Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals

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Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals

Shuang Zhou
Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals Book PDF

Author : Shuang Zhou
Publisher : Springer
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017-02-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319528069

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Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals by Shuang Zhou Pdf

This thesis describes lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) with exotic elastic and viscous properties. The first part of the thesis presents a thorough analysis of the elastic and viscous properties of LCLCs as functions of concentration, temperature and ionic contents, while the second part explores an active nematic system: living liquid crystals, which represent a combination of LCLC and living bacteria. LCLCs are an emerging class of liquid crystals that have shown profound connections to biological systems in two aspects. First, the assembly process of the chromonic aggregates is essentially the same as DNA oligomers and other super-molecular assemblies of biological origin. LCLCs thus provide an excellent model system for studying physical properties such as the elasticity and viscosity of these supramolecular assemblies. Second, LCLCs are biocompatible, thus serving as a unique anisotropic matrix to interface with living systems such as bacteria. This thesis deepens our understanding of both aspects. The noncovalent nature of chromonic aggregation produces the unique viscoelasticity to be found in LCLCs, which differs dramatically from that of traditional LCs. Anisotropic interactions between LCLCs and bacteria lead to fascinating phenomena such as the deformation of LCLCs with a characteristic wavelength determined by the elasticity of the LCLCs and the activity of the bacteria, orientationally controlled trajectories of bacteria and visualization of 24 nm flagella motion.

Introduction to Liquid Crystals

Peter J. Collings,John W. Goodby
Introduction to Liquid Crystals Book PDF

Author : Peter J. Collings,John W. Goodby
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351579827

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Introduction to Liquid Crystals by Peter J. Collings,John W. Goodby Pdf

Introduction to Liquid Crystals: Chemistry and Physics, Second Edition relies on only introductory level chemistry and physics as the foundation for understanding liquid crystal science. Liquid crystals combine the material properties of solids with the flow properties of fluids. As such they have provided the foundation for a revolution in low-power, flat-panel display technology (LCDs). In this book, the essential elements of liquid crystal science are introduced and explained from the perspectives of both the chemist and physicist. This new edition relies on only introductory level physics and chemistry as the foundation for understanding liquid crystal science and is, therefore, ideal for students and recent graduates. Features Introduces and explains the essential elements of liquid crystal science, including discussion of how liquid crystals have been utilized for innovative and important applications. New to this edition are over 300 figures, 90 end-of chapter exercises, and an increased scope that includes recent developments. Combines the knowledge of two eminent scientists in the field; they have fully updated and expanded the text to cover undergraduate/graduate course work as well as current research in what is now a billion-dollar industry. Immerses the reader in the vocabulary, structures, data, and kinetic models, rapidly building up an understanding of the theories and models in current use. Begins with a historical account of the discovery of liquid crystals and continues with a description of how different phases are generated and how different molecular architectures affect liquid crystal properties.

Liquid Crystals Beyond Displays

Quan Li
Liquid Crystals Beyond Displays Book PDF

Author : Quan Li
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 598 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-05-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118078617

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Liquid Crystals Beyond Displays by Quan Li Pdf

The chemistry, physics, and applications of liquid crystals beyond LCDs Liquid Crystals (LCs) combine order and mobility on a molecular and supramolecular level. But while these remarkable states of matter are most commonly associated with visual display technologies, they have important applications for a variety of other fields as well. Liquid Crystals Beyond Displays: Chemistry, Physics, and Applications considers these, bringing together cutting-edge research from some of the most promising areas of LC science. Featuring contributions from respected researchers from around the globe, this edited volume emphasizes the chemistry, physics, and applications of LCs in areas such as photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, filed-effect transistors, lasers, molecular motors, nanophotonics and biosensors. Specific chapters look at magnetic LCs, lyotropic chromonic LCs, LC-based chemical sensors, LCs in metamaterials, and much more. Introducing readers to the fundamentals of LC science through the use of illustrative examples, Liquid Crystals Beyond Displays covers not only the most recent research in the myriad areas in which LCs are being utilized, but also looks ahead, addressing potential future developments. Designed for physicists, chemists, engineers, and biologists working in academia or industry, as well as graduate students specializing in LC technology, this is the first book to consider LC applications across a wide range of fields.

