Improving Access To Finance For India S Rural Poor
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Improving Access to Finance for India's Rural Poor by Priya Basu Pdf
Annotation This book examines the current level and pattern of access to finance for India's rural households, evaluates various approaches for delivering financial services, analyzes what lies behind the lack of adequate financial access, and identifies what it would take to improve access to finance.
Rural Finance. an Unsolvable Question by Tiken Das Pdf
Research Paper from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: -, North Eastern Social Research Centre, language: English, abstract: Access to financial markets is important for poor people. Like all economic agents, low-income households and microenterprise can benefit from credit, saving and insurance services. But financial markets, because of their special features, often serve poor people badly, since poor people often have insufficient traditional forms of collateral such as physical assets to offer. Thus the poor generally excluded from the formal financial institutions and have to depend on informal sector. In India, since the early national plans, successive governments have emphasized the link between improving access to finance and reducing poverty. But the vast majority of India's rural poor still do not have access to either formal finance or microfinance. It was found that credit cooperatives, commercial banks, and other formal financial sector programs in rural areas have not displaced informal sources of credit, altogether. It is assessed that the share of rural informal credit in total outstanding debt has been certainly decreasing over the period from 1950 to 2002 with various financial initiatives of the RBI and legislation of the various state government to regulate moneylenders. However, about two-fifth of the rural household's dependence on informal credit, even today, indicates further scope for financial inclusion in rural areas. According to author financial awareness has to be spread amongst the excluded masses that are illiterate and poor. Financial inclusion and financial literacy are two sides of the equation. Financial inclusion acts from supply side by providing financial markets/services that people demand whereas financial literacy stimulates the demand side by making people aware of what they can demand.
Microcredit and Rural Poverty by M.L. Narasaiah Pdf
The founding of financial institutions in the developing countries, whose target groups are supposed to be poorer people and, in particular, income-generating micro, small-scale and medium-sized enterprises, originated in the industrialized nations. Soon after Western development policy began in the 1950s and 1960s the donors noted that investment in infrastructure was insufficient to achieve growth. Reflecting on the experiences of Europe, state or mixedenterprise development banks were founded in many developing countries with the support of various donors. The banks were to promote industrialization as a subsituation for imports, as well as farming, housing construction and regional development. Their common feature was that they combined the characteristics of a bank and a public authority. On the one hand, they managed loan holdings and handled payment transactions, and one the other they prompted development by non-repayable grants. Since these functions each followed a very different logic, the banks were required to undertake a difficult tightrope walk.
Micro Finance and India's Rural Economy by Sanjay Kanti Das,Sudhansu Kumar Das Pdf
After achieving independence in 1947, the government of India and the Reserve Bank of India have made concerted efforts to provide the poor with access to credit. Despite the phenomenal increase in the physical outreach of formal credit institutions in the past several decades, India's rural poor continue to depend on informal sources of credit. Institutions have also faced difficulties in dealing effectively with a large number of small borrowers, whose credit needs are small and frequent, and their ability to offer collaterals is limited. Cumbersome procedures and risk perceptions of the banks leave a gap in serving the credit needs of the rural poor. It is in this context that micro credit has emerged as the most suitable and practical alternative to the conventional banking in reaching India's hitherto unreached poor population. Micro credit enables poor people to be thrifty, and it helps them in availing the credit and other financial services for improving their income and living standards. India's Self-Help Group (SHG)-Bank Linkage Program was formally launched in 1992. The Program envisages the organization of the rural poor into SHGs for building their capacities to manage their own finances and then negotiate bank credit on commercial terms. This book contains well-researched papers which provide analytical information on various aspects of the micro finance and its impact on rural economy of India.
Micro Finance and Poverty Eradication by Daniel Lazar,Pethan Palanichamy Pdf
Since independence in 1947, the government of India and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have made concerted efforts to provide the poor with access to credit. Despite the phenomenal increase in the physical outreach of formal credit institutions in the past several decades, India's rural poor continue to depend on informal sources of credit. Institutions have also faced difficulties in dealing effectively with a large number of small borrowers whose credit needs are small and frequent and their ability to offer collaterals is limited. Cumbersome procedures and risk perceptions of the banks have left a gap in serving the credit needs of the rural poor. This has led to a search for alternative policies, systems and procedures, saving and loan products, other complementary services, and new delivery mechanisms that would fulfill the requirements of the poor. It is in this context that micro credit has emerged as the most suitable and practical alternative to conventional banking in reaching the hitherto unreached poor population. Micro finance is the provision of a broad range of financial services - such as deposits, loans, payments, money transfers, and insurance - to the low-income households and their micro enterprises. The basic purpose of micro finance is to provide access to financial assistance, including credit to the poor, enabling them to start/expand micro enterprises and break out of poverty. Micro credit helps the poor in making available the credit and other financial services for improving their income and living standards. The micro credit program - which was formally heralded in 1992 with a modest pilot project of linking around 500 Self-help Groups - has made rapid strides in India, exhibiting considerable democratic functioning and group dynamism. The micro credit program in India is now the largest in the world. This book contains 45 scholarly papers in the field of micro finance in India, categorized in five parts: Micro Finance: General Observations . Micro Finance, Self-help Groups, and Financial Inclusion . Micro Finance, Poverty Alleviation, and Empowerment of Women . Technical Aspects of Micro Finance . Micro Finance: Case Studies in India and Abroad.
