferies,James F. Reynolds,Gaius R. Shaver,Josef Svoboda,Ellen W. Chu Pdf

The arctic region is predicted to experience the earliest and most pronounced global warming response to human-induced climatic change. This book synthesizes information on the physiological ecology of arctic plants, discusses how physiological processes influence ecosystem processes, and explores how climate warming will affect arctic plants, plant communities, and ecosystem processes. Reviews the physiological ecology of arctic plants Explores biotic controls over community and ecosystems processes Provides physiological bases for predicting how the Arctic will respond to global climate change

Author : Andrew J Hansen,William B Monahan,S. Thomas Olliff,David M. Theobald
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2016-06-07
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781610917124

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Climate Change in Wildlands by Andrew J Hansen,William B Monahan,S. Thomas Olliff,David M. Theobald Pdf

Scientists have been warning for years that human activity is heating up the planet and climate change is under way. We are only just beginning to acknowledge the serious effects this will have on all life on Earth. The federal government is crafting broad-scale strategies to protect wildland ecosystems from the worst effects of climate change. One of the greatest challenges is to get the latest science into the hands of resource managers entrusted with vulnerable wildland ecosystems. This book examines climate and land-use changes in montane environments, assesses the vulnerability of species and ecosystems to these changes, and provides resource managers with collaborative management approaches to mitigate expected impacts. Climate Change in Wildlands proposes a new kind of collaboration between scientists and managers--a science-derived framework and common-sense approaches for keeping parks and protected areas healthy on a rapidly changing planet.

Author : John Kimble
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 748 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2004-05-12
Category : Nature
ISBN : 3540207511

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Cryosols by John Kimble Pdf

Cryosols – permafrost – occupy a unique part of the earth and have properties greatly different from other soils. They also occur where the greatest impact of global warming is predicted. This is the first book bring together the leading researchers in the area of permafrost soils to produce a review of the geography, cryogenic soil forming processes, ecological processes, classification and use of soils that are affected by permafrost.

Author : David Murray Gates
Publisher : Sinauer Associates, Incorporated
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : UCSD:31822016273294

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Climate Change and Its Biological Consequences by David Murray Gates Pdf

Describes the forces that shape the earth's climate and how climate change, particularly greenhouse warming, may impact ecosystems and agriculture. Past climates and past ecosystem changes are reviewed in order to best understand the future. Scientists are predicting a 3 C increase in the Earth's climate within 75 to 100 years. This rate of temperature change and the warmer conditions will stress many organisms and probably realign some ecosystems. Special events, such as El Nino and the stratospheric ozone hole, are significant features of global change considered.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Ecological Impacts of Climate Change
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2008-12-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309127103

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Ecological Impacts of Climate Change by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Ecological Impacts of Climate Change Pdf

The world's climate is changing, and it will continue to change throughout the 21st century and beyond. Rising temperatures, new precipitation patterns, and other changes are already affecting many aspects of human society and the natural world. In this book, the National Research Council provides a broad overview of the ecological impacts of climate change, and a series of examples of impacts of different kinds. The book was written as a basis for a forthcoming illustrated booklet, designed to provide the public with accurate scientific information on this important subject.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee for the Workshop on Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309210874

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Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee for the Workshop on Frontiers in Understanding Climate Change and Polar Ecosystems Pdf

The polar regions are experiencing rapid changes in climate. These changes are causing observable ecological impacts of various types and degrees of severity at all ecosystem levels, including society. Even larger changes and more significant impacts are anticipated. As species respond to changing environments over time, their interactions with the physical world and other organisms can also change. This chain of interactions can trigger cascades of impacts throughout entire ecosystems. Evaluating the interrelated physical, chemical, biological, and societal components of polar ecosystems is essential to understanding their vulnerability and resilience to climate forcing. The Polar Research Board (PRB) organized a workshop to address these issues. Experts gathered from a variety of disciplines with knowledge of both the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Participants were challenged to consider what is currently known about climate change and polar ecosystems and to identify the next big questions in the field. A set of interdisciplinary "frontier questions" emerged from the workshop discussions as important topics to be addressed in the coming decades. To begin to address these questions, workshop participants discussed the need for holistic, interdisciplinary systems approach to understanding polar ecosystem responses to climate change. As an outcome of the workshop, participants brainstormed methods and technologies that are crucial to advance the understanding of polar ecosystems and to promote the next generation of polar research. These include new and emerging technologies, sustained long-term observations, data synthesis and management, and data dissemination and outreach.

Author : Chenghai Wang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2023-02-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119702658

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Climatology in Cold Regions by Chenghai Wang Pdf

Climatology in Cold Regions A groundbreaking interdisciplinary study of cold-region weather systems and their vital role in predicting climate change across the globe Climatology in Cold Regions explores the complexities of land−atmospheric interaction across the Earth’s cryosphere, systematically placing soil thawing, snow melting, surface diabatic heating, and other processes within the context of broader climatological models. Drawing from a wealth of new data, leading atmospheric scientist Chenghai Wang illustrates how cold-region weather systems can be parameterized to improve seasonal climate prediction and provide crucial insights into projected changes in climate over the next 50-100 years. The book opens with an introduction to the characteristics and classification of cold-region climatology, followed by a detailed description of the primary weather systems and land surface processes in cold regions. The core of the book presents a new approach for seasonal climate prediction using signals obtained from cryospheric processes, supported by a discussion of climate disasters and the impact of climate change on the ecology of cold regions. Introduces a new way of modeling climate in cold regions Offers novel approaches for assessing climate signals from cold regions in seasonal and sub-seasonal predictions Presents new data on the role of cold-region climatology in forecasting and driving global temperature changes Discusses the role of cold regions as the main source of global freshwater supply A significant contribution to climate research and beyond, Climatology in Cold Regions is essential reading for students, scientists, and researchers in the atmospheric sciences, meteorology, ecology, hydrology, and Earth sciences.

Author : M. Boer,Eduard A. Koster
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Biotic communities
ISBN : UCSD:31822016459489

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Greenhouse-impact on Cold-climate Ecosystems and Landscapes by M. Boer,Eduard A. Koster Pdf

Author : Martin Kernan,Richard W. Battarbee,Brian R. Moss
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2011-02-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781444391275

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Climate Change Impacts on Freshwater Ecosystems by Martin Kernan,Richard W. Battarbee,Brian R. Moss Pdf

This text examines the impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems, past, present and future. It especially considers the interactions between climate change and other drivers of change including hydromorphological modification, nutrient loading, acid deposition and contamination by toxic substances using evidence from palaeolimnology, time-series analysis, space-for-time substitution, laboratory and field experiments and process modelling. The book evaluates these processes in relation to extreme events, seasonal changes in ecosystems, trends over decadal-scale time periods, mitigation strategies and ecosystem recovery. The book is also concerned with how aspects of hydrophysical, hydrochemical and ecological change can be used as early indicators of climate change in aquatic ecosystems and it addresses the implications of future climate change for freshwater ecosystem management at the catchment scale. This is an ideal book for the scientific research community, but is also accessible to Masters and senior undergraduate students.