Liquid Crystals

Birendra Bahadur
Liquid Crystals Book PDF

Author : Birendra Bahadur
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Science
ISBN : 9810229518

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Liquid Crystals by Birendra Bahadur Pdf

This book reviews comprehensively the technological, scientific, artistic and medical applications of liquid crystals. It starts with the basics of liquid crystals and covers electro-optical, thermo-optical, colour, polymeric, lyotropic, and scientific applications of liquid crystalline materials. It discusses the fabrication and operational principles of a full range of liquid crystal displays including dynamic scattering, twisted nematic, supertwisted nematic, dichroic, smectic A, ferroelectric, polymer dispersed, light valve, active matrix, etc., in detail. It also covers the emerging applications of liquid crystals such as optical computing, nonlinear optics, decorative and visual arts. Classification, theory, chemical structure, physical properties and surface alignment of liquid crystals have detailed chapters to facilitate the basic understanding of the science behind LCDs and other uses of liquid crystals. The chapters, liquid crystal polymers and lyotropic liquid crystals, give deep insight into these areas. The potential uses and applications are also described in detail.

The Physics of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals

Antônio M. Figueiredo Neto,Silvio R. A. Salinas
The Physics of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Book PDF

Author : Antônio M. Figueiredo Neto,Silvio R. A. Salinas
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2005-01-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191523489

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The Physics of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals by Antônio M. Figueiredo Neto,Silvio R. A. Salinas Pdf

This book gives a comprehensive description of the physical properties of lyotropic liquid crystals. Structural features, phase transitions and phase diagrams are discussed in detail. The available experimental data on lyotropic mixtures is presented in the unifying context of the Landau theories. This phenomenological approach is used for establishing connections between structural properties and phase diagrams. The book is suitable for use as a pedagogical introduction to the subject.

Fluids, Colloids and Soft Materials

Alberto Fernandez-Nieves,Antonio Manuel Puertas
Fluids Colloids and Soft Materials Book PDF

Author : Alberto Fernandez-Nieves,Antonio Manuel Puertas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2016-05-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118065624

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Fluids, Colloids and Soft Materials by Alberto Fernandez-Nieves,Antonio Manuel Puertas Pdf

This book presents a compilation of self-contained chapters covering a wide range of topics within the broad field of soft condensed matter. Each chapter starts with basic definitions to bring the reader up-to-date on the topic at hand, describing how to use fluid flows to generate soft materials of high value either for applications or for basic research. Coverage includes topics related to colloidal suspensions and soft materials and how they differ in behavior, along with a roadmap for researchers on how to use soft materials to study relevant physics questions related to geometrical frustration.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals

CL Khetrapal,A. Kunwar,A.S. Tracey,P. Diehl
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Book PDF

Author : CL Khetrapal,A. Kunwar,A.S. Tracey,P. Diehl
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642454738

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals by CL Khetrapal,A. Kunwar,A.S. Tracey,P. Diehl Pdf

1. Lyotropic Liquid Crystals The class of compounds known as thermotropic liquid crystals has been widely utilized in basic research and industry during recent years. The properties of these materials are such that on heating from the solid to the isotropic liquid state, phase transitions occur with the formation of one or more intermediate anisotropic liquids. The unique and sometimes startling properties of these liquid crystals are the properties of pure compounds. However, there exists a second class of substances known as lyotropic liquid crystals which obtain their anisotropic properties from the mixing of two or more components. One of the components is amphiphilic, containing a polar head group (generally ionic or zwitterionic) attached to one or more long-chain hydrocarbons; the second component is usually water. Lyotropic liquid crystals occur abundantly in nature, particularly in all living systems. As a consequence, a bright future seems assured for studies on such systems. Even now, many of the properties of these systems are poorly understood. It is the purpose of this review to consolidate the results obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance studies of such systems and to provide a coherent picture of the field. Probably the most familiar example of a lyotropic liquid crystal is soap in water. A common soap is sodium dodecylsulphate where an ionic group (sulphate) is attached to a hydrocarbon chain containing twelve carbons.

