Human Caspases And Neuronal Apoptosis In Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Human Caspases and Neuronal Apoptosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Anil Gupta
Human Caspases and Neuronal Apoptosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases Book PDF

Author : Anil Gupta
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2021-12-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128204436

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Human Caspases and Neuronal Apoptosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Anil Gupta Pdf

Human Caspases and Neuronal Apoptosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases elucidates elaborately the role of caspase enzymes implicated in the initiation of molecular events leading to neuronal apoptosis in the neurodegenerative disease. The book starts with introduction to neuropathology, neurogenetics, and epidemiology of neurodegenerative disease and illustrates the involvement of human caspases, neuronal apoptosis, apoptotic pathways, genetic polymorphisms, and several other factors and underlying mechanisms in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. An important focus in all chapters is the intricate mechanisms and interplay that occur during or leading to neuron death in neurodegenerative diseases, along with disease pathobiology. Provides in-depth knowledge about neurotoxic potential of transition metals, impaired mitochondrial dynamics in the brain neurons, mutant proteins Aß peptide, tau protein, a-synuclein, huntingtin protein and formation of Lewy bodies, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, ubiquitin proteasome dysregulation, and many others in neurodegenerative diseases Elucidates neurogenetics of gene APP, gene PSEN1, gene APOE, gene LRRK2, gene DJ1, and others in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases Explains caspases-mediated neuronal apoptosis in pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease covering amyloidogenesis, caspase-activated DNase, rho-associated coiled coil–containing protein kinase 1, mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1, role of synaptic loss, microglial TREM2 receptor, microglial LRP1 receptor, microglial advanced glycation end-product receptor, astrocytic glial a 7 subtypes of nAChR, NLRP3 inflammasome, P2X purinoreceptors, miRNAs, and many other factors Demonstrates the role of caspases and apoptosis in Parkinson’s disease covering truncation of a-synuclein, neuroinflammation, parkin protein, activation of microglial cells, extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis, ?tau314, and several other factors Explains etiopathogenesis of Huntington’s disease through covering clinically important topics as role of exon 1 HTT protein, ubiquitous nature of huntingtin, length of expanded polyglutamine tract, classically and alternately activated microglia, nuclear factor kappa B, kynurenine signaling pathway, tumor suppressor protein, PGC-1a gene, advanced glycation end-products, autophagy, and many other significant topics

Neuronal Death by Accident or by Design

C.E. Henderson,D. Green,J. Mariani,Y. Christen
Neuronal Death by Accident or by Design Book PDF

Author : C.E. Henderson,D. Green,J. Mariani,Y. Christen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783662043332

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Neuronal Death by Accident or by Design by C.E. Henderson,D. Green,J. Mariani,Y. Christen Pdf

Four chapters represent the intense current effort to understand the way in which the mitochondrion controls the activation of the final stages of cell death. Another four articles attack the problem from the other side. How do specific insults in particular human or mouse neuro-degenerative diseases translate into mechanisms that will not only allow us to better understand what is happening in these patients but also, with luck, allow for development of more efficient and specific drugs in the future? Firstly, the concept of a central common cell death pathway, originally derived from studies on the nematode, has been an outstanding productive paradigm in bringing together different strands of research. Secondly, truly striking links have been made between results obtained in the culture dish (or even cell-free systems) and the diseased human brain.

Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Mark P. Mattson
Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders Book PDF

Author : Mark P. Mattson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2001-06-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592591060

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Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders by Mark P. Mattson Pdf

As the average life expectancy of many populations throughout the world increases, so to does the incidence of such age-related neurodegenerative disorders as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Rapid advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics and environmental factors that either cause or increase risk for age-related neurodegenerative disor ders have been made in the past decade. The ability to evaluate, at the cellular and molecular level, abnormalities in postmortem brain tissue from patients, when taken together with the development of valuable animal and cell-culture models of neurodegenerative disorders has allowed the identification of sequences of events within neurons that result in their demise in specific neurodegenerative disorders. Though the genetic and environmental factors that pro mote neurodegeneration may differ among disorders, shared biochemical cascades that will ultimately lead to the death of neurons have been identified. These cascades involve oxyradical production, aberrant regulation of cellular ion homeostasis and activation of a stereotyped sequence of events involving mitochondrial dysfunction and activa tion of specific proteases. Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders provides a timely compilation of articles that encompasses fundamental mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, mechanisms that may prevent age-related neurodegenerative disorders are presented. Each chapter is written by an expert in the particular neurodegenerative disorder or mechanism or neuronal death discussed.

Apoptosis Techniques and Protocols

Andréa C. LeBlanc
Apoptosis Techniques and Protocols Book PDF

Author : Andréa C. LeBlanc
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2008-02-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592591886

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Apoptosis Techniques and Protocols by Andréa C. LeBlanc Pdf

In this revised and expanded second edition, seasoned experts describe in step-by-step detail their best state-of-the-art techniques for studying neuronal cell death. These readily reproducible methods solve a wide variety of research problems, including the detection of the key proteins involved in neuronal apoptosis.

