Metal Clusters And Their Reactivity

Author : Zhixun Luo,Shiv N. Khanna
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811597046

Get Book

Metal Clusters and Their Reactivity by Zhixun Luo,Shiv N. Khanna Pdf

This book discusses current techniques and instrumentation for cluster chemistry. It addresses both the experimental and theoretical aspects of gas-phase metal cluster reactivities, especially those pertaining to pollution removal, energetic reactions and corrosion and anticorrosion. These metal cluster systems have attracted enormous interest as they display a completely new class of physical, chemical, electronic, magnetic and catalytic properties. As these properties change with size and composition, it can thus be understood how their nature evolves from atoms to bulk solids. The book offers readers a basic understanding of the structural chemistry and reactivity of metal clusters in both gas-phase and wet chemistry. Further, the lessons they learn here regarding metal cluster chemistry will prepare researchers for the study of condensed phase dynamics that pertain to wet chemical synthesis, soft-landing deposition and cluster assembly.

Author : Duward F. Shriver,Herbert D. Kaesz,Richard D. Adams
Publisher : Wiley-VCH
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015021543395

Get Book

The Chemistry of Metal Cluster Complexes by Duward F. Shriver,Herbert D. Kaesz,Richard D. Adams Pdf

Seven chapters summarize the current status of organometallic cluster chemistry from the viewpoints of synthesis, structure and bonding, ligand substitution reactions, ligand transformations, polyhedral rearrangement, cluster fragmentation reactions, and metal clusters as homogeneous catalysts. An eighth provides an extensive bibliography of reviews for the period from 1965 to 1988. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Paul J. Dyson,J. Scott McIndoe
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781482283075

Get Book

Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Chemistry by Paul J. Dyson,J. Scott McIndoe Pdf

Transition metal carbonyl clusters (TMCCs) continue to inspire great interest in chemical research, as much for their fascinating structures as for potential industrial applications conferred by their unique properties. This highly accessible book introduces the bonding, structure, spectroscopic properties, and characterization of clusters, and then explores their synthesis, reactivity, reaction mechanisms and use in organic synthesis and catalysis. Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Chemistry describes models and rules that correlate cluster structure with electron count, which are then applied in worked examples. Subsequent chapters explain how bonding relates to molecular structure, demonstrate the use of spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, IR and MS in cluster chemistry, and outline the factors contributing to the stability, dynamics and reactivity of clusters. The second part of this book discusses the synthesis and applications of TMCCs. It emphasizes the differences between the reactivities of clusters vs. mononuclear metal complexes, contingent to the availability of multiple-bonding sites and heterosite reactivity. The final chapters discuss reactions in which clusters act as homogeneous catalysts; including discussion on the use of solid and biphasic liquid-liquid supported clusters in heterogeneous catalysts. A useful reference for those commencing further research or post-graduate study on metal carbonyl clusters and advanced organometallic chemistry, this book is also a cornerstone addition to academic and libraries as well as private collections.

Author : L.J. Farrugia
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401101332

Get Book

The Synergy Between Dynamics and Reactivity at Clusters and Surfaces by L.J. Farrugia Pdf

The analogy between the chemistry of molecular transition metal clusters and the processes of chemisorption and catalysis at metal surfaces (the Cluster Surface analogy) has for a number of years provided an interplay between experimental and theoretical inorganic and physical chemists. This collaborative approach has born fruit in the use of well defined modes of metal-ligand bonding in discrete molecular clusters, models for metal-ligand binding on surfaces. Some of the key topics discussed in The Synergy between Dynamics and Reactivity at Clusters and Surfaces are: (1) Mechanisms of the fluxional behaviour in clusters in the liquid phase and the connections with diffusion processes on extended surfaces. The role of metal-metal bond breaking in diffusion. (2) Analogies in the structure of chemisorbed species and related ligands on metallic clusters. (3) Analogies between benzene surface chemistry on extended metal surfaces and on metal surfaces in molecular cluster compounds with particular reference to structural distortions. (4) The role of mobile precursors for dissociation of chemisorption on extended metals and on clusters. Are there analogies in the ligand attachment during cluster compound synthesis? (5) The role of defect sites on metal surfaces in catalyzing chemical reactions and the connection to the special bonding properties of sites on metal clusters having lowest metal-metal coordination. (6) The size of metal clusters needed to mimic surface phenomena on bulk metal surfaces. Different sites needed for different phenomena.

