Interaction Between Neurons And Glia In Aging And Disease

Author : Ana Cristina Rego,Joao Malva,Rodrigo Cunha,Catarina Oliveira
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2007-08-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780387708300

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Interaction Between Neurons and Glia in Aging and Disease by Ana Cristina Rego,Joao Malva,Rodrigo Cunha,Catarina Oliveira Pdf

A superb source of reference reviews as well as a concise overview of the functional cross-talk between neurons and glial cells, this book also focuses on microglia and inflammation in the aging brain and in neurological disorders. The scientific spectrum covered by this book is of key interest, and is recognized by the scientific community as a major competitive area with critical implications for human health.

Author : Tania Spohr
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781789852530

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Glia in Health and Disease by Tania Spohr Pdf

The book will highlight the role played by glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems in both healthy and unhealthy individuals. Among all processes involved, we will discuss the importance of the enteric nervous system in the control of gut homeostasis, in the interaction with the immune system, and its participation in pathological conditions such as metabolic syndrome. We will also look at the relevance of astrocytes during synaptic transmission and the regulation of plasticity by releasing gliotransmitters. Ultimately, we will highlight the influence of astrocytes during the development of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease, focusing on how the serum levels of the astrocytic protein S100B can be used as a biomarker for clinical decisions.

Author : Rommy von Bernhardi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016-10-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319407647

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Glial Cells in Health and Disease of the CNS by Rommy von Bernhardi Pdf

A timely overview covering the three major types of glial cells in the central nervous system - astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. New findings on glia biology are overturning a century of conventional thinking about how the brain operates and are expanding our knowledge about information processing in the brain. The book will present recent research findings on the role of glial cells in both healthy function and disease. It will comprehensively cover a broad spectrum of topics while remaining compact in size.

Author : Rebecca Matsas,Marco Tsacopoulos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461546856

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The Functional Roles of Glial Cells in Health and Disease by Rebecca Matsas,Marco Tsacopoulos Pdf

Thirty-five years ago, when Stephen Kuffler and his colleagues at Harvard initiated a new era of research on the properties and functions of neuroglial cells, very few neuro scientists were impressed at the time with the hypothesis that neuroglial cells could have another, though more subtle, role to play in the nervous system than to provide static support to neurons. Today, very few neuroscientists are unaware of the fact that multiple interactions between neurons and glial cells have been described, and that they consti tute the basis for understanding the function and the pathology of the nervous system. Glial cells outnumber neurons and make up about one-half of the bulk of the nervous system. They are divided into two major classes: first, the macroglia, which include astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and the Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system; and second, the microglial cells. These different classes of glial cells have different functions and contribute in different ways in the devel opment, function, and the pathology of the nervous system.

Author : Jean de Vellis
Publisher : Humana
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2010-11-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1617370886

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Neuroglia in the Aging Brain by Jean de Vellis Pdf

A distinguished panel of internationally recognized neuroscientists comprehensively review the involvement of and changes in glial cells both during the normal aging process and in the major disorders of old age. Topics range from the cellular and molecular changes that occur with aging-especially aging-associated activation of astrocytes and microglia and its relation to neuronal injury and repair-to neuron-glia intercommunication. The contributors show how glial signals may be modulated by hormones, growth factors, neurotransmitters, intracellular metabolism, and intercellular exchanges, as well as by aging of the blood-brain barrier.

Author : Andreas Reichenbach,Andreas Bringmann
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2015-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1615046704

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Retinal Glia by Andreas Reichenbach,Andreas Bringmann Pdf

In 1851, Heinrich Müller discovered what he called "radial fibers" and what we now call Müller cells, as the principal glial cells of the vertebrate retina. Later on, other glial cell types were found in the retina, including astrocytes, microglia, and even oligodendrocytes. It turned out that retinal glial cells are essential constituents of the tissue. For instance, Müller cells appear to constitute the "core" of columnar units of clonally and functionally related groups of neurons. Their primary function is to support neuronal functioning by guiding the light towards the photoreceptor cells, removing excess neurotransmitter molecules from extracellular space, and performing efficient clearance of excess extracellular potassium ions. The latter two functions are also crucial for neuronal survival and are coupled to water clearance which is also essential. Müller cells are capable of "sensing" neuronal activity and modifying it by the release of signal substances (gliotransmitters). In cases of retinal injuries the Müller cells become reactive, and all above-mentioned functions are impaired. However, such de-differentiated Müller cells may proliferate, and may even serve as stem cells for the regeneration of a damaged retina. As well as the Müller cells, retinal astrocytes and microglial cells are important players in retinal development and function. This book gives a comprehensive survey of the present knowledge on retinal glia.

Author : Alexei Verkhratsky,Margaret S. Ho,Robert Zorec,Vladimir Parpura
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811399138

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Neuroglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases by Alexei Verkhratsky,Margaret S. Ho,Robert Zorec,Vladimir Parpura Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of neuroglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroglia are the most abundant cells in the nervous system and consist of several distinct cell types, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,and microglia. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroglia participate in the neurodegenerative process, and as such are essential players in a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s. Intended for researchers and students, the book presents recent advances concerning the biology of neuroglia as well as their interaction with neurons during disease progression. In addition, to highlight the function of neuroglia in different types of neurodegenerative disease, it also discusses their mechanisms and effects on protecting or damaging neurons.

