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Author : Robert Frank,John J. O'Neil,Mark J. Utell,Jack D. Hackney,John Van Ryzin
Publisher : ASTM International
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0803104065
Author : Roger O. McClellan
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 678 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1995-09-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1439805571
Recent developments have provided new data on the subject of inhalation toxicology, requiring an update of the previous edition of this popular text. Like the first, this second edition explains the basic concepts and quantitative approaches in inhalation toxicology, and it gives a comprehensive treatment of evaluations of respiratory responses to inhaled particles and gases. The author here explores new understanding of the role of cytokines in pulmonary inflammation and risk assessment. Immunologists, oncologists, respiratory specialists and students in those fields will find Concepts In Inhalation Toxicology to be essential to their practice.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Assessing Toxicologic Risks to Human Subjects Used in Controlled Exposure Studies of Environmental Pollutants
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309452496
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a mission and regulatory responsibility to protect human health and the environment. EPA's pursuit of that goal includes a variety of research activities involving human subjects, such as epidemiologic studies and surveys. Those research activities also involve studies of individuals who volunteer to be exposed to air pollutants intentionally in controlled laboratory settings so that measurements can be made of transient and reversible biomarker or physiologic responses to those exposures that can indicate pathways of toxicity and mechanisms of air-pollution responses. The results of those controlled human inhalation exposure (CHIE) studies, also referred to as human clinical studies or human challenge studies, are used to inform policy decisions and help establish or revise standards to protect public health and improve air quality. Controlled Human Inhalation-Exposure Studies at EPA addresses scientific issues and provides guidance on the conduct of CHIE studies. This report assesses the utility of CHIE studies to inform and reduce uncertainties in setting air-pollution standards to protect public health and assess whether continuation of such studies is warranted. It also evaluates the potential health risks to test subjects who participated in recent studies of air pollutants at EPA's clinical research facility.
Author : Harry Salem,Sidney A. Katz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1055 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2005-12-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781420037302
Written by internationally recognized scientists from academic, industrial, and governmental sectors, Inhalation Toxicology, Second Edition details the methods and materials used in the theoretical and applied aspects of inhalation toxicology. The editors emphasize the relationship between the respiratory system and toxicology of inhaled substances
Author : Robert F. Phalen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2008-10-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0849314003
This significantly updated and expanded new edition presents the scientific foundations of inhalation research essential to the design and conduct of toxicologic studies. It incorporates the major advances that have been made in the field, including recent advances in biology and the rapidly increasing global concerns and studies on particulate air pollution. The Second Edition was motivated by: new developments in the ultrafine particle health effects and concentrated aerosol research advances in understanding postnatal lung growth and the deposition and clearance of inhaled particles new techniques in toxicity testing the explosion of knowledge in the genetic and molecular realms the introduction of a large number of transgenic animal models updated ethical guidelines for animal testing the emergence of aerosol medicine the growing threat of aerosol-related terrorism increased appreciation of nonpulmonary effects of inhaled substances use of medical scanning techniques to study respiratory tract structure the introduction of new inhalation exposure systems the emergence of aerosol concentrators for use in air pollution studies
Author : Donald E. Gardner,James D Crapo,Roger O. McClellan
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 684 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2000-01-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1560328010
Thoroughly revised and updated, the third edition of Toxicology of the Lung brings together the latest accomplishments and advancements in concepts, approaches, and procedures now used to evaluate the risks associated with airborne contaminants. With chapters from leading authorities, including nine new chapters and a number of new topic areas, this edition describes how and why the lung and respiratory system respond as they do to toxicants and provides a clear understanding of human health risks associated with chemical exposure. This one-of-a-kind reference on inhalation toxicology will be invaluable to all professionals in academia, industry, clinics, research laboratories, and government agencies.