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Uday Kishore
Neurodegenerative Diseases Book PDF

Author : Uday Kishore
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 642 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789535110880

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Neurodegenerative Diseases by Uday Kishore Pdf

This book highlights the pathophysiological complexities of the mechanisms and factors that are likely to be involved in a range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, other Dementia, Parkinson Diseases and Multiple Sclerosis. The spectrum of diverse factors involved in neurodegeneration, such as protein aggregation, oxidative stress, caspases and secretase, regulators, cholesterol, zinc, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, etc, have been discussed in the context of disease progression. In addition, novel approaches to therapeutic interventions have also been presented. It is hoped that students, scientists and clinicians shall find this very informative book immensely useful and thought-provoking.

Apoptosis in Health and Disease

Martin Holcik,Eric C. LaCasse,Alex E. MacKenzie,Robert G. Korneluk
Apoptosis in Health and Disease Book PDF

Author : Martin Holcik,Eric C. LaCasse,Alex E. MacKenzie,Robert G. Korneluk
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780521159449

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Apoptosis in Health and Disease by Martin Holcik,Eric C. LaCasse,Alex E. MacKenzie,Robert G. Korneluk Pdf

A 2005 survey of the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of many significant human illnesses and injury states.

Neuronal Cell Death

Laura Lossi,Adalberto Merighi
Neuronal Cell Death Book PDF

Author : Laura Lossi,Adalberto Merighi
Publisher : Humana
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1493944649

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Neuronal Cell Death by Laura Lossi,Adalberto Merighi Pdf

This volume represents a valuable and readily reproducible collection of established and emerging techniques for neuronal cell death research. Conveniently divided into four parts, sections cover a series of techniques for the molecular, structural, functional and genomic characterization of dying neurons, a number of protocols that are of primary interest in neuropathology and in experimental neuropathology, a series of gene engineering techniques to obtain and manipulate neuronal stem cells and progenitors, to prepare HSV-1 vectors for the gene therapy, and to CNS transplantation of bone marrow stem cells, and finally, some very interesting protocols for the study of cell death in non-mammalian models. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Neuronal Cell Death: Methods and Protocols seeks to serve a large audience of scientists that are currently active in the field or are willing to enter such an exciting and still expanding area of neurobiology.

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Death

Irene Ceballos-Picot
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Death Book PDF

Author : Irene Ceballos-Picot
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783662225165

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Death by Irene Ceballos-Picot Pdf

This book examines current knowledge and recent advances in the study of fundamental processes involved in neuronal death, particularly oxidative stress as a causal agent or risk factor. The author presents discussion of oxidative stress in neuronal apoptosis and its role in the neuropathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases exemplified by Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System

Robert Vink,Mihai Nechifor
Magnesium in the Central Nervous System Book PDF

Author : Robert Vink,Mihai Nechifor
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780987073051

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Magnesium in the Central Nervous System by Robert Vink,Mihai Nechifor Pdf

The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

Advances in Research on Neurodegeneration

Y. Mizuno,D.B. Calne,R. Horowski,W. Poewe,P. Riederer,M.B.H. Youdim
Advances in Research on Neurodegeneration Book PDF

Author : Y. Mizuno,D.B. Calne,R. Horowski,W. Poewe,P. Riederer,M.B.H. Youdim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783709162842

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Advances in Research on Neurodegeneration by Y. Mizuno,D.B. Calne,R. Horowski,W. Poewe,P. Riederer,M.B.H. Youdim Pdf

We organized the Seventh International Winter Conference on Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in a small town of Karuizawa in Nagano Prefecture in Japan on January 20 to 22, 1999. Karuizawa is a nice summer as well as winter resort close to the place for winter Olympic game in the year of 1998. Over 40 scientists gathered together and made hot discussion. Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are two major and important neurologic disorders, in which satisfactory neuroprotective and neurorestorative treatment is not available yet. For this purpose, understanding of molecular mechanisms of neuronal cell death in these two disorders is imperative. Recently, pathologic processes common to these two groups of disorders have been identified such as the involvement of inflammatory changes, microglia, cytokines, and apoptosis. We intended to involve scientists working in these two major fields together to participate in hot and fruitful discussion for the understanding of neuronal death and for developing newer methods of treatment. The science is progressing so rapidly today and we are working in a very narrow specialized area. Sometimes, we are ignorant about important discoveries in other fields. This conference was a nice opportunity for scien tists working different areas to meet together and to exchange their experi ence. This volume is the proceedings of this Winter Conference.