Author : Brian D. Gulbransen
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2014-07-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615046614

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Enteric Glia by Brian D. Gulbransen Pdf

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography

Author : Marie-Ève Tremblay,Amanda Sierra
Publisher : Springer
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493914296

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Microglia in Health and Disease by Marie-Ève Tremblay,Amanda Sierra Pdf

These past few years have witnessed a revolution in our understanding of microglia, especially since their roles in the healthy central nervous system (CNS) have started to unravel. These cells were shown to actively maintain health, in concert with neurons and other types of CNS cells, providing further insight into their involvement with diseases. Edited by two pioneers in the field, Marie-Ève Tremblay and Amanda Sierra, Microglia in health and disease aims to share with the broader scientific community some of the recent discoveries in microglia research, from a broad perspective, with a collection of 19 chapters from 52 specialists working in 11 countries across 5 continents. To set microglia on the stage, the book begins by explaining briefly who they are, what they do in the healthy and diseased CNS, and how they can be studied. The first section describes in more details their physiological roles in the maturation, function, and plasticity of the CNS, across development, adolescence, adulthood, neuropathic pain, addiction, and aging. The second section focuses on their implication in pathological conditions impairing the quality of life: neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, AIDS, and multiple sclerosis; and in leading causes of death: ischemia and stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, as well as trauma and injury.

Author : Abel Lajtha,Regino Perez-Polo,Steffen Roßner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2008-06-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780387326702

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology by Abel Lajtha,Regino Perez-Polo,Steffen Roßner Pdf

The nervous system is highly fragile, especially during aging, illness and trauma. This book addresses a small sampling of major constituents of neural function at the cellular and molecular level that play crucial roles in development and aging.

Author : Bernardo Castellano,B. Castellano Lopez,M. Nieto-Sampedro
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
Page : 790 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2003-09-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0444514864

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Glial Cell Function (Paperback) by Bernardo Castellano,B. Castellano Lopez,M. Nieto-Sampedro Pdf

Although knowledge of the development and differentiation of glial cells has significantly increased in recent years, there are still many questions unanswered. The first section of the book is devoted to this very active topic and includes contributions on Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, astroglia and microglia. The second section of the book covers cellular interactions, the role they play on myelination and remyelination, how these interactions take place and the molecules involved. The third section of this volume focuses on the interactions of neurons with glial cells and their role in brain function. Neuron-glia cross talk appears to be fundamental for synaptic transmission and several chapters in this section address this topic. The topic of how glial cells react to brain injury and how they participate in neuroprotection and brain repair is covered in section four of this book. As our knowledge about the molecules involved in the regenerative properties of glia increases, new avenues are open for the use of genetically modified glia with therapeutic purposes. The final section of the book is devoted to therapeutic approaches to tumours, viral and prion infections. Gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of gliomas, one of the most devastating forms of cancer. A chapter on prion diseases and microglia addresses a question of tremendous actuality, since prion diseases in cows is at this moment the major veterinary problem in Europe and has created a considerable social alarm.

Author : Stephen Bondy,Kenneth Maiese
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2010-09-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781607616023

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Aging and Age-Related Disorders by Stephen Bondy,Kenneth Maiese Pdf

Features that characterize the aging process include the gradual accumulation of cell damage after prolonged exposure to oxidative and inflammatory events over a lifetime. In addition to the accretion of lesions, the intrinsic levels of pro-oxidant and aberrant immune responses are elevated with age. These adverse events are often further enhanced by the chronic and slow progressing diseases that characterize the senescent brain and cardiovascular system. The incidence of some disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular diseases are sufficiently prevalent in the extreme elderly that these disorders can arguably be considered "normal". Aging and Aging-Related Disorders examines the interface between normal and pathological aging, and illustrates how this border can sometimes be diffuse. It explores and illustrates the processes underlying the means by which aging becomes increasingly associated with inappropriate levels of free radical activity and how this can serve as a platform for the progression of age-related diseases. The book provides chapters that examine the interactive relationship between systems in the body that can enhance or sometimes even limit cellular longevity. In addition, specific redox mechanisms in cells are discussed. Another important aspect for aging discussed here is the close relationship between the systems of the body and exposure to environmental influences of oxidative stress that can affect both cellular senescence and a cell’s nuclear DNA. What may be even more interesting to note is that these external stressors are not simply confined to illnesses usually associated with aging, but can be evident in maturing and young individuals. A broad range of internationally recognized experts have contributed to this book. Their aim is to successfully highlight emerging knowledge and therapy for the understanding of the basis and development of aging–related disorders.

Author : Uddin, Md. Sahab,Ashraf, Ghulam Md.
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 515 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2020-02-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781799813187

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Quality Control of Cellular Protein in Neurodegenerative Disorders by Uddin, Md. Sahab,Ashraf, Ghulam Md. Pdf

Protein misfolding and aggregation are hallmarks of several neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Though multiple factors like aging, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, proteotoxic insults, genetic inconsistency, etc. are responsible for the dysfunction of the neuronal protein quality control system, targeting protein quality control has become an auspicious approach to halt the propagation of neurodegeneration. Quality Control of Cellular Protein in Neurodegenerative Disorders provides diverse aspects exploring the role of the protein quality control in neurodegenerative disorders and potential therapeutic strategies to combat the development and propagation of neurodegeneration. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as molecular chaperones, protein misfolding, and stress signaling, this book is ideally designed for neurobiologists, neuropsychologists, neurophysiologists, medical professionals, neuropathologists, researchers, academicians, students, and practitioners engaged in studies of the protein quality control system in neuronal cells.

Author : Alan S. Verkman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015032482328

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Water Channels by Alan S. Verkman Pdf

Author : Vladimir Parpura,Philip G. Haydon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 701 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2008-12-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780387794921

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Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System by Vladimir Parpura,Philip G. Haydon Pdf

Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.