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Skyrmions in Condensed Matter by Jung Hoon Han Pdf
This book summarizes some of the most exciting theoretical developments in the topological phenomena of skyrmions in noncentrosymmetric magnetic systems over recent decades. After presenting pedagogical backgrounds to the Berry phase and homotopy theory, the author systematically discusses skyrmions in the order of their development, from the Ginzburg-Landau theory, CP1 theory, Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert theory, and Monte Carlo numerical approaches. Modern topics, such as the skyrmion-electron interaction, skyrmion-magnon interaction, and various generation mechanisms of the skyrmion are examined with a focus on their general theoretical aspects. The book concludes with a chapter on the skyrmion phenomena in the cold atom context. The topics are presented at a level accessible to beginning graduate students without a substantial background in field theory. The book can also be used as a text for those who wish to engage in the physics of skyrmions in magnetic systems, or as an introduction to the various theoretical methods used in studying current condensed-matter systems.
Skyrmions by J. Ping Liu,Zhidong Zhang,Guoping Zhao Pdf
"The book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field." – Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword) A skyrmion is a tiny region of reversed magnetization – quasiparticles since they are not present except in a magnetic state, and also give rise to physics that cannot be described by Maxwell’s equations. These particles are fascinating subjects for theoretical and experimental studies. Moreover, as a new type of magnetic domain structure with special topological structures, skyrmions feature outstanding magnetic and transport properties and may well have applications in data storage and other advanced spintronic devices, as readers will see in this book. Chapters address the relationships between physical properties of condensed matter, such as the AB effect, Berry phase effect, quantum Hall effect, and topological insulators. Overall, it provides a timely introduction to the fundamental aspects and possible applications of magnetic skyrmions to an interdisciplinary audience from condensed matter physics, chemistry, and materials science.
Magnetic Skyrmions and Their Applications by Giovanni Finocchio,Christos Panagopoulos Pdf
Magnetic skyrmions are particle-like objects described by localized solutions of non-linear partial differential equations. Up until a few decades ago, it was believed that magnetic skyrmions only existed in condensed matter as short-term excitations that would quickly collapse into linear singularities. The contrary was proven theoretically in 1989 and evidentially in 2009. It is now known that skyrmions can exist as long-living metastable configurations in low-symmetry condensed matter systems with broken mirror symmetry, increasing the potential applications possible. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delves into the fundamental principles and most recent research and developments surrounding these unique magnetic particles. Despite achievements in the synthesis of systems stabilizing chiral magnetic skyrmions and the variety of experimental investigations and numerical calculations, there have not been many summaries of the fundamental physical principles governing magnetic skyrmions or integrating those concepts with methods of detection, characterization and potential applications. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delivers a coherent, state-of-the-art discussion on the current knowledge and potential applications of magnetic skyrmions in magnetic materials and device applications. First the book reviews key concepts such as topology, magnetism and materials for magnetic skyrmions. Then, charactization methods, physical mechanisms, and emerging applications are discussed. Covers background knowledge and details the basic principles of magnetic skyrmions, including materials, characterization, statics and dynamics Reviews materials for skyrmion stabilization including bulk materials and interface-dominated multilayer materials Describes both well-known and unconventional applications of magnetic skyrmions, such as memristors and reservoir computing
Thermal Stability of Metastable Magnetic Skyrmions by Louise Desplat Pdf
The energy cost associated with modern information technologies has been increasing exponentially over time, stimulating the search for alternative information storage and processing devices. Magnetic skyrmions are solitonic nanometer-scale quasiparticles whose unique topological properties can be thought of as that of a Mobius strip. Skyrmions are envisioned as information carriers in novel information processing and storage devices with low power consumption and high information density. As such, they could contribute to solving the energy challenge. In order to be used in applications, isolated skyrmions must be thermally stable at the scale of years. In this work, their stability is studied through two main approaches: the Kramers' method in the form of Langer's theory, and the forward flux sampling method. Good agreement is found between the two methods. We find that small skyrmions possess low internal energy barriers, but are stabilized by a large activation entropy. This is a direct consequence of the existence of stable modes of deformation of the skyrmion. Additionally, frustrated exchange that arises at some transition metal interfaces leads to new collapse paths in the form of the partial nucleation of the corresponding antiparticle, as merons and antimerons.