Liquid Crystals

Horst Stegemeyer
Liquid Crystals Book PDF

Author : Horst Stegemeyer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662083932

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Liquid Crystals by Horst Stegemeyer Pdf

In 1959, about 1400 compounds forming liquid crystalline phases were known; by 1992, this number had increased to about 50 000. In portable devices like wristwatches, pocket caculators, measuring instruments, and laptop computers the liquid crystal display technology has gained total acceptance and is on the way to encompass the market of colour TV screens. This development makes a volume devoted to liquid crystals in the series Topics in Physical Chemistry desirable. Following the concept of this series, an easy introduction to liquid crystals is given, enabling the reader to understand the basic problems of liquid crystals research and application. Because of the widespread field of different research activities in liquid crystals and applications, various competent authors have been involved in writing chapters on: - Phase types, structures, and chemistry of liquid crystals; - Thermodynamical behavior and physical properties of thermotropic liquid crystals; - Liquid crystalline polymers; - Lyotropic liquid crystals; - Application of liquid crystals in spectroscopy; - Application of liquid crystals in display technology.

New Trends in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals

Ingo Dierking ,Antonio Martins Figueiredo Neto
New Trends in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Book PDF

Author : Ingo Dierking ,Antonio Martins Figueiredo Neto
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783039433421

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New Trends in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals by Ingo Dierking ,Antonio Martins Figueiredo Neto Pdf

Liquid crystals (LCs) were discovered more than a century ago, and were, for a long time, treated as a physical curiosity, until the development of flat panel screens and display devices caused a revolution in the information display industry, and in fact in society. There would be no mobile phones without liquid crystals, no flat screen TVs or computer monitors, no virtual reality, just to name a few of the applications that have changed our whole world of vision and perception. All of these inventions are based on liquid crystals that are formed through a change in temperature, thermotropic LCs. However, there is another form of liquid crystals, described even earlier, yet much less talked about; the lyotropic liquid crystals that occur through the change of concentration of some molecules in a solvent. These are found in abundance in nature, making up the cell membranes, and are used extensively in the food, detergents and cosmetics industries. In this collection of articles by experts in their respective research areas, we bring together some of the most recent and innovative aspects of lyotropic liquid crystals, which we believe will drive future research and set novel trends in this field.

Liquid Crystals

Pawel Pieranski,Maria Helena Godinho
Liquid Crystals Book PDF

Author : Pawel Pieranski,Maria Helena Godinho
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781789450408

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Liquid Crystals by Pawel Pieranski,Maria Helena Godinho Pdf

This book on liquid crystals reports on the new perspectives that have been brought about by the recent expansion of frontiers and overhaul of common beliefs. First, it explores the interaction of light with mesophases, when the light or matter is endowed with topological defects. It goes on to show how electrophoresis, electro-osmosis and the swimming of flagellated bacteria are affected by the anisotropic properties of liquid crystals. It also reports on the recent progress in the understanding of thermomechanical and thermohydrodynamical effects in cholesterics and deformed nematics and refutes the common belief that these effects could explain Lehmann’s observations of the rotation of cholesteric droplets subjected to a temperature gradient. It then studies the physics of the dowser texture, which has remarkable properties. This is of particular interest in regards to nematic monopoles, which can easily be generated, set into motion and collided within it. Finally, this book deals with the spontaneous emergence of chirality in nematics made of achiral molecules, and provides a brief historical context of chirality

Liquid Crystal Colloids

Igor Muševič
Liquid Crystal Colloids Book PDF

Author : Igor Muševič
Publisher : Springer
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319549163

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Liquid Crystal Colloids by Igor Muševič Pdf