Author : Mihalis Lazaridis,Ian Colbeck
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010-03-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048186631
Estimates of the air pollution health impact play a crucial role in environmental protection. These estimates require accurate data on the pollutant exposure and dose to the population as well as the dose–response relationships to calculate the health impact. From an air quality manager’s perspective there is concern about the validity and accuracy of these calculations. There is a need for information and possible ways to adjust the assessment. One important topic for air quality managers is to understand the relative cont- bution of sources to the total exposure. These sources may be coming from both different outdoor sources from sectors such as transport, industry and energy ind- tries, and from a number of indoor sources, such as heating, ventilation and indoor activities as well as out-gassing from building material and furniture. Indoor air quality is now drawing the attention of policy makers. The basic right to, and importance of, healthy indoor air was emphasized by the World Health Organization as early as 2000 and several countries have described target conc- trations for various pollutants. The WHO Air Quality Guidelines 2005 rec- mended the development of specific guidelines for indoor air quality and these are expected to be published soon. Indoor air pollutants have not been as extensively monitored as outdoor air pollutants and the evidence base for contributions to health effects needs to be strengthened.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : House & Home
ISBN : UCBK:C105261333
This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Author : Mark J. Utell,Robert Frank
Publisher : ASTM International
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Air
ISBN : 9780803112629
Author : Robert F. Phalen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1996-11-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0849333431
Conducting studies of natural and man-made air contaminants is a specialized research activity that draws upon skills from a variety of disciplines including toxicology, pharmacology, industrial hygiene, and environmental health. Methods in Inhalation Toxicology describes how knowledge from these disciplines is integrated into the design and conduct of inhalation studies. Each of the vital aspects of conducting these studies is discussed in detail, including the use of animal subjects and the related quality control and ethical considerations, air purification methodology, exposure atmosphere generation and characterization, inhalation exposure systems, and real-time and post-exposure biological assessments. These methods will enable you to conduct inhalation studies, easily adding any specific measures of particular interest to your research. The book covers techniques needed to: provide suitable clean air for experiments correctly generate the particles and gases being studied select the proper exposure system monitor the exposure prepare tissues for study ensure that animals do not have confounding lung disease The helpful descriptions and detailed lists of suppliers of preferred equipment and materials will help you to perform valid, reproducible inhalation toxicology studies. Methods in Inhalation Toxicology is a perfect textbook for students in toxicology programs, as well as for scientists who conduct inhalation studies in both academic and industrial environments.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1999-09-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309172721
In the effort to reduce the scientific and technical uncertainties over regulation of airborne particulate matter in the United States, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: II. Evaluating Research Progress and Updating the Portfolio, the second book in a four-part series requested by Congress, describes the plans of the committee to monitor the progress of the research on particulate matter conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), other federal and state government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations. The book also reviews and updates the committee's portfolio of recommended research in its first volume, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter: I. Immediate Priorities and a Long-Range Research Portfolio (NRC, 1998). The committee substantially revised two of the ten high-priority research areas recommended in Part I. Part II notes that Congress, EPA, and the scientific community have given strong support to the committee's recommendations and have implemented substantial changes in research efforts in response to Part I of the series. One important research area-studies of the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter and other major air pollutants-however, does not appear to be underway or planned.
Author : Robert F. Phalen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2002-10-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781402072253
This concise book presents the relevant scientific data, historical developments, unsolved problems, and new research opportunities related to particulate air pollution and human health. Included are chapters on the nature of particulate air pollution, fates and toxicity of inhaled particles, evidence of harmful effects of air pollution, events that led to the current controversy, interpretation of modern epidemiology studies, needed research, challenges to commonly accepted ideas about pollutants and health, and recommendations for scientists, regulators, legislators, the public and industry.
Author : Fabio Capello,Antonio Vittorino Gaddi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 679 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-02-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319627311
This book examines in detail the clinical implications of those diseases that either are primarily triggered by air pollution or represent direct consequences of air pollutants. The aim is to provide medical practitioners with practical solutions to issues in diagnosis and treatment while simultaneously furnishing other interested parties with crucial information on the field. The book introduces the concept that air pollution-related diseases constitute a new class of pathologies. A wide range of conditions mainly attributable to air pollution are discussed, covering different body systems and pollution impacts in subsets of the population. In addition to presenting state of the art overviews of clinical aspects, the book carefully examines the implications of current knowledge for social and public health strategies aimed at disease prevention and prophylaxis. The Clinical Handbook of Air Pollution-Related Diseases will greatly assist doctors and healthcare workers when dealing with the consequences of air pollution in their everyday practice and will provide researchers, industry, and policymakers with valuable facts and insights.
Author : Ulrich Mohr,Donald L. Dungworth,Georg Kimmerle,James Lewkowski,Roger O. McClellan,Werner Stöber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642613555
The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI), a nonprofit, public foundation, was established in 1978 to advance the sciences of nutrition, toxicology, and food safety. ILSI promotes the resolution of health and safety issues in these areas by sponsoring research, conferences, publications, and educational programs. Through ILSI's programs, scientists from government, academia, and industry unite their efforts to resolve issues of critical importance to the public. As part of its commitment to understanding and resolving health and safety issues, ILSI is pleased to sponsor this series of monographs that consolidates new scientific knowledge, defines research needs, and provides a background for the effective application of scientific advances in toxicology and food safety. Alex Malaspina President International Life Sciences Institute Contents Series Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Part I. Approaches to Assessing the Toxicity of Airborne Toxicants Chapter 1. Standard-Setting as an Integrative Exercise: Alchemy, Juggling, or Science? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 D. v. Bates Chapter 2. Species Differences in Inhalation Toxicology: Variations in Exposure-Dose Relationships and Macrophage Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 J. D. Brain Chapter 3. Cell Populations of the Respiratory System: Interspecies Diversity in Composition, Distribution, and Morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 e. G. Plopper, A. Mir, J. St. George, N. Tyler, A. Mariassy, D. Wilson, S. Nishio, D. Cranz, J. Heidsiek, and D. Hyde Chapter 4. Comparative Metabolic Basis for the Disposition and Toxic Effects of Inhaled Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 A. R. Dahl Part II. Methodological Issues in Designing and Conducting Studies with Laboratory Animals Chapter 5. Exposure Facilities and Aerosol Generation and Characterization for Inhalation Experiments. . . . . . . . . .
Author : Ming-Ho Yu,Humio Tsunoda,Masashi Tsunoda
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781439840399
Human survival depends on the availability of clean air, water, and food and on the welfare of plants and animals. However, anthropogenic and naturally occurring chemicals can cause adverse effects on living organisms and ecological processes. Environmental Toxicology: Biological and Health Effects of Pollutants, Third Edition presents fundamental