Magnetic Skyrmions And Their Applications

Author : Giovanni Finocchio,Christos Panagopoulos
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128209332

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Magnetic Skyrmions and Their Applications by Giovanni Finocchio,Christos Panagopoulos Pdf

Magnetic skyrmions are particle-like objects described by localized solutions of non-linear partial differential equations. Up until a few decades ago, it was believed that magnetic skyrmions only existed in condensed matter as short-term excitations that would quickly collapse into linear singularities. The contrary was proven theoretically in 1989 and evidentially in 2009. It is now known that skyrmions can exist as long-living metastable configurations in low-symmetry condensed matter systems with broken mirror symmetry, increasing the potential applications possible. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delves into the fundamental principles and most recent research and developments surrounding these unique magnetic particles. Despite achievements in the synthesis of systems stabilizing chiral magnetic skyrmions and the variety of experimental investigations and numerical calculations, there have not been many summaries of the fundamental physical principles governing magnetic skyrmions or integrating those concepts with methods of detection, characterization and potential applications. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delivers a coherent, state-of-the-art discussion on the current knowledge and potential applications of magnetic skyrmions in magnetic materials and device applications. First the book reviews key concepts such as topology, magnetism and materials for magnetic skyrmions. Then, charactization methods, physical mechanisms, and emerging applications are discussed. Covers background knowledge and details the basic principles of magnetic skyrmions, including materials, characterization, statics and dynamics Reviews materials for skyrmion stabilization including bulk materials and interface-dominated multilayer materials Describes both well-known and unconventional applications of magnetic skyrmions, such as memristors and reservoir computing

Author : Dipti Ranjan Sahu
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-07-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781839692529

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Magnetic Skyrmions by Dipti Ranjan Sahu Pdf

Magnetic skyrmionics is an advanced and active research field, which involves fundamental physics, the creation of efficient next-generation high-density information devices, the formation and manipulation of nanometer-size skyrmions in devices, and the development of compatible materials at room temperature. The magnetic skyrmions found in magnetic materials exhibit spiral magnetism. This book presents a basic overview of magnetic skyrmions along with current research on magnetic skyrmions, emphasizing formation mechanisms and materials design strategies. This book is suitable for an interdisciplinary audience of undergraduates, graduates, engineers, scientists, and researchers in the development of the next generation of spintronic devices.

Author : J. Ping Liu,Zhidong Zhang,Guoping Zhao
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2016-12-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781315284163

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Skyrmions by J. Ping Liu,Zhidong Zhang,Guoping Zhao Pdf

"The book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field." – Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword) A skyrmion is a tiny region of reversed magnetization – quasiparticles since they are not present except in a magnetic state, and also give rise to physics that cannot be described by Maxwell’s equations. These particles are fascinating subjects for theoretical and experimental studies. Moreover, as a new type of magnetic domain structure with special topological structures, skyrmions feature outstanding magnetic and transport properties and may well have applications in data storage and other advanced spintronic devices, as readers will see in this book. Chapters address the relationships between physical properties of condensed matter, such as the AB effect, Berry phase effect, quantum Hall effect, and topological insulators. Overall, it provides a timely introduction to the fundamental aspects and possible applications of magnetic skyrmions to an interdisciplinary audience from condensed matter physics, chemistry, and materials science.

Author : J. Ping Liu,Zhidong Zhang,Guoping Zhao
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781315284156

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Skyrmions by J. Ping Liu,Zhidong Zhang,Guoping Zhao Pdf

"The book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field." – Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword) A skyrmion is a tiny region of reversed magnetization – quasiparticles since they are not present except in a magnetic state, and also give rise to physics that cannot be described by Maxwell’s equations. These particles are fascinating subjects for theoretical and experimental studies. Moreover, as a new type of magnetic domain structure with special topological structures, skyrmions feature outstanding magnetic and transport properties and may well have applications in data storage and other advanced spintronic devices, as readers will see in this book. Chapters address the relationships between physical properties of condensed matter, such as the AB effect, Berry phase effect, quantum Hall effect, and topological insulators. Overall, it provides a timely introduction to the fundamental aspects and possible applications of magnetic skyrmions to an interdisciplinary audience from condensed matter physics, chemistry, and materials science.