Author : Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2010-10-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 1439813353

Get Book

Aromaticity and Metal Clusters by Pratim Kumar Chattaraj Pdf

Metal clusters, an intermediate state between molecules and the extended solid, show peculiar bonding and reactivity patterns. Their significance is critical to many areas, including air pollution, interstellar matter, clay minerals, photography, catalysis, quantum dots, and virus crystals. In Aromaticity and Metal Clusters, dozens of international experts explore not only the basic aspects of aromaticity, but also the structures, properties, reactivity, stability, and other consequences of the aromaticity of a variety of metal clusters. Although the concept of aromaticity has been known for nearly two centuries, there is no way to measure it experimentally and no theoretical formula to calculate it. In order to gain insight into its exact nature, the authors of this volume examine various indirect characteristics such as geometrical, electronic, magnetic, thermodynamic, and reactivity considerations. The book begins by discussing the evolution of aromaticity from benzene to atomic clusters. Next, more specialized chapters focus on areas of significant interest. Topics discussed include: Computational studies on molecules with unusual aromaticity Electronic shells and magnetism in small metal clusters A density functional investigation on the structures, energetics, and properties of sodium clusters through electrostatic guidelines and molecular tailoring The correlation between electron delocalization and ring currents in all metallic aromatic compounds Phenomenological shell model and aromaticity in metal clusters Rationalizing the aromaticity indexes used to describe the aromatic behavior of metal clusters 5f orbital successive aromatic and antiaromatic zones in triangular uranium cluster chemistry This collection of diverse contributions, composed of the work of scientists worldwide, is destined to not only answer puzzling questions about the nature of aromaticity, but also to provoke further inquiry in the minds of researchers.

Author : Gennady N. Chuev,Viktor D. Lakhno,A. P. Nefedov
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Science
ISBN : 9810236603

Get Book

Progress in the Physics of Clusters by Gennady N. Chuev,Viktor D. Lakhno,A. P. Nefedov Pdf

The findings reported in this book on the methods of cluster measurements will lead to new avenues using nondestructive mass spectrometry and dipole mass isomers. Much attention is given to the physics and chemistry of fullerenes and nanotubes, including the problems surrounding the formation and growth of nanotubes, electron characteristics of fullerenes, the influence of solvents, simulation of the properties of carbon clusters, etc. Some unique experimental data on the conversion of aerosols into aerogels with the formation of fractal structures is provided. In addition, the book covers one of the most interesting subjects of modern physics -- fractal clusters.

Author : Pratim Kumar Chattaraj,Sudip Pan,Gabriel Merino
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2022-10-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128231012

Get Book

Atomic Clusters with Unusual Structure, Bonding and Reactivity by Pratim Kumar Chattaraj,Sudip Pan,Gabriel Merino Pdf

Atomic Clusters with Unusual Structure, Bonding and Reactivity: Theoretical Approaches, Computational Assessment and Applications reviews the latest computational tools and approaches available for accurately assessing the properties of a cluster, while also highlighting how such clusters can be adapted and utilized for the development of novel materials and applications. Sections provide an introduction to the computational methods used to obtain global minima for clusters and effectively analyze bonds, outline experimental approaches to produce clusters, discuss specific applications, and explore cluster reactivity and usage across a number of fields.Drawing on the knowledge of its expert editors and contributors, this book provides a detailed guide to ascertaining the stability, bonding and properties of atomic clusters. Atomic clusters, which exhibit unusual properties, offer huge potential as building blocks for new materials and novel applications, but understanding their properties, stability and bonding is essential in order to accurately understand, characterize and manipulate them for further use. Searching for the most stable geometry of a given cluster is difficult and becomes even more so for clusters of medium and large sizes, where the number of possible isomers sharply increase, hence this book provides a unique and comprehensive approach to the topic and available techniques and applications. Introduces readers to the vast structural and bonding diversity that clusters show and reflects on their potential for novel application and material development Highlights the latest computational methods and theoretical tools available for identification of the most stable isomers and accurate analysis of bonding in the clusters Focuses on clusters which violate the rules established in traditional chemistry and exhibit unusual structure, bonding and reactivity

