Information And Human Values

Author : Batya Friedman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1997-12-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1575860813

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Human Values and the Design of Computer Technology by Batya Friedman Pdf

Human values--including accountability, privacy, autonomy, and respect for person--emerge from the computer systems that we build and how we choose to use them. Yet, important questions on human values and system design have remained largely unexplored. If human values are controversial, then on what basis do some values override others in the design of, for example, hardware, algorithms, and databases? Do users interact with computer systems as social actors? If so, should designers of computer persona and agents seek to build on such human tendencies, or check them? How have design decisions in hospitals, research labs, and computer corporations protected or degraded such values? This volume brings together leading researchers and system designers who take up these questions, and more.

Author : Kenneth Fleischmann
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 101 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781627052467

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Information and Human Values by Kenneth Fleischmann Pdf

This book seeks to advance our understanding of the relationship between information and human values by synthesizing the complementary but typically disconnected threads in the literature, reflecting on my 15 years of research on the relationship between information and human values, advancing our intellectual understanding of the key facets of this topic, and encouraging further research to continue exploring this important and timely research topic. The book begins with an explanation of what human values are and why they are important. Next, three distinct literatures on values, information, and technology are analyzed and synthesized, including the social psychology literature on human values, the information studies literature on the core values of librarianship, and the human-computer interaction literature on value-sensitive design. After that, three detailed case studies are presented based on reflections on a wide range of research studies. The first case study focuses on the role of human values in the design and use of educational simulations. The second case study focuses on the role of human values in the design and use of computational models. The final case study explores human values in communication via, about, or using information technology. The book concludes by laying out a values and design cycle for studying values in information and presenting an agenda for further research.

Author : Ronald F. Inglehart,Miguel Basanez,Alejandro Moreno
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 557 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1998-05-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780472108336

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Human Values and Beliefs by Ronald F. Inglehart,Miguel Basanez,Alejandro Moreno Pdf

Provides a wealth of information about values and beliefs of people all over the world

Author : Ervin Laszlo,James B Wilbur *nfa*
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2023-09-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 103207177X

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Human Values and the Mind of Man by Ervin Laszlo,James B Wilbur *nfa* Pdf

First Published in 1971, Human Values and the Mind of Man examines how value questions have been treated in traditional theories of human nature. The book presents an interdisciplinary dialogue centred around the 'human mind'.

Author : Gregory R Maio
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317223320

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The Psychology of Human Values by Gregory R Maio Pdf

This original and engaging book advocates an unabashedly empirical approach to understanding human values: abstract ideals that we consider important, such as freedom, equality, achievement, helpfulness, security, tradition, and peace. Our values are relevant to everything we do, helping us choose between careers, schools, romantic partners, places to live, things to buy, who to vote for, and much more. There is enormous public interest in the psychology of values and a growing recognition of the need for a deeper understanding of the ways in which values are embedded in our attitudes and behavior. How do they affect our well-being, our relationships with other people, our prosperity, and our environment? In his examination of these questions, Maio focuses on tests of theories about values, through observations of what people actually think and do. In the past five decades, psychological research has learned a lot about values, and this book describes what we have learned and why it is important. It provides the first overview of psychological research looking at how we mentally represent and use our values, and constitutes important reading for psychology students at all levels, as well as academics in psychology and related social and health sciences.

Author : Jean-Pierre P. Changeux,Antonio Damasio,Wolf Singer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2006-03-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783540298038

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Neurobiology of Human Values by Jean-Pierre P. Changeux,Antonio Damasio,Wolf Singer Pdf

Man has been pondering for centuries over the basis of his own ethical and aesthetic values. Until recent times, such issues were primarily fed by the thinking of philosophers, moralists and theologists, or by the findings of historians or sociologists relating to universality or variations in these values within various populations. Science has avoided this field of investigation within the confines of philosophy. Beyond the temptation to stay away from the field of knowledge science may also have felt itself unconcerned by the study of human values for a simple heuristic reason, namely the lack of tools allowing objective study. For the same reason, researchers tended to avoid the study of feelings or consciousness until, over the past two decades, this became a focus of interest for many neuroscientists. It is apparent that many questions linked to research in the field of neuroscience are now arising. The hope is that this book will help to formulate them more clearly rather than skirting them. The authors do not wish to launch a new moral philosophy, but simply to gather objective knowledge for reflection.

Author : Yassin Sankar
Publisher : Canadian Scholars Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Education
ISBN : 0921627963

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Education, Human Values and Ethics by Yassin Sankar Pdf

Author : Richard W. Kilby
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Social psychology
ISBN : UCSC:32106010217351

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The Study of Human Values by Richard W. Kilby Pdf

This book grows out of a long-felt need for a readable source that explores all aspects of people's values. Good information on the study of human values exists scattered about in various sources, spanning disciplines and decades, but it is not easily located nor readily assimilated and organized in mind. Richard W. Kilby attempts to remedy that situation. This book is a general comprehensive work on human values and is composed of chapters on types of values, their nature, their role in lives, their origins, and methods of their study or assessment. It was written on the assumption that most of its readers would know little of the subject, rather than be specialists, but Kilby's main consideration was to include everything that was pertinent and to do full justice to each topic. One portion or another of The Study of Human Values should be useful to someone, be it student, instructor, researcher, or general reader.

Author : Milton Rokeach
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2008-06-30
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781439118887

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Understanding Human Values by Milton Rokeach Pdf

This volume presents theoretical, methodological, and empirical advances in understanding, and also in the effects of understanding, individual and societal values.

