Knowledge And The State Of Nature

Author : Edward Craig
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1991-01-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191519642

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Knowledge and the State of Nature by Edward Craig Pdf

The standard philosophical project of analysing the concept of knowledge has radical defects in its arbitrary restriction of the subject matter, and its risky theoretical presuppositions. Edward Craig suggests a more illuminating approach, akin to the `state of nature' method found in political theory, which builds up the concept from a hypothesis about the social function of knowledge and the needs it fulfils. Light is thrown on much that philosophers have written about knowledge, about its analysis and the obstacles to its analysis (such as the counter-examples of Edmund Gettier), and on the debate over scepticism. It becomes apparent why many languages not only have such constructions as `knows whether' and `knows that', but also have equivalents of `knows how to' and `know' followed by a direct object. Thus the inquiry is both broadened in scope and made theoretically less fragile.

Author : Federico Marcon
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226251905

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The Knowledge of Nature and the Nature of Knowledge in Early Modern Japan by Federico Marcon Pdf

From the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century Japan saw the creation, development, and apparent disappearance of the field of natural history, or "honzogaku." Federico Marcon traces the changing views of the natural environment that accompanied its development by surveying the ideas and practices deployed by "honzogaku" practitioners and by vividly reconstructing the social forces that affected them. These include a burgeoning publishing industry, increased circulation of ideas and books, the spread of literacy, processes of institutionalization in schools and academies, systems of patronage, and networks of cultural circles, all of which helped to shape the study of nature. In this pioneering social history of knowledge in Japan, Marcon shows how scholars developed a sophisticated discipline that was analogous to European natural history but formed independently. He also argues that when contacts with Western scholars, traders, and diplomats intensified in the nineteenth century, the previously dominant paradigm of "honzogaku "slowly succumbed to modern Western natural science not by suppression and substitution, as was previously thought, but by creative adaptation and transformation.

Author : Edward Craig
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Knowledge, Theory of
ISBN : 0191597236

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Knowledge and the State of Nature by Edward Craig Pdf

This epistemological inquiry is directed at understanding the concept of knowledge. Its point of departure is that the standard philosophical project of analysing the concept of knowledge arbitrarily restricts the subject matter and is based on risky theoretical presuppositions.

Author : Sheila Jasanoff
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2004-07-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781134328338

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States of Knowledge by Sheila Jasanoff Pdf

Notes on contributors Acknowledgements 1. The Idiom of Co-production Sheila Jasanoff 2. Ordering Knowledge, Ordering Society Sheila Jasanoff 3. Climate Science and the Making of a Global Political Order Clark A. Miller 4. Co-producing CITES and the African Elephant Charis Thompson 5. Knowledge and Political Order in the European Environment Agency Claire Waterton and Brian Wynne 6. Plants, Power and Development: Founding the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies, 1880-1914 William K. Storey 7. Mapping Systems and Moral Order: Constituting property in genome laboratories Stephen Hilgartner 8. Patients and Scientists in French Muscular Dystrophy Research Vololona Rabeharisoa and Michel Callon 9. Circumscribing Expertise: Membership categories in courtroom testimony Michael Lynch 10. The Science of Merit and the Merit of Science: Mental order and social order in early twentieth-century France and America John Carson 11. Mysteries of State, Mysteries of Nature: Authority, knowledge and expertise in the seventeenth century Peter Dear 12. Reconstructing Sociotechnical Order: Vannevar Bush and US science policy Michael Aaron Dennis 13. Science and the Political Imagination in Contemporary Democracies Yaron Ezrah 14. Afterword Sheila Jasanoff References Index

Author : Thomas Hobbes
Publisher : Courier Corporation
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-10-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780486122144

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Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes Pdf

Written during a moment in English history when the political and social structures were in flux and open to interpretation, Leviathan played an essential role in the development of the modern world.