Author : Guillermo Gonzalez-Moraga
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642859267

Get Book

Cluster Chemistry by Guillermo Gonzalez-Moraga Pdf

Cluster chemistry is one of the recent, exciting areas of Inorganic Chemistry. The occurence of molecular clusters, like fullerene C60, constitutes a fundamental feature midway between the chemistry of isolated chemical compounds and that of the elements. Main features of the Cluster Chemistry of both main group and transition metal elements are treated in this book. The author highlights aspects releated to the synthesis, the structure, the special bonding and the reactivity of these species. The book is written as a textbook for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students. References in tables andillustrations permit the reader to reach relevant original information. Professor Gonzalez-Moraga fills a demand for a publication appropriate for dissemination and specially for teaching this exciting subject. From the Contents: Current Concepts in Modern Chemistry - Transition Metal Cluster Chemistry - Main Group-Transition Metal Mixed Clusters - Cluster Compounds of the Main Group Elements - Synthetic Analogues of the Active Sites of Iron-Sulfur Proteins.

Author : John P. Fackler Jr.
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489924926

Get Book

Metal-Metal Bonds and Clusters in Chemistry and Catalysis by John P. Fackler Jr. Pdf

This book contains a series of papers and abstracts from the 7th Industry-University Cooperative Chemistry Program symposium held in the spring of 1989 at Texas A&M University. The symposium was larger than previous IUCCP symposia since it also celebrated the 25 years that had elapsed since the initial discovery by F. A. Cotton and his co-workers of the existence of metal-metal quadruple bonds. Cotton's discovery demonstrated that multiple bonding in inorganic systems is not governed by the same constraints observed in organic chemistry regarding s and p orbital involvement. The d orbitals are involved in the multiple bonding description. The quadruple bond involves considerable d orbital overlap between adjacent metal centers. Part I of this series of papers focuses upon the impact of this discovery and describes further contributions to the development of the field. Multiple metal-metal bonding now is known to permeate broad areas of transition metal chemistry. The understanding of metal-metal bonding that developed as a result of the discovery of multiple metal-metal bonding awakened a new chemistry involving metal clusters. Clusters were defined by Cotton to be species containing metal-metal bonding. Clusters in catalysis therefore seemed a logical grouping of papers in this symposium. Clusters play an every increasing role in the control of chemical reactions. Part II of this book describes some of the interesting new developments in this field. In Part III the papers examine the role clusters play in describing and understanding solid state materials.

Author : R.M. Lambert,Gianfranco Pacchioni
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 534 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401589116

Get Book

Chemisorption and Reactivity on Supported Clusters and Thin Films: by R.M. Lambert,Gianfranco Pacchioni Pdf

Heterogeneous catalysis provides the backbone of the world's chemical and oil industries. The innate complexity of practical catalytic systems suggests that useful progress should be achievable by investigating key aspects of catalysis by experimental studies on idealised model systems. Thin films and supported clusters are two promising types of model system that can be used for this purpose, since they mimic important aspects of the properties of practical dispersed catalysts. Similarly, appropriate theoretical studies of chemisorption and surface reaction clusters or extended slab systems can provide valuable information on the factors that underlie bonding and catalytic activity. This volume describes such experimental and theoretical approaches to the surface chemistry and catalytic behaviour of metals, metal oxides and metal/metal oxide systems. An introduction to the principles and main themes of heterogeneous catalysis is followed by detailed accounts of the application of modern experimental and theoretical techniques to fundamental problems. The application of advanced experimental methods is complemented by a full description of theoretical procedures, including Hartree-Fock, density functional and similar techniques. The relative merits of the various approaches are considered and directions for future progress are indicated.

