Mechanical Stress Functional Adaptation And The Variation Structure Of The Human Femur Diaphysis

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Mechanical Stress, Functional Adaptation and the Variation Structure of the Human Femur Diaphysis

E. Amtmann
Mechanical Stress Functional Adaptation and the Variation Structure of the Human Femur Diaphysis Book PDF

Author : E. Amtmann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 87 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642652301

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Mechanical Stress, Functional Adaptation and the Variation Structure of the Human Femur Diaphysis by E. Amtmann Pdf

According to the classical theory of functional structure of bone which was developed by J. Wolff (1884, 1892) and W. Roux (1895) following the investigations of the functional architecture of the substantia spongiosa by H. von Meyer (1867), bone is "functionally" laid down in gross form as well as in minute architecture in accordance with the "maximum-minimum-law". As a result of functional adaptation, a maximum of efficiency is achieved with a minimum of material (Kummer, 1962a). In this sense functional adaptation is a reaction of adaptation of the idiotype-within the bounds of the reaction norm-to a changed internal environment, that is in this case an adaptation to changed mechanical stresses. 1. The Formation of the Normal Femur Shape The heredity basis of shape characteristics of human femora is really unknown. Identical twins show a significant lower variability of length of femur than binovular twins. Population variability of length of femur due to heritability may exceed twice the variability due to environmental factors (Knussmann, 1968). A significant part of the total variation of femur shape characteristics remains therefore unexplained supposing that the sources of variation due to heritability and environmental factors are also nearly the same for the other traits.

Reconstructing Mobility

Kristian J. Carlson,Damiano Marchi
Reconstructing Mobility Book PDF

Author : Kristian J. Carlson,Damiano Marchi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2014-08-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489974600

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Reconstructing Mobility by Kristian J. Carlson,Damiano Marchi Pdf

Assembles a collection of experts to provide a current account of different approaches (e.g., traditional, comparative and experimental) being applied to study mobility. Moreover, the book aims to stimulate new theoretical perspectives that adopt a holistic view of the interaction among intrinsic (i.e. skeletal) and extrinsic (i.e. environmental) factors that influence differential expression of mobility. Since the environment undoubtedly impacts mobility of a wide variety of animals, insights into human mobility, as a concept, can be improved by extending approaches to investigating comparable environmental influences on mobility in animals in general. The book teases apart environmental effects that transcend typical categories (e.g., coastal versus inland, mountainous versus level, arboreal versus terrestrial). Such an approach, when coupled with a new emphasis on mobility as types of activities rather than activity levels, offers a fresh, insightful perspective on mobility and how it might affect the musculoskeletal system.

Forensic Biomechanics and Human Injury

Harold Franck,Darren Franck
Forensic Biomechanics and Human Injury Book PDF

Author : Harold Franck,Darren Franck
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-18
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781482258882

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Forensic Biomechanics and Human Injury by Harold Franck,Darren Franck Pdf

Forensic Biomechanics and Human Injury: Criminal and Civil Applications An Engineering Approach provides a concise, comprehensive overview of human anatomy and the biomechanical factors involved in human injury. It describes the methodologies used to compute the various forces, stresses, and energies required to injure the human body.The book cov

Understanding Body Shapes of Animals

Holger Preuschoft
Understanding Body Shapes of Animals Book PDF

Author : Holger Preuschoft
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 587 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2022-06-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030276683

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Understanding Body Shapes of Animals by Holger Preuschoft Pdf

This book discusses how and why animals evolved into particular shapes. The book identifies the physical laws which decide over the evolutionary (selective) value of body shape and morphological characters. Comparing the mechanical necessities with morphological details, the author attempts to understand how evolution works, and which sorts of limitations are set by selection. The book explains morphological traits in more biomechanical detail without getting lost in physics, or in methods. Most emphasis is placed on the proximate question, namely the identification of the mechanical stresses which must be sustained by the respective body parts, when they move the body or its parts against resistance. In the first part of the book the focus is on ‘primitive’ animals and later on the emphasis shifts to highly specialized mammals. Readers will learn more about living and fossil animals. A section of the book is dedicated to human evolution but not to produce another evolutionary tree, nor to refine a former one, but to contribute to answering the question: “WHY early humans have developed their particular body shape".

Biomechanics

Y. C. Fung
Biomechanics Book PDF

Author : Y. C. Fung
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 585 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781475722574

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Biomechanics by Y. C. Fung Pdf

The objective of this book remains the same as that stated in the first edition: to present a comprehensive perspective of biomechanics from the stand point of bioengineering, physiology, and medical science, and to develop mechanics through a sequence of problems and examples. My three-volume set of Bio mechanics has been completed. They are entitled: Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues; Biodynamics: Circulation; and Biomechanics: Motion, Flow, Stress, and Growth; and this is the first volume. The mechanics prerequisite for all three volumes remains at the level of my book A First Course in Continuum Mechanics (3rd edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 1993). In the decade of the 1980s the field of Biomechanics expanded tremen dously. New advances have been made in all fronts. Those that affect the basic understanding of the mechanical properties of living tissues are described in detail in this revision. The references are brought up to date.

National Library of Medicine Current Catalog

National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
National Library of Medicine Current Catalog Book PDF

Author : National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1008 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Medicine
ISBN : UOM:39015007732293

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National Library of Medicine Current Catalog by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) Pdf

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

Cumulated Index Medicus

Anonim
Cumulated Index Medicus Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1364 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Medicine
ISBN : MINN:31951D01105027V

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Cumulated Index Medicus by Anonim Pdf

Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series

Library of Congress. Copyright Office
Catalog of Copyright Entries Third Series Book PDF

Author : Library of Congress. Copyright Office
Publisher : Copyright Office, Library of Congress
Page : 1040 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Copyright
ISBN : STANFORD:36105119497647

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Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series by Library of Congress. Copyright Office Pdf

Anatomy and Embryology

Anonim
Anatomy and Embryology Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Anatomy
ISBN : UCAL:B4884605

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Anatomy and Embryology by Anonim Pdf

Human Biology

Raymond Pearl
Human Biology Book PDF

Author : Raymond Pearl
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 860 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Anthropology
ISBN : UCSC:32106005879769

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Human Biology by Raymond Pearl Pdf

Includes section "Recent literature useful in the study of human biology."

Bones

John D. Currey
Bones Book PDF

Author : John D. Currey
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400849505

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Bones by John D. Currey Pdf

This is a comprehensive and accessible overview of what is known about the structure and mechanics of bone, bones, and teeth. In it, John Currey incorporates critical new concepts and findings from the two decades of research since the publication of his highly regarded The Mechanical Adaptations of Bones. Crucially, Currey shows how bone structure and bone's mechanical properties are intimately bound up with each other and how the mechanical properties of the material interact with the structure of whole bones to produce an adapted structure. For bone tissue, the book discusses stiffness, strength, viscoelasticity, fatigue, and fracture mechanics properties. For whole bones, subjects dealt with include buckling, the optimum hollowness of long bones, impact fracture, and properties of cancellous bone. The effects of mineralization on stiffness and toughness and the role of microcracking in the fracture process receive particular attention. As a zoologist, Currey views bone and bones as solutions to the design problems that vertebrates have faced during their evolution and throughout the book considers what bones have been adapted to do. He covers the full range of bones and bony tissues, as well as dentin and enamel, and uses both human and non-human examples. Copiously illustrated, engagingly written, and assuming little in the way of prior knowledge or mathematical background, Bones is both an ideal introduction to the field and also a reference sure to be frequently consulted by practicing researchers.