Author : Duncan Pritchard,Alan Millar,Adrian Haddock
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2010-05-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191615139

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The Nature and Value of Knowledge by Duncan Pritchard,Alan Millar,Adrian Haddock Pdf

This volume comprises three distinct investigations into the relationship between the nature and the value of knowledge. Each is written by one of the authors in consultation with the other two. 'Knowledge and Understanding' (by Duncan Pritchard) critically examines virtue-theoretic responses to the problem of the value of knowledge, and argues that the finally valuable cognitive state is not knowledge but understanding. 'Knowledge and Recognition' (by Alan Millar) develops an account of knowledge in which the idea of a recognitional ability plays a prominent role, and argues that this account enables us better to understand knowledge and its value. 'Knowledge and Action' (by Adrian Haddock) argues for an account of knowledge and justification which explains why knowledge is valuable, and enables us to make sense of the knowledge we have of our intentional actions.

Author : Peter Carruthers
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Empiricism
ISBN : IND:30000027265168

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Human Knowledge and Human Nature by Peter Carruthers Pdf

Contemporary debates in epistemology devote much attention to the nature of knowledge, but neglect the question of its sources. The distinctive focus of Human Knowledge and Human Nature is on the latter, especially on the question of innateness. Peter Carruthers's aim is to transform and reinvigorate contemporary empiricism, while also providing an introduction to a range of issues in the theory of knowledge. He gives a lively presentation and assessment of the claims of classical empiricism, particularly its denial of substantive a priori knowledge and also of innate knowledge. He argues that we would be right to reject the substantive a priori but not innateness, and then presents a novel account of the main motivation behind empiricism, which leaves contemporary empiricists free to accept innate knowledge and concepts. He closes with a discussion of scepticism, arguing that acceptance of innate concepts may lead to a decisive resolution of the problem in favour of realism. The book will be of equal interest to students of the history of modern philosophy and the theory of knowledge, and their teachers. It provides a new way of looking at classical empiricism, and should lead to a renewal of interest in the innateness issue in epistemology.

Author : Kevin McCain
Publisher : Springer
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2016-06-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319334059

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The Nature of Scientific Knowledge by Kevin McCain Pdf

This book offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the epistemology of science. It not only introduces readers to the general epistemological discussion of the nature of knowledge, but also provides key insights into the particular nuances of scientific knowledge. No prior knowledge of philosophy or science is assumed by The Nature of Scientific Knowledge. Nevertheless, the reader is taken on a journey through several core concepts of epistemology and philosophy of science that not only explores the characteristics of the scientific knowledge of individuals but also the way that the development of scientific knowledge is a particularly social endeavor. The topics covered in this book are of keen interest to students of epistemology and philosophy of science as well as science educators interested in the nature of scientific knowledge. In fact, as a result of its clear and engaging approach to understanding scientific knowledge The Nature of Scientific Knowledge is a book that anyone interested in scientific knowledge, knowledge in general, and any of a myriad of related concepts would be well advised to study closely.

Author : Simon Critchley
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2001-02-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191578328

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Continental Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction by Simon Critchley Pdf

Simon Critchley's Very Short Introduction shows that Continental philosophy encompasses a distinct set of philosophical traditions and practices, with a compelling range of problems all too often ignored by the analytic tradition. He discusses the ideas and approaches of philosophers such as Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Habermas, Foucault, and Derrida, and introduces key concepts such as existentialism, nihilism, and phenomenology by explaining their place in the Continental tradition. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Author : Tina Loo
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2011-11-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780774840767

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States of Nature by Tina Loo Pdf

States of Nature is one of the first books to trace the development of Canadian wildlife conservation from its social, political, and historical roots. While noting the influence of celebrity conservationists such as Jack Miner and Grey Owl, Tina Loo emphasizes the impact of ordinary people on the evolution of wildlife management in Canada. She also explores the elements leading up to the emergence of the modern environmental movement, ranging from the reliance on and practical knowledge of wildlife demonstrated by rural people to the more aloof and scientific approach of state-sponsored environmentalism.