The Multifaceted Skyrmion by Gerald Edward Brown,Mannque Rho Pdf
1. Skyrmions and nuclei / R.A. Battye, N.S. Manton and P.M. Sutcliffe -- 2. Electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon in chiral soliton models / G. Holzwarth -- 3. Exotic baryon resonances in the Skyrme model / D. Diakonov and V. Petrov -- 4. Heavy-quark skyrmions / N.N. Scoccola -- 5. Skyrmion approach to finite density and temperature / B.-Y. Park and V. Vento -- 6. Half-skyrmion hadronic matter at high density / H.K. Lee and M. Rho -- 7. Superqualitons : baryons in dense QCD / D.K. Hong -- 8. Rotational symmetry breaking in baby skyrme models / M. Karliner and I. Hen -- 9. Spin and isospin : exotic order in quantum hall ferromagnets / S.M. Girvin -- 10. Noncommutative skyrmions in quantum hall systems / Z.F. Ezawa and G. Tsitsishvili -- 11. Skyrmions and merons in bilayer quantum hall system / K. Moon -- 12. Spin and pseudospin textures in quantum hall systems / H.A. Fertig and L. Brey -- 13. Half-skyrmion theory for high-temperature superconductivity / T. Morinari -- 14. Deconfined quantum critical points / T. Senthil [und weitere] -- 15. Skyrmion and string theory / S. Sugimoto -- 16. Holographic baryons / P. Yi -- 17. The Cheshire cat principle from holography / H.B. Nielsen and I. Zahed -- 18. Baryon physics in a five-dimensional model of hadrons / A. Pomarol and A. Wulzer
The Multifaceted Skyrmion by Mannque Rho,Ismail Zahed Pdf
' This book presents, in the form of reviews by world''s leading physicists in wide-ranging fields in theoretical physics, the influence and prescience of Skyrme''s daring idea of 1960, originally conceived for nuclear physics, that fermions can arise from bosons via topological solitons, pervasively playing a powerful role in wide-ranging areas of physics, from nuclear/astrophysics, to particle physics, to string theory and to condensed matter physics. The skyrmion description, both from gauge theory and from gauge/gravity duality, offers solutions to some long-standing and extremely difficult problems at high baryonic density, inaccessible by QCD proper. It also offers explanations and makes startling predictions for fascinating new phenomena in condensed matter systems. In both cases, what is at the core is the topology although the phenomena are drastically different, even involving different spacetime dimensions. This second edition has been expanded with addition of new reviews and extensively updated to take into account the latest developments in the field. Contents:Hadrons and Nuclear Matter:Skyrmions and Nuclei (R A Battye, N S Manton and P M Sutcliffe)States of Carbon-12 in the Skyrme Model (P H C Lau and N S Manton)Electromagnetic Form Factors of the Nucleon in Chiral Soliton Models (G Holzwarth)Exotic Baryon Resonances in the Skyrme Model (D Diakonov and V Petrov)Heavy-Quark Skyrmions (N N Scoccola)Pentaquark Candidates P+c(4380) and P+c(4450) within the Soliton Picture of Baryons (N N Scoccola, D O Riska and M Rho)Skyrmion Approach to Finite Density and Temperature (B-Y Park and V Vento)Fractionized Skyrmions in Dense Compact-Star Matter (M Harada, Y-L Ma, H K Lee and M Rho)The Skyrme Model in the BPS Limit (C Adam, C Naya, J Sánchez-Guillén, R Vazquez and A Wereszczyński)Superqualitons: Baryons in Dense QCD (D K Hong)Condensed Matter:Rotational Symmetry Breaking in Baby Skyrme Models (M Karliner and I Hen)Emergent Gauge Fields and Their Nonperturbative Effects in Correlated Electrons (K-S Kim and A Tanaka)Spin and Isospin: Exotic Order in Quantum Hall Ferromanets (S M Girvin)Noncommutative Skyrmions in Quantum Hall Systems (Z F Ezawa and G Tsitsishvili)Meron-Pair Excitations in Bilayer Quantum Hall System (K Moon)Spin and Pseudospin Textures in Quantum Hall Systems (H A Fertig and L Brey)Half-Skyrmion Theory for High-Temperature Superconductivity (T Morinari)Deconfined Quantum Critical Points (T Senthil, A Vishwanath, L Balents, S Sachdev and M P A Fisher)Skyrmions in a Density-Wave State: A Mechanism for Chiral Superconductivity (S Chakravarty and C-H Hsu)String Theory:Skyrmion and String Theory (S Sugimoto)Holographic Baryons (P Yi)The Cheshire Cat Principle from Holography (H B Nielsen and I Zahed)Baryon Physics in a Five-Dimensional Model of Hadrons (A Pomarol and A Wulzer)Holographic Skyrmions (P M Sutcliffe)Holographic Baryons and Instanton Crystal (V Kaplunovsky, D Melnikov and J Sonnenschein) Readership: Research scientists in the fields of condensed matter physics, nuclear and particle physics, and string theory. '