Author : Huaiyang Yuan,Xichao Zhang,Cynthia Reichhardt
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832500651

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Generation, Detection and Manipulation of Skyrmions in Magnetic Nanostructures by Huaiyang Yuan,Xichao Zhang,Cynthia Reichhardt Pdf

Author : Nicholas S Manton
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781800612495

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Skyrmions - A Theory Of Nuclei by Nicholas S Manton Pdf

Skyrmions - A Theory of Nuclei surveys 60 years of research into the brilliant and imaginative idea of Tony Skyrme that atomic nuclei can be modelled as Skyrmions, topologically stable states in an effective quantum field theory of pions. Skyrme theory emerges as a low-energy approximation to the more fundamental theory of quarks and gluons - quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Skyrmions give spatial structure to the protons and neutrons inside nuclei, and capture the interactions of these basic particles, allowing them to partially merge. Skyrme theory also gives a topological explanation for the conservation of baryon number, a fundamental principle of physics.The book summarises the particle and field theory background, then presents Skyrme field theory together with the mathematics needed to understand it. Many beautiful and surprisingly symmetric Skyrmions are described and illustrated in colour. Quantized Skyrmion motion models the momentum, energy and spin of nuclei, and also their isospin, the quantum number distinguishing protons and neutrons. Skyrmion vibrations also need to be quantized, and the book reviews how the complicated energy spectra of several nuclei, including Carbon-12 and Oxygen-16, are accurately modelled by rotational/vibrational states of Skyrmions. A later chapter explores variants of Skyrme theory, incorporating mesons heavier than pions, and extending the basic theory to include particles like kaons that contain strange quarks. The final chapter introduces the Sakai-Sugimoto model, which relates Skyrmions to gauge theory instantons in a higher-dimensional framework inspired by string theory.

Author : Louise Desplat
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2021-02-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030660260

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Thermal Stability of Metastable Magnetic Skyrmions by Louise Desplat Pdf

The energy cost associated with modern information technologies has been increasing exponentially over time, stimulating the search for alternative information storage and processing devices. Magnetic skyrmions are solitonic nanometer-scale quasiparticles whose unique topological properties can be thought of as that of a Mobius strip. Skyrmions are envisioned as information carriers in novel information processing and storage devices with low power consumption and high information density. As such, they could contribute to solving the energy challenge. In order to be used in applications, isolated skyrmions must be thermally stable at the scale of years. In this work, their stability is studied through two main approaches: the Kramers' method in the form of Langer's theory, and the forward flux sampling method. Good agreement is found between the two methods. We find that small skyrmions possess low internal energy barriers, but are stabilized by a large activation entropy. This is a direct consequence of the existence of stable modes of deformation of the skyrmion. Additionally, frustrated exchange that arises at some transition metal interfaces leads to new collapse paths in the form of the partial nucleation of the corresponding antiparticle, as merons and antimerons.

Author : Shinichiro Seki,Masahito Mochizuki
Publisher : Springer
Page : 69 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319246512

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Skyrmions in Magnetic Materials by Shinichiro Seki,Masahito Mochizuki Pdf

This brief reviews current research on magnetic skyrmions, with emphasis on formation mechanisms, observation techniques, and materials design strategies. The response of skyrmions, both static and dynamical, to various electromagnetic fields is also covered in detail. Recent progress in magnetic imaging techniques has enabled the observation of skyrmions in real space, as well as the analysis of their ordering manner and the details of their internal structure. In metallic systems, conduction electrons moving through the skyrmion spin texture gain a nontrivial quantum Berry phase, which provides topological force to the underlying spin texture and enables the current-induced manipulation of magnetic skyrmions. On the other hand, skyrmions in an insulator can induce electric polarization through relativistic spin-orbit interaction, paving the way for the control of skyrmions by an external electric field without loss of Joule heating. Because of its nanometric scale, particle nature, and electric controllability, skyrmions are considered as potential candidates for new information carriers in the next generation of spintronics devices.

Author : Kaiyou Wang,Meiyin Yang,Jun Luo
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2022-07-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119698975

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Spintronics by Kaiyou Wang,Meiyin Yang,Jun Luo Pdf

Discover the latest advances in spintronic materials, devices, and applications In Spintronics: Materials, Devices and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a holistic introduction to spintronic effects within cutting-edge materials and applications. Containing the perfect balance of academic research and practical application, the book discusses the potential—and the key limitations and challenges—of spintronic devices. The latest title in the Wiley Series in Materials for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications, Spintronics: Materials, Devices and Applications explores giant magneto-resistance (GMR) and tunneling magnetic resistance (TMR) materials, spin-transfer torque and spin-orbit torque materials, spin oscillators, and spin materials for use in artificial neural networks. Applications in multi-ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic materials are presented as well. This book also includes: A thorough introduction to recent research developments in the fields of spintronic materials, devices, and applications Comprehensive explorations of skymions, magnetic semiconductors, and antiferromagnetic materials Practical discussions of spin-transfer torque materials and devices for magnetic random-access memory In-depth examinations of giant magneto-resistance materials and devices for magnetic sensors Perfect for advanced students and researchers in materials science, physics, electronics, and computer science, Spintronics: Materials, Devices and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in the manufacture of optics, photonics, and nanometrology equipment.