Author : Gerald Sussman
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1997-09-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 080395140X

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Communication, Technology, and Politics in the Information Age by Gerald Sussman Pdf

Gerald Sussman offers a detailed critical analysis of the political dimensions of 21st century communication/information technologies, mass media and transnational networks.

Author : Rod Preece,Lorna Chamberlain
Publisher : Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2010-10-30
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781554587674

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Animal Welfare and Human Values by Rod Preece,Lorna Chamberlain Pdf

As the most populous province in Canada, Ontario is a microcosm of the animal welfare issues which beset Western civilization. The authors of this book, chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of the Ontario Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, find themselves constantly being made aware of the atrocities committed in the Society’s jurisdiction. They have been, in turn, puzzled, exasperated and horrified at humanity’s cruelty to our fellow sentient beings. The issues discussed in this book are the most contentious in animal welfare disputes — animal experimentation, fur-farming and trapping, the use of animals for human entertainment and the conditions under which animals are raised for human consumption. They are complex issues and should be thought about fairly and seriously. The authors, standing squarely on the side of the animals, suggest “community” and “belonging” as concepts through which to understand our relationships to other species. They ground their ideas in Wordsworth’s “primal sympathy” and Jung’s “unconscious identity” with the animal realm. The philosophy developed in this book embraces common sense and compromise as the surest paths to the goal of animal welfare. It requires respect and consideration for other species while acknowledging our primary obligations to our fellow humans.

Author : Clement A. Tisdell
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2014-08-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781783477418

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Human Values and Biodiversity Conservation by Clement A. Tisdell Pdf

This pioneering book explores the influence of human values on the willingness of individuals to pay for the conservation of individual wildlife species (and classes of these), to be for or against their survival, and to favour or oppose their harvesting.

Author : Brian Christian
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780393635836

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The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values by Brian Christian Pdf

A jaw-dropping exploration of everything that goes wrong when we build AI systems and the movement to fix them. Today’s “machine-learning” systems, trained by data, are so effective that we’ve invited them to see and hear for us—and to make decisions on our behalf. But alarm bells are ringing. Recent years have seen an eruption of concern as the field of machine learning advances. When the systems we attempt to teach will not, in the end, do what we want or what we expect, ethical and potentially existential risks emerge. Researchers call this the alignment problem. Systems cull résumés until, years later, we discover that they have inherent gender biases. Algorithms decide bail and parole—and appear to assess Black and White defendants differently. We can no longer assume that our mortgage application, or even our medical tests, will be seen by human eyes. And as autonomous vehicles share our streets, we are increasingly putting our lives in their hands. The mathematical and computational models driving these changes range in complexity from something that can fit on a spreadsheet to a complex system that might credibly be called “artificial intelligence.” They are steadily replacing both human judgment and explicitly programmed software. In best-selling author Brian Christian’s riveting account, we meet the alignment problem’s “first-responders,” and learn their ambitious plan to solve it before our hands are completely off the wheel. In a masterful blend of history and on-the ground reporting, Christian traces the explosive growth in the field of machine learning and surveys its current, sprawling frontier. Readers encounter a discipline finding its legs amid exhilarating and sometimes terrifying progress. Whether they—and we—succeed or fail in solving the alignment problem will be a defining human story. The Alignment Problem offers an unflinching reckoning with humanity’s biases and blind spots, our own unstated assumptions and often contradictory goals. A dazzlingly interdisciplinary work, it takes a hard look not only at our technology but at our culture—and finds a story by turns harrowing and hopeful.

Author : Wade Rowland
Publisher : Intellect (UK)
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : PHILOSOPHY
ISBN : 1789381231

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Morality by Design by Wade Rowland Pdf

The eleven short, linked essays in Morality by Design represent a culmination of two decades of research and writing on the topic of moral realism. Wade Rowland first introduces readers to the basic ideas of leading moral thinkers from Plato to Leibniz to Putnam, and then, he explores the subject through today's political, economic, and environmental conundrums. The collection presents a strong argument against postmodern moral relativism and the idea that only science can claim a body of reliable fact; challenges currently fashionable notions of the perfectibility of human individuals-and even the human species-through technology; and argues for the validity of common sense. In guiding the reader through Enlightenment-era rationalist thought as it pertained to human nature and the foundations of morality, Rowland provides a coherent, intellectually sound, and intuitively appealing alternative to the nihilistic views popularized by contemporary radical relativism. Morality by Design ultimately seeks to convince readers that there is such a thing as moral fact, and that they do indeed have what it takes to make robust and durable moral judgments. The eleven short, linked essays in Morality by Design represent a culmination of two decades of research and writing on the topic of moral realism. Wade Rowland first introduces readers to the basic ideas of leading moral thinkers from Plato to Leibniz to Putnam, and then explores the subject through today's political, economic and environmental conundrums. The collection presents a strong argument against postmodern moral relativism and the idea that only science can claim a body of reliable fact; challenges currently fashionable notions of the perfectibility of human individuals - and even the human species - through technology; and argues for the validity of common sense. In guiding the reader through Enlightenment-era rationalist thought as it pertained to human nature and the foundations of morality, Rowland provides a coherent, intellectually sound and intuitively appealing alternative to the nihilistic views popularised by contemporary radical relativism. Morality by Design ultimately seeks to convince readers that there is such a thing as moral fact, and that they do indeed have what it takes to make robust and durable moral judgments.

Author : A. Alavudeen,R. Kalil Rahman,M. Jayakumaran
Publisher : Firewall Media
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8131803066

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Professional Ethics and Human Values by A. Alavudeen,R. Kalil Rahman,M. Jayakumaran Pdf