Author : Thalappil Pradeep
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 666 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2022-10-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323908801

Get Book

Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters by Thalappil Pradeep Pdf

Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters discusses the host of exciting properties that can be better harnessed with a solid understanding of their different structures and subsequent properties at the molecular level. The book delves into the foundational chemistry of numerous key atomically precise clusters and provides guidance on key approaches employed to examine them. Beginning with an introduction to the properties and fundamental nano-chemistry of atomically precise metal nanoclusters, the book then explores key approaches for their synthesis, examination and modification, including chromatography, mass spectrometry, single crystal diffraction, electron microscopy and computational approaches. A final section covers specific nanoclusters and cluster systems. User will find the important knowledge of an experienced team of contributors who provide a detailed guide to understanding, investigating and utilizing these useful structures that is ideal for anyone working in related fields. Presents a comprehensive guide that combines key knowledge, approaches and other types of metal nanocluster Supports an understanding of important interactions and approaches using clear figures Highlights future needs and prospects in the field

Author : Frank Träger,Gisbert zu Putlitz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642715716

Get Book

Metal Clusters by Frank Träger,Gisbert zu Putlitz Pdf

This volume contains papers which have been presented at the International Sym posium on Metal Clusters in Heidelberg from April 7-11, 1986. Clusters, and in particular metal clusters, have been the topic of fa~t growing scientific interest. Indeed, clusters constitute a field of interdisciplinary nature where both physical and chemical questions have to be addressed. Clusters are offundamental importance for the deeper understanding of the transition from atoms via molecules and larger aggregates of particles to the properties of solid materials. Moreover, metal clusters and their character istics are of vital significance for such applied topics as catalysis or photography. Experimentally, the field exhibited rapid progress in the last years. Different sources for clusters have been developed. Intense beams made possible the investigation of free neutral clusters and cluster ions as well. Even though a number of issues concerning metal clusters is still discussed controversially, the present volume tries to give an overview of current work in this field and to illustrate the large variety of experiments as well as the advances made possible by modern theoretical methods. Looking at the many interesting questions still to be addressed it is fair to propose a rapid further growth of this field.

Author : Brian Frederick Gilbert Johnson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 702 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015015149738

Get Book

Transition Metal Clusters by Brian Frederick Gilbert Johnson Pdf

Author : Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642571695

Get Book

Metal Clusters at Surfaces by Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer Pdf

Due to the interaction with the contact medium, the properties of clusters may change or even disappear. Thus the physics of cluster-on-surface systems -- the main subject of this book -- is of fundamental importance. The book addresses a wide audience, from the newcomer to the expert. Starting from fundamental concepts of adsorbate-surface interactions, the modification of electronic properties through electron confinement, and concepts of cluster production, it elucidates the distinct properties of the new metallic nanostructures.

Author : Dennis R. Salahub,N. Russo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401128223

Get Book

Metal-Ligand Interactions: From Atoms, to Clusters, to Surfaces by Dennis R. Salahub,N. Russo Pdf

Metal-ligand interactions are currently being studied in different fields, from a variety of points of view, and recent progress has been substantial. Whole new classes of compounds and reactions have been found; an arsenal of physical methods has been developed; mechanistic detail can be ascertained to an increasingly minute degree; and the theory is being developed to handle systems of ever-growing complexity. As usual, such multidisciplinarity leads to great opportunities, coupled with great problems of communication between specialists. It is in its promotion of interactions across these fields that Metal-Ligand Interactions: From Atoms, to Clusters, to Surfaces makes its timely contribution: the tools, both theoretical and experimental, are highly developed, and fundamental questions remain unanswered. The most fundamental of these concerns the nature of the microscopic interactions between metal atoms (clusters, surfaces) and ligands (atoms, molecules, absorbates, reagents, products) and the changes in these interactions during physical and chemical transformation. In