Author : Peter W. Hawkes,John C.H. Spence
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1561 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030000691

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Springer Handbook of Microscopy by Peter W. Hawkes,John C.H. Spence Pdf

This book features reviews by leading experts on the methods and applications of modern forms of microscopy. The recent awards of Nobel Prizes awarded for super-resolution optical microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy have demonstrated the rich scientific opportunities for research in novel microscopies. Earlier Nobel Prizes for electron microscopy (the instrument itself and applications to biology), scanning probe microscopy and holography are a reminder of the central role of microscopy in modern science, from the study of nanostructures in materials science, physics and chemistry to structural biology. Separate chapters are devoted to confocal, fluorescent and related novel optical microscopies, coherent diffractive imaging, scanning probe microscopy, transmission electron microscopy in all its modes from aberration corrected and analytical to in-situ and time-resolved, low energy electron microscopy, photoelectron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy in biology, and also ion microscopy. In addition to serving as an essential reference for researchers and teachers in the fields such as materials science, condensed matter physics, solid-state chemistry, structural biology and the molecular sciences generally, the Springer Handbook of Microscopy is a unified, coherent and pedagogically attractive text for advanced students who need an authoritative yet accessible guide to the science and practice of microscopy.

Author : Jagannath Jena
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031039102

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Discovery of Co-existing Non-collinear Spin Textures in D2d Heusler Compounds by Jagannath Jena Pdf

Non-collinear spin textures have attracted significant attention due to their topological nature, emergent electromagnetic properties, and potential spintronic and magnonic device applications. This book explores the physical properties of distinct spin textures in D2d compounds. The main goals of the work are (a) discovering new spin textures in D2d Heusler compounds and studying their detailed properties to enrich the field of non-collinear magnetism (b) optimizing the nano-track geometry and generating isolated and single chains of nano-objects that will establish new hallmarks for technological applications (c) studying the stability of spin textures with magnetic fields and temperatures and finding a way to observe the striking behavior of spin textures near the specimen edges. The first few chapters provide a brief overview of spin textures such as Bloch and Néel skyrmions. In the experimental methods section, the author shows how to identify the single-crystalline grains of a polycrystalline sample, how to make single-crystalline thin specimens and nano-tracks, and then provides explicit descriptions of different imaging techniques performed on a transmission electron microscope. This part will be valuable for beginners wishing to conduct research in experimental nano-magnetism and transmission electron microscope imaging. The core results of the book are presented in four chapters, describing the discovery of several new and unanticipated spin textures, namely square-shaped antiskyrmions, elliptical Bloch skyrmions, fractional antiskyrmions, fractional Bloch skyrmions and elongated (anti)skyrmions in a single D2d Heusler compound. It is shown that these textures can be understood by a combination of dipole-dipole interactions and a chiral vector exchange that makes it possible to stabilize various spin textures even in the same compound. The D2d compounds are the first non-centrosymmetric systems shown to host several co-existing non-collinear spin textures.

Author : Shilei Zhang
Publisher : Springer
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319982526

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Chiral and Topological Nature of Magnetic Skyrmions by Shilei Zhang Pdf

This book focuses on the characterisation of the chiral and topological nature of magnetic skyrmions in noncentrosymmetric helimagnets. In these materials, the skyrmion lattice phase appears as a long-range-ordered, close-packed grid of nearly millimetre-level correlation length, while the size of a single skyrmion is 3–100 nm. This is a very challenging range of length scales (spanning 5 orders of magnitude from tens of nm to mm) for magnetic characterisation techniques, and, to date, extensive information on this fascinating, magnetically ordered state has remained elusive. In response, this work develops novel resonant elastic x-ray scattering (REXS) techniques, which allow the magnetic structure, including the long-range order and domain formation, as well as microscopic skyrmion parameters, to be measured across the full range of length scales. Most importantly, using circular dichroism in REXS, the internal structure of a given skyrmion, the topological winding number, and the skyrmion helicity angle can all be unambiguously determined. These new techniques are applicable to many materials systems, and allow us to retrieve information on modulated spin structures, multiferroic order, spin-density-waves, and other forms of topological magnetic order.