Molecular Mechanisms of Dementia

Wilma Wasco,Rudolph Tanzi
Molecular Mechanisms of Dementia Book PDF

Author : Wilma Wasco,Rudolph Tanzi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1996-11-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592594719

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Molecular Mechanisms of Dementia by Wilma Wasco,Rudolph Tanzi Pdf

The past decade has witnessed a revolution in the attempts of scientists to under stand the molecular basis of dementia. Although dementia, as defined by global cogni tive decline involving gradual loss of memory, reasoning, judgment, and orientation, presents most commonly in the form of Alzheimer's disease (AD), an assortment of other less common disorders, such as prion and Pick's disease, can also lead to symp toms that are similar to those observed in patients with AD. The primary goal of Molecular Mechanisms of Dementia is to address the various mechanisms and multi faceted approaches currently being employed to more clearly delineate the etiological and pathogenic events responsible for the onset of dementia. Perhaps the greatest boon to obtaining a clearer understanding of the causes of AD has come from genetic and molecular biological studies carried out over the past decade. At the genetic level, it has become increasingly clear that AD is a heteroge neous disorder that can be broadly classified into two categories. "Late onset" (>60 yr) cases, which account for the vast majority of AD, genetically involve "susceptibility" genes representing risk factors for the disease (e. g. , inheritance of the 84 allele of the Apolipoprotein E gene). In many cases, the susceptibility gene can act as a "modifier" that modulates the pathogenic cascade occurring subsequent to a separate etiological event "initiating" or "causing" the disorder.

Caspase-3

Lunawati L. Bennett
Caspase 3 Book PDF

Author : Lunawati L. Bennett
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1536186104

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Caspase-3 by Lunawati L. Bennett Pdf

"Caspase 3: Structure, Functions and Interactions" is a book designed as an educational resource for researchers and health care providers who want to learn more about caspase 3. Physicians, pharmacists, other health care professionals can benefit from learning about the function of caspase 3 and its role in diseases and possible treatment options of using caspase 3-like compounds. New or seasoned scientists with research interests in caspases can learn novel ideas or interventions using caspase 3. Caspases are a family of enzymes that play an important role in developing normal organ formation and function, maintaining homeostasis, and regulating cell death and inflammation. There are 14 known caspase enzymes in mammals, and 12 present in humans. Each caspase varies in purpose and mechanism of action. Caspase-3 is a key cysteine-aspartic protease that is largely known for its role in executing cell death or apoptosis. There are a total of 8 chapters in the book. Chapter 1 introduces the caspase family, their classification, regulation, and role in apoptosis. Chapter 2 discusses caspase-3 role in causing or preventing diseases such as cardiac, diabetes, and cancer. Chapter 3 highlights the emerging roles of caspase-3 in biological processes beyond cell death. Complex regulatory mechanisms are required to coordinate timely and specific activation of caspase 3. As cancer continues to escalate as a major public health concern, caspase 3 role as the prominent executioner of apoptosis plays a central role as a key cellular protein as discussed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 highlights our understanding on the activation of caspase 3/9 in starfish unfertilized eggs which elucidate the relationship of apoptosis in the vertebrates and nematodes. Chapter 6 discusses the interaction of caspase 3 with apoptotic peptide known as (KLAKLAK)2. Because of the cationic and amphipathic nature of (KLAKLAK)2, this peptide has the unique ability to cause the formation of apoptosome. Chapter 7 identifies caspase 3 role in central nervous system, aging, regeneration of neurons, and in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Chapter 8 discusses biomarker and methods to detect caspase 3, and its interaction with different substrates and compounds. Recent reputable books, journals, monograms, clinical trial results, and hands-on research data are used. This book was written by doctor of philosophy (PhDs) that are doing research in the field of caspase 3. We hope this book become a valuable resource for researchers and others who want to know more about caspase 3 structure, functions and interactions.

Autophagy of the Nervous System

Zhenyu Yue,Charleen T. Chu
Autophagy of the Nervous System Book PDF

Author : Zhenyu Yue,Charleen T. Chu
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789814350440

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Autophagy of the Nervous System by Zhenyu Yue,Charleen T. Chu Pdf

What is autophagy? Why would neurons digest parts of themselves through autophagy? How can autophagy save the lives of cells under some conditions, but act as an accomplice to cell death in others? By what mechanisms are autophagy-related processes dysregulated in neurological diseases, and are there therapeutic strategies to correct or compensate for their dysfunction? This book provides an expert view of major concepts in autophagy research with a focus on autophagy in neurons. Experimental evidence for evolutionarily conserved and specialized regulatory mechanisms for autophagy in the mammalian nervous system will be presented, including recent data on braking mechanisms. Areas of intersection with cell death, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and the endocytic pathway will be reviewed, along with emerging areas of mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) and the autophagic regulation of neuritic/synaptic processes. Advances in delineating mechanisms by which autophagy is involved in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ischemia/hypoxia and lysosomal storage diseases, will be discussed along with current drug development strategies targeting autophagy.

The Aging Mind

National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging
The Aging Mind Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2000-04-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0309172195

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The Aging Mind by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Future Directions for Cognitive Research on Aging Pdf

Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.

Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation

Michael Selzer,Stephanie Clarke,Leonardo Cohen,Gert Kwakkel,Robert Miller
Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation Book PDF

Author : Michael Selzer,Stephanie Clarke,Leonardo Cohen,Gert Kwakkel,Robert Miller
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 693 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781107011670

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Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation by Michael Selzer,Stephanie Clarke,Leonardo Cohen,Gert Kwakkel,Robert Miller Pdf

Volume 1 of the Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation covers the basic sciences relevant to recovery of function following injury to the nervous system.