Skyrmions in Magnetic Materials by Shinichiro Seki,Masahito Mochizuki Pdf
This brief reviews current research on magnetic skyrmions, with emphasis on formation mechanisms, observation techniques, and materials design strategies. The response of skyrmions, both static and dynamical, to various electromagnetic fields is also covered in detail. Recent progress in magnetic imaging techniques has enabled the observation of skyrmions in real space, as well as the analysis of their ordering manner and the details of their internal structure. In metallic systems, conduction electrons moving through the skyrmion spin texture gain a nontrivial quantum Berry phase, which provides topological force to the underlying spin texture and enables the current-induced manipulation of magnetic skyrmions. On the other hand, skyrmions in an insulator can induce electric polarization through relativistic spin-orbit interaction, paving the way for the control of skyrmions by an external electric field without loss of Joule heating. Because of its nanometric scale, particle nature, and electric controllability, skyrmions are considered as potential candidates for new information carriers in the next generation of spintronics devices.
Emerging Non-volatile Memory Technologies by Wen Siang Lew,Gerard Joseph Lim,Putu Andhita Dananjaya Pdf
This book offers a balanced and comprehensive guide to the core principles, fundamental properties, experimental approaches, and state-of-the-art applications of two major groups of emerging non-volatile memory technologies, i.e. spintronics-based devices as well as resistive switching devices, also known as Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM). The first section presents different types of spintronic-based devices, i.e. magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), domain wall, and skyrmion memory devices. This section describes how their developments have led to various promising applications, such as microwave oscillators, detectors, magnetic logic, and neuromorphic engineered systems. In the second half of the book, the underlying device physics supported by different experimental observations and modelling of RRAM devices are presented with memory array level implementation. An insight into RRAM desired properties as synaptic element in neuromorphic computing platforms from material and algorithms viewpoint is also discussed with specific example in automatic sound classification framework.
Topology in Magnetism by Jiadong Zang,Vincent Cros,Axel Hoffmann Pdf
This book presents both experimental and theoretical aspects of topology in magnetism. It first discusses how the topology in real space is relevant for a variety of magnetic spin structures, including domain walls, vortices, skyrmions, and dynamic excitations, and then focuses on the phenomena that are driven by distinct topology in reciprocal momentum space, such as anomalous and spin Hall effects, topological insulators, and Weyl semimetals. Lastly, it examines how topology influences dynamic phenomena and excitations (such as spin waves, magnons, localized dynamic solitons, and Majorana fermions). The book also shows how these developments promise to lead the transformative revolution of information technology.
Vortex Simulation and Identification by Chaoqun Liu,Yifei Yu Pdf
This book includes six chapters covering new vortex theories, vortex identification methods, and vortex simulation and applications. Vortices are ubiquitous in the universe and include tornados, hurricanes, airplane tip vortices, polar vortices, and even star vortices in the galaxy. Vortices are also building blocks, muscles, and sinews of turbulent flows. This book is useful for researchers in hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, thermodynamics, oceanography, meteorology, metallurgy, civil engineering, astronomy, biology, and more. It is also useful for research on the generation, sustenance, modeling, and controlling of turbulence.