Author : Walter Terence Stace
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1932
Category : First philosophy
ISBN : UCAL:B4390638

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The Theory of Knowledge and Existence by Walter Terence Stace Pdf

Author : Alfred North Whitehead
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1919
Category : History
ISBN : UCAL:B4342418

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An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Natural Knowledge by Alfred North Whitehead Pdf

An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Natural Knowledge by Alfred North Whitehead, first published in 1919, is a rare manuscript, the original residing in one of the great libraries of the world. This book is a reproduction of that original, which has been scanned and cleaned by state-of-the-art publishing tools for better readability and enhanced appreciation. Restoration Editors' mission is to bring long out of print manuscripts back to life. Some smudges, annotations or unclear text may still exist, due to permanent damage to the original work. We believe the literary significance of the text justifies offering this reproduction, allowing a new generation to appreciate it.

Author : Nathan R. Colaner
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780739177136

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Aristotle on Knowledge of Nature and Modern Skepticism by Nathan R. Colaner Pdf

Confronting the scientific revolution’s dismissal of Aristotle’s physics and epistemology, Nathan R. Colaner revives this foundational philosopher’s work to expose within it the underpinnings of modern philosophers’ most common intuitions about knowledge. After Aristotle’s picture of reality had been judged obsolete by the physics of the scientific revolution, modern Western epistemologists fumbled along with doctrines that had little to do with everyday life. These included Descartes’ notion of the evil genius, Hume’s claim that we can’t know anything that we are not presently observing, and Kant’s rescue of knowledge in the context of idealism. In Aristotle on Knowledge of Nature and Modern Skepticism, Colaner articulates a notion of knowledge that is characteristically Aristotelian without being dependent on his metaphysics. Simultaneously, Colaner places Aristotle in dialogue with modern thinkers to create a bridge between classical and modern philosophy and reinstate Aristotle’s prominence in the discipline of epistemology.

Author : Lawrence Cahoone
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2013-01-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781438444178

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The Orders of Nature by Lawrence Cahoone Pdf

Winner of the 2015 John N. Findlay Award in Metaphysics presented by the Metaphysical Society of America Reviving and modernizing the tradition of post Darwinian naturalism, The Orders of Nature draws on philosophy and the natural sciences to present a naturalistic theory of reality. Conceiving of nature as systems, processes, and structures that exhibit diverse properties that can be hierarchically arranged, Lawrence Cahoone sketches a systematic metaphysics based on the following orders of nature: physical, material, biological, mental, and cultural. Using recent work in the science of complexity, hierarchical systems theory, and nonfoundational approaches to metaphysics, Cahoone analyzes these orders with explanations of the underlying science, covering a range of topics that includes general relativity and quantum field theory; chemistry and inorganic complexity; biology and telenomic explanation, or "purpose"; the theory of mind and mental causation as an animal phenomenon; and the human mind's unique cultural abilities. The book concludes with an exploration of what answers such a theory of naturalism can provide to questions about values and God.

Author : Adrian Johns
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 779 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009-05-15
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9780226401232

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The Nature of the Book by Adrian Johns Pdf

In The Nature of the Book, a tour de force of cultural history, Adrian Johns constructs an entirely original and vivid picture of print culture and its many arenas—commercial, intellectual, political, and individual. "A compelling exposition of how authors, printers, booksellers and readers competed for power over the printed page. . . . The richness of Mr. Johns's book lies in the splendid detail he has collected to describe the world of books in the first two centuries after the printing press arrived in England."—Alberto Manguel, Washington Times "[A] mammoth and stimulating account of the place of print in the history of knowledge. . . . Johns has written a tremendously learned primer."—D. Graham Burnett, New Republic "A detailed, engrossing, and genuinely eye-opening account of the formative stages of the print culture. . . . This is scholarship at its best."—Merle Rubin, Christian Science Monitor "The most lucid and persuasive account of the new kind of knowledge produced by print. . . . A work to rank alongside McLuhan."—John Sutherland, The Independent "Entertainingly written. . . . The most comprehensive account available . . . well documented and engaging."—Ian Maclean, Times Literary Supplement