Innovations in rural and agriculture finance by Kloeppinger-Todd, Renate,Sharma, Manohar Pdf
Everywhere in the world, small agricultural producers are entrepreneurs, traders, investors, and consumers, all rolled into one. In all these roles, small agricultural households constantly seek to use available financial instruments to improve their productivity and secure the best possible consumption and investment choices for their families. But the package of financial services available to small farmers in developing countries is severely limited, especially for those living in remote areas with no access to basic market infrastructure. When poor people have limited saving or borrowing options, their investment plans are stifled and it becomes harder for them to break out of poverty. If households have no access to insurance and are unable to accumulate small savings that enable them to pay for household and business expenses, especially during lean seasons, they are forced to limit their exposure to risk, even if high returns are expected, once again making the pathway out of poverty more arduous than necessary. Inadequate access to financial services is thus part of what is often called the poverty trap.
The Global Findex Database 2017 by Asli Demirguc-Kunt,Leora Klapper,Dorothe Singer,Saniya Ansar Pdf
In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.
Micro Finance for Rural India by Surajit Kumar Bhagowati Pdf
According to India's 2011 Census, the rural population was 68.8% of India's total population. Rural development implies both the economic betterment of people, as well as greater social transformation. Increased participation of people in the rural development process, decentralization of planning, better enforcement of land reforms, and greater access to credit and inputs go a long way in providing the rural population with better prospects for improved quality of life. Since independence in 1947, the government of India and the Reserve Bank of India have made concerted efforts to provide the poor with access to credit. Despite the phenomenal increase in the physical outreach of formal credit institutions in the past several decades, the rural poor continue to depend on informal sources of credit. It is in this context that micro credit has emerged as the most suitable and practical alternative to the conventional banking in reaching the hitherto unreached poor population. Micro credit enables poor people to be thrifty and helps them in availing the credit and other financial services for improving their income and living standards. This book examines the working of institutions engaged in providing rural finance and the policies of the government for financial inclusion of the poor.
Financial Access of the Urban Poor in India by Meenakshi Rajeev,B. P. Vani Pdf
This book focuses on the issue of financial exclusion with particular reference to the urban informal sector in India. Continuing the work of its predecessor, the current Government of India is also placing considerable importance on driving policy initiatives for financial inclusion. However, financial exclusion in urban areas, especially of the lower strata of the society has not received the attention it deserves from researchers and policymakers, even though urban poverty and deprivations are of considerable importance in the present Indian context. The challenges of financial inclusion and accessibility in the urban areas differ substantially from those found in the rural regions given the fact that the possibility of physical access to financial services is much higher in urban areas. In order to provide a macro perspective, the book begins with an analysis of the unit record data on nature and extent of financial inclusion and access to credit in urban India, based on Debt and Investment survey data (59th and 70th rounds) provided by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). In subsequent steps, the book discusses findings from a primary survey carried out in the state of Karnataka of self-employed persons engaged in informal services sector. This exercise has helped to comprehend the ways in which they currently meet their financial needs for different income generating purposes, the terms and conditions under which they do so, and the challenges that remained for possible interventions. Experiences of other developing nations in their attempts to ensure financial inclusion and the lesson learnt thereby are the other highlights of the book.
Access to Financial Services in Nepal by Aurora Ferrari Pdf
The publication presents the results of an access to financial services survey administered to Nepali households in 2005 and explains what hinders access by low income households and small businesses to financial institutions. The obstacles are identified on the basis of an in-depth analysis of the performance of the microfinance sector and of selected banks.
OECD's first economic survey of the Indian economy. It opens with a broad overview of economic developments over the past twenty years, showing how India has grown to become the third largest economy in the world. It then examines a series of ...
Author : Nathan B. Oman Publisher : University of Chicago Press Page : 312 pages File Size : 55,9 Mb Release : 2017-01-19 Category : Law ISBN : 9780226415666
Why should the law care about enforcing contracts? We tend to think of a contract as the legal embodiment of a moral obligation to keep a promise. When two parties enter into a transaction, they are obligated as moral beings to play out the transaction in the way that both parties expect. But this overlooks a broader understanding of the moral possibilities of the market. Just as Shakespeare’s Shylock can stand on his contract with Antonio not because Antonio is bound by honor but because the enforcement of contracts is seen as important to maintaining a kind of social arrangement, today’s contracts serve a fundamental role in the functioning of society. With The Dignity of Commerce, Nathan B. Oman argues persuasively that well-functioning markets are morally desirable in and of themselves and thus a fit object of protection through contract law. Markets, Oman shows, are about more than simple economic efficiency. To do business with others, we must demonstrate understanding of and satisfy their needs. This ability to see the world from another’s point of view inculcates key virtues that support a liberal society. Markets also provide a context in which people can peacefully cooperate in the absence of political, religious, or ideological agreement. Finally, the material prosperity generated by commerce has an ameliorative effect on a host of social ills, from racial discrimination to environmental destruction. The first book to place the moral status of the market at the center of the justification for contract law, The Dignity of Commerce is sure to elicit serious discussion about this central area of legal studies.