Discovery of Co-existing Non-collinear Spin Textures in D2d Heusler Compounds by Jagannath Jena Pdf
Non-collinear spin textures have attracted significant attention due to their topological nature, emergent electromagnetic properties, and potential spintronic and magnonic device applications. This book explores the physical properties of distinct spin textures in D2d compounds. The main goals of the work are (a) discovering new spin textures in D2d Heusler compounds and studying their detailed properties to enrich the field of non-collinear magnetism (b) optimizing the nano-track geometry and generating isolated and single chains of nano-objects that will establish new hallmarks for technological applications (c) studying the stability of spin textures with magnetic fields and temperatures and finding a way to observe the striking behavior of spin textures near the specimen edges. The first few chapters provide a brief overview of spin textures such as Bloch and Néel skyrmions. In the experimental methods section, the author shows how to identify the single-crystalline grains of a polycrystalline sample, how to make single-crystalline thin specimens and nano-tracks, and then provides explicit descriptions of different imaging techniques performed on a transmission electron microscope. This part will be valuable for beginners wishing to conduct research in experimental nano-magnetism and transmission electron microscope imaging. The core results of the book are presented in four chapters, describing the discovery of several new and unanticipated spin textures, namely square-shaped antiskyrmions, elliptical Bloch skyrmions, fractional antiskyrmions, fractional Bloch skyrmions and elongated (anti)skyrmions in a single D2d Heusler compound. It is shown that these textures can be understood by a combination of dipole-dipole interactions and a chiral vector exchange that makes it possible to stabilize various spin textures even in the same compound. The D2d compounds are the first non-centrosymmetric systems shown to host several co-existing non-collinear spin textures.
Thomas Beyer,Ewald Moser,Dieter W. Heermann,Christian F. Klingenberg,James Sauls,José W. F. Valle,Jan de Boer,Emilio Elizalde,Dumitru Baleanu,Alex Hansen,Nicholas X. Fang,Lorenzo Pavesi,Bretislav Friedrich,Christine Charles,Matjaž Perc,Jasper Van Der Gucht,Rudolf von Steiger,Claudio Bogazzi
Author : Thomas Beyer,Ewald Moser,Dieter W. Heermann,Christian F. Klingenberg,James Sauls,José W. F. Valle,Jan de Boer,Emilio Elizalde,Dumitru Baleanu,Alex Hansen,Nicholas X. Fang,Lorenzo Pavesi,Bretislav Friedrich,Christine Charles,Matjaž Perc,Jasper Van Der Gucht,Rudolf von Steiger,Claudio Bogazzi Publisher : Frontiers Media SA Page : 190 pages File Size : 41,7 Mb Release : 2019-02-22 Category : Electronic ISBN : 9782889458042
Frontiers in Physics - 2017 & 2018 Editor's Choice by Thomas Beyer,Ewald Moser,Dieter W. Heermann,Christian F. Klingenberg,James Sauls,José W. F. Valle,Jan de Boer,Emilio Elizalde,Dumitru Baleanu,Alex Hansen,Nicholas X. Fang,Lorenzo Pavesi,Bretislav Friedrich,Christine Charles,Matjaž Perc,Jasper Van Der Gucht,Rudolf von Steiger,Claudio Bogazzi Pdf
Launched in 2013, Frontiers in Physics consists of 18 specialties covering all areas of research in physics. With over 500 published manuscripts, the journal is now indexed in SCIE with the first impact factor coming in 2019. Frontiers in Physics aims to become the largest and most cited open access multidisciplinary physics journal. This eBook collects what the Specialty Chief Editors of the journal believed were the most interesting manuscripts published over the past two years. It is a nice collection, which will offer the reader the chance to have a quick overview of the specialties of the journal and offer a glimpse into the state of the art of physics. We must confess that it has been quite challenging to select only one article per specialty section given the many important manuscripts published by the journal in 2017 and 2018. We invite our reader to have a look at the journal homepage and browse what we have published so far. It includes articles on topics very different from each other, written by both early career scientists and well-known researchers, ranging from the indisputable advance of the field to the more bold. We hope you enjoy reading our first edition of the Frontiers in Physics Editor's Choice eBook! Professor Alex Hansen (Field Chief Editor) and Dr Claudio Bogazzi (Journal Manager)