Author : Chaoqun Liu,Yifei Yu
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2024-01-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781837686407

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Vortex Simulation and Identification by Chaoqun Liu,Yifei Yu Pdf

This book includes six chapters covering new vortex theories, vortex identification methods, and vortex simulation and applications. Vortices are ubiquitous in the universe and include tornados, hurricanes, airplane tip vortices, polar vortices, and even star vortices in the galaxy. Vortices are also building blocks, muscles, and sinews of turbulent flows. This book is useful for researchers in hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, thermodynamics, oceanography, meteorology, metallurgy, civil engineering, astronomy, biology, and more. It is also useful for research on the generation, sustenance, modeling, and controlling of turbulence.

Author : Eugene Kamenetskii
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 587 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2021-03-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030628444

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Chirality, Magnetism and Magnetoelectricity by Eugene Kamenetskii Pdf

This book discusses theoretical and experimental advances in metamaterial structures, which are of fundamental importance to many applications in microwave and optical-wave physics and materials science. Metamaterial structures exhibit time-reversal and space-inversion symmetry breaking due to the effects of magnetism and chirality. The book addresses the characteristic properties of various symmetry breaking processes by studying field-matter interaction with use of conventional electromagnetic waves and novel types of engineered fields: twisted-photon fields, toroidal fields, and magnetoelectric fields. In a system with a combined effect of simultaneous breaking of space and time inversion symmetries, one observes the magnetochiral effect. Another similar phenomenon featuring space-time inversion symmetries is related to use of magnetoelectric materials. Cross-coupling of the electric and magnetic components in these material structures, leading to the appearance of new magnetic modes with an electric excitation channel – electromagnons and skyrmions – has resulted in a wealth of strong optical effects such as directional dichroism, magnetochiral dichroism, and rotatory power of the fields. This book contains multifaceted contributions from international leading experts and covers the essential aspects of symmetry-breaking effects, including theory, modeling and design, proven and potential applications in practical devices, fabrication, characterization and measurement. It is ideally suited as an introduction and basic reference work for researchers and graduate students entering this field.

Author : L H Bennett,R E Watson
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1994-12-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789814571067

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Magnetic Multilayers by L H Bennett,R E Watson Pdf

This book focuses on an increasingly important area of materials science and technology, namely, the fabrication and properties of artificial materials where slabs of magnetized materials are sandwiched between slabs of nonmagnetized materials. It includes reviews by experts on the theory and descriptions of the various experimental techniques such as those using nuclear or electron spin probes, as well as optical, X-ray or neutron probes. It also reviews potential applications such as the giant magnetoresistance, and one specialized preparation technique, the electrodeposition. The various chapters are tutorial in nature, making the subject accessible to nonspecialists, as well as useful to researchers in the field. Contents: Application of Magnetic Multilayers (M Pardavi-Horvath)Magnetic Coupling in Metallic Multilayers (Y Yafet)First-Principles Calculations of Magnetic Interfaces and Multilayers (M Weinert ' S Blügel)Influence of Imperfections on the Magnetic Properties of Fe/Ag Films and Multilayers (J Pirnay et al.)NMR Studies on Magnetic Multilayers (H A M de Gronckel ' W J M de Jonge)Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Magnetic Multilayers (Ch Sauer ' W Zinn)Resonance in Coupled Ferromagnetic Layer Structures (P E Wigen)Magnetic Circular X-Ray Dichroism (F Baudelet et al.)Magneto-Optical Spectra in Multilayers (K Sato)Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Magnetic Multilayers (C F Majkrzak et al.)Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) in Multilayers (M Pardavi-Horvath)Electrodeposited Magnetic Multilayers (M P Dariel et al.) Readership: Graduate students, professional researchers and well-educated others (eg. contract officers). keywords:Magnetic Multilayers;Circular Dichroism;Giant Magnetoresistance;Magnetic Interfaces;Magnetic Multilayers: Effect of Imperfections;Conversion Electron Mossbauer Spectroscopy;Multilayer Magnetic Coupling;Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy;Neutron Diffraction;Magnetic Xray Diffraction;Magnetic Multilayer Fabrication;Supermirrors;Magnetic Recording;RKKY Coupling;Nuclear Magnetic Resonance;Ferromagnetic Resonance