This book brings together the many concepts and discoveries in liquid crystal colloids contributed over the last twenty years and scattered across numerous articles and book chapters. It provides both a historical overview of the development of the field and a clear perspective on the future applications in photonics. The book covers all phenomena observed in liquid crystal colloids with an emphasis on experimental tools and applications of topology in condensed matter, as well as practical micro-photonics applications. It includes a number of spectacular manifestations of new topological phenomena not found or difficult to observe in other systems. Starting from the early works on nematic colloids, it explains the basics of topological defects in ordered media, charge and winding, and the elastic forces between colloidal particles in nematics. Following a detailed description of experimental methods, such as optical tweezing and particle tracking, the book eases the reader into the theoretical part, which deals with elastic deformation of nematic liquid crystals due to inclusions and surface alignment. This is discussed in the context of basic mean field Landau-de Gennes Q-tensor theory, with a brief explanation of the free-energy minimization numerical methods. There then follows an excursion into the topology of complex nematic colloidal structures, colloidal entanglement, knotting and linking. Nematic droplets, shells, handlebodies and chiral topological structures are addressed in separate chapters. The book concludes with an extensive chapter on the photonic properties of nematic dispersions, presenting the concept of integrated soft matter photonics and discussing the concepts of nematic and chiral nematic microlasers, surface-sensitive photonic devices and smectic microfibers. The text is complemented by a large bibliography, explanatory sketches and beautiful micrographs.

Crystals That Flow

Timothy J. Sluckin
Crystals That Flow Book PDF

Author : Timothy J. Sluckin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business
Page : 778 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2004-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 0415257891

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Crystals That Flow by Timothy J. Sluckin Pdf

The collection is divided into sections, each of which is prefaced by a brief commentary referring to the historic-scientific context of the time.

Introduction to Liquid Crystals

Peter J. Collings,Michael Hird
Introduction to Liquid Crystals Book PDF

Author : Peter J. Collings,Michael Hird
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351988780

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Introduction to Liquid Crystals by Peter J. Collings,Michael Hird Pdf

This text relies on only introductory level physics and chemistry as the foundation for understanding liquid crystal science. Liquid crystals combine the material properties of solids with the flow properties of fluids. As such they have provided the foundation for a revolution in low- power, flat-panel display technology LCDs. In this book, the essential elements of liquid crystal science are introduced and explained from the perspectives of both the chemist and the physicist.; The text begins with an historical account of the discovery of liquid crystals and continues with a description of how different phases are generated and how different molecular architectures affect liquid crystalline properties. The rest of the book is concerned with understanding and explaining the properties of the various types of liquid crystals, and in the final part of the book, the technology of LCDs is discussed and illustrated.

Liquid Crystals

L Liebert
Liquid Crystals Book PDF

Author : L Liebert
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323155991

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Liquid Crystals by L Liebert Pdf

Liquid Crystals provides information pertinent to the characterization and understanding of the liquid crystalline or ordered fluid. This book presents the important developments in the understanding of liquid crystals. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the various relations between liquid crystals and polymers. This text then examines the synthesis of very simple families of liquid crystals of the types required by the laboratory physicists. Other chapters consider the process of reorientation of the permanent dipole moments connected with changes in the field, which requires a definite time interval. This book discusses as well the lyotropic liquid crystals that can be formed by amphiphilic molecules as different as lipids and copolymers. The final chapter deals with the aspect of molecular pattern, which seems to be the most underestimated in the consideration of biological phenomena found in liquid crystal. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, physicists, and chemists.

Introduction to Liquid Crystals

E. Priestly
Introduction to Liquid Crystals Book PDF

Author : E. Priestly
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468421750

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Introduction to Liquid Crystals by E. Priestly Pdf

The existence of liquid crystals has been known for nearly a centu ry; yet it is only in the last ten years that their unique optical, electri cal, electro-optic, and thermal properties have been exploited to any significant extent in such technological applications as digital d~ plays and thermography. Digital watches equipped with liquid-crys tal displays (LCD's) have recently made their debut in the electronic watch market, and the large-scale use of LCD's in a variety of other applications requiring reliable, low-power digital displays is immi nent. There is good reason to believe that liquid crystals will be the first electro-optic materials to find widespread commercial use. Apart from applications, liquid crystals are unique among the phases of matter. Lurking beneath their garish display of color and texture is a great complexity of physical and chemical interaction that is only now beginning to unfold in the face of a decade-old resurgence in all aspects of liquid~rystal research. RCA Laboratories has participated in this resurgence from its beginning in the early 1960's and at present maintains active liquid-crystal programs both in basic re search and in device engineering. In view of the widespread interest in liquid crystals at RCA Labo ratories, an in-house weekly seminar devoted to the subject of liquid crystals was organized in the fall of 1973. The resulting lectures were subsequently published in three issues of the RCA Review and, with the incorporation of much additional material, eventually grew into the present volume.