A Survey Of Attitudes And Actions On Dual Use Research In The Life Sciences

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A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education
A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2009-08-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309125109

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A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences by American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education Pdf

The same technologies that fuel scientific advances also pose potential risks-that the knowledge, tools, and techniques gained through legitimate biotechnology research could be misused to create biological weapons or for bioterrorism. This is often called the dual use dilemma of the life sciences. Yet even research with the greatest potential for misuse may offer significant benefits. Determining how to constrain the danger without harming essential scientific research is critical for national security as well as prosperity and well-being. This book discusses a 2007 survey of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) members in the life sciences about their knowledge of dual use issues and attitudes about their responsibilities to help mitigate the risks of misuse of their research. Overall, the results suggest that there may be considerable support for approaches to oversight that rely on measures that are developed and implemented by the scientific community itself. The responses also suggest that there is a need to clarify the scope of research activities of concern and to provide guidance about what actions scientists can take to reduce the risk that their research will be misused by those with malicious intent.

Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

National Academy Staff,National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education,American Association for the Advancement of Science
Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : National Academy Staff,National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education,American Association for the Advancement of Science
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2009-12-01
Category : Biology
ISBN : 0309131405

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Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences by National Academy Staff,National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education,American Association for the Advancement of Science Pdf

"The same technologies that fuel scientific advances also pose potential risks--that the knowledge, tools, and techniques gained through legitimate biotechnology research could be misused to create biological weapons or for bioterrorism. This is often called the dual use dilemma of the life sciences. Yet even research with the greatest potential for misuse may offer significant benefits. Determining how to constrain the danger without harming essential scientific research is critical for national security as well as prosperity and well-being. This book discusses a 2007 survey of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) members in the life sciences about their knowledge of dual use issues and attitudes about their responsibilities to help mitigate the risks of misuse of their research. Overall, the results suggest that there may be considerable support for approaches to oversight that rely on measures that are developed and implemented by the scientific community itself. The responses also suggest that there is a need to clarify the scope of research activities of concern and to provide guidance about what actions scientists can take to reduce the risk that their research will be misused by those with malicious intent."--Publisher's description.

Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management
Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309458887

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Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management Pdf

The potential misuse of advances in life sciences research is raising concerns about national security threats. Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences: Current Issues and Controversies examines the U.S. strategy for reducing biosecurity risks in life sciences research and considers mechanisms that would allow researchers to manage the dissemination of the results of research while mitigating the potential for harm to national security.

Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences
Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309477994

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Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences Pdf

Continuing advances in science and technology offer the promise of providing tools to meet global challenges in health, agriculture, the environment, and economic development; some of the benefits are already being realized. However, such advances have the potential to challenge the oversight systems for responsible conduct of life sciences research with dual use potential â€" research that may have beneficial applications but that also could be misused to cause harm. Between June 10 and 13, 2018, more than 70 participants from 30 different countries and 5 international organizations took part in an international workshop, The Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences: Advancing Global Consensus on Research Oversight, to promote global dialogue and increased common understandings of the essential elements of governance for such research. Hosted by the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb, Croatia, the workshop was a collaboration among the InterAcademy Partnership, the Croatian Academy, the Croatian Society for Biosafety and Biosecurity, and the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education
A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2009-07-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309141802

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A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences by American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education Pdf

The same technologies that fuel scientific advances also pose potential risks-that the knowledge, tools, and techniques gained through legitimate biotechnology research could be misused to create biological weapons or for bioterrorism. This is often called the dual use dilemma of the life sciences. Yet even research with the greatest potential for misuse may offer significant benefits. Determining how to constrain the danger without harming essential scientific research is critical for national security as well as prosperity and well-being. This book discusses a 2007 survey of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) members in the life sciences about their knowledge of dual use issues and attitudes about their responsibilities to help mitigate the risks of misuse of their research. Overall, the results suggest that there may be considerable support for approaches to oversight that rely on measures that are developed and implemented by the scientific community itself. The responses also suggest that there is a need to clarify the scope of research activities of concern and to provide guidance about what actions scientists can take to reduce the risk that their research will be misused by those with malicious intent.

Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology
Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309465182

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Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology Pdf

Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers to concepts, approaches, and tools that enable the modification or creation of biological organisms, is being pursued overwhelmingly for beneficial purposes ranging from reducing the burden of disease to improving agricultural yields to remediating pollution. Although the contributions synthetic biology can make in these and other areas hold great promise, it is also possible to imagine malicious uses that could threaten U.S. citizens and military personnel. Making informed decisions about how to address such concerns requires a realistic assessment of the capabilities that could be misused. Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology explores and envisions potential misuses of synthetic biology. This report develops a framework to guide an assessment of the security concerns related to advances in synthetic biology, assesses the levels of concern warranted for such advances, and identifies options that could help mitigate those concerns.

Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management
Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309458917

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Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management Pdf

The potential misuse of advances in life sciences research is raising concerns about national security threats. Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences: Current Issues and Controversies examines the U.S. strategy for reducing biosecurity risks in life sciences research and considers mechanisms that would allow researchers to manage the dissemination of the results of research while mitigating the potential for harm to national security.

Education and Ethics in the Life Sciences

Brian Rappert
Education and Ethics in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : Brian Rappert
Publisher : ANU E Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2010-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781921666391

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Education and Ethics in the Life Sciences by Brian Rappert Pdf

At the start of the twenty-first century, warnings have been raised in some quarters about how - by intent or by mishap - advances in biotechnology and related fields could aid the spread of disease. Science academics, medical organisations, governments, security analysts, and others are among those that have sought to raise concern. EDUCATION AND ETHICS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES examines a variety of attempts to bring greater awareness to security concerns associated with the life sciences. It identifies lessons from practical initiatives across a wide range of national contexts as well as more general reflections about education and ethics. The eighteen contributors bring together perspectives from a diverse range of fields - including politics, virology, sociology, ethics, security studies, microbiology, and medicine - as well as their experiences in universities, think tanks and government. In offering their assessment about what must be done and by whom, each chapter addresses a host of challenging practical and conceptual questions. EDUCATION AND ETHICS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES will be of interest to those planning and undertaking training activities in other areas. In asking how education and ethics are being made to matter in an emerging area of social unease, it will also be of interest to those with more general concerns about professional conduct.

On the Dual Uses of Science and Ethics

Michael J. Selgelid,Brian Rappert
On the Dual Uses of Science and Ethics Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Selgelid,Brian Rappert
Publisher : ANU E Press
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781925021349

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On the Dual Uses of Science and Ethics by Michael J. Selgelid,Brian Rappert Pdf

Claims about the transformations enabled by modern science and medicine have been accompanied by an unsettling question in recent years: might the knowledge being produced undermine – rather than further – human and animal well being? On the Dual Uses of Science and Ethics examines the potential for the skills, know-how, information, and techniques associated with modern biology to serve contrasting ends. In recognition of the moral ambiguity of science and technology, each chapter considers steps that might be undertaken to prevent the deliberate spread of disease. Central to achieving this aim is the consideration of what role ethics might serve. To date, the ethical analysis of the themes of this volume has been limited. This book remedies this situation by bringing together contributors from a broad range of backgrounds to address a highly important ethical issue confronting humanity during the 21st century.

Reproducibility and Replicability in Science

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science
Reproducibility and Replicability in Science Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309486163

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Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science Pdf

One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.

Social Science Research

Anol Bhattacherjee
Social Science Research Book PDF

Author : Anol Bhattacherjee
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 1475146124

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Social Science Research by Anol Bhattacherjee Pdf

This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages.

Science Literacy

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Science Education,Committee on Science Literacy and Public Perception of Science
Science Literacy Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Science Education,Committee on Science Literacy and Public Perception of Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-14
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309447560

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Science Literacy by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Science Education,Committee on Science Literacy and Public Perception of Science Pdf

Science is a way of knowing about the world. At once a process, a product, and an institution, science enables people to both engage in the construction of new knowledge as well as use information to achieve desired ends. Access to scienceâ€"whether using knowledge or creating itâ€"necessitates some level of familiarity with the enterprise and practice of science: we refer to this as science literacy. Science literacy is desirable not only for individuals, but also for the health and well- being of communities and society. More than just basic knowledge of science facts, contemporary definitions of science literacy have expanded to include understandings of scientific processes and practices, familiarity with how science and scientists work, a capacity to weigh and evaluate the products of science, and an ability to engage in civic decisions about the value of science. Although science literacy has traditionally been seen as the responsibility of individuals, individuals are nested within communities that are nested within societiesâ€"and, as a result, individual science literacy is limited or enhanced by the circumstances of that nesting. Science Literacy studies the role of science literacy in public support of science. This report synthesizes the available research literature on science literacy, makes recommendations on the need to improve the understanding of science and scientific research in the United States, and considers the relationship between scientific literacy and support for and use of science and research.

Neuroscience and the Problem of Dual Use

Malcolm R. Dando
Neuroscience and the Problem of Dual Use Book PDF

Author : Malcolm R. Dando
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030537906

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Neuroscience and the Problem of Dual Use by Malcolm R. Dando Pdf

This book discusses recent brain research and the potentially dangerous dual-use applications of the findings of these research projects. The book is divided into three sections: Part I examines the rise in dual-use concerns within various state’s chemical and biological non-proliferation regime’s during this century, as well as the rapid technologically driven advances in neuroscience and the associated possible misuse considerations in the same period. Part II reviews the brain research projects in the EU, USA, Japan, China and several other countries with regard to their objectives, achievements and measures to deal with the problem of dual-use. Part III assesses the extent to which the results of this civil neuroscience work, which is intended to be benign, are being, and could be protected against future hostile applications in the development of novel chemical and biological weapons.

Innovation, Dual Use, and Security

Jonathan B. Tucker
Innovation Dual Use and Security Book PDF

Author : Jonathan B. Tucker
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-03-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780262516969

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Innovation, Dual Use, and Security by Jonathan B. Tucker Pdf

A framework for assessing the security risks of emerging dual-use technologies and devising tailored governance strategies is proposed and applied to contemporary case studies. Recent advances in disciplines such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, and neuropharmacology entail a “dual-use dilemma” because they promise benefits for human health and welfare yet pose the risk of misuse for hostile purposes. The emerging field of synthetic genomics, for example, can produce custom DNA molecules for life-saving drugs but also makes possible the creation of deadly viral agents for biological warfare or terrorism. The challenge for policymakers is to prevent the misuse of these new technologies without forgoing their benefits. Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a systematic approach for managing the dual-use dilemma. The book presents a “decision framework” for assessing the security risks of emerging technologies and fashioning governance strategies to manage those risks. This framework is applied to fourteen contemporary case studies, including synthetic genomics, DNA shuffling and directed evolution, combinatorial chemistry, protein engineering, immunological modulation, and aerosol vaccines. The book also draws useful lessons from two historical cases: the development of the V-series nerve agents in Britain and the use and misuse of LSD by the U.S. Army and the CIA. Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a comprehensive, multifaceted introduction to the challenges of governing dual-use technologies in an era of rapid innovation. The book will be of interest to government officials and other practitioners as well as to students and scholars in security studies, science and technology studies, biology, and chemistry.

Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences

National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats
Globalization Biosecurity and the Future of the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2006-06-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309164757

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Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Advances in Technology and the Prevention of Their Application to Next Generation Biowarfare Threats Pdf

Biomedical advances have made it possible to identify and manipulate features of living organisms in useful ways-leading to improvements in public health, agriculture, and other areas. The globalization of scientific and technical expertise also means that many scientists and other individuals around the world are generating breakthroughs in the life sciences and related technologies. The risks posed by bioterrorism and the proliferation of biological weapons capabilities have increased concern about how the rapid advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology could enable the production of biological weapons with unique and unpredictable characteristics. Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of Life Sciences examines current trends and future objectives of research in public health, life sciences, and biomedical science that contain applications relevant to developments in biological weapons 5 to 10 years into the future and ways to anticipate, identify, and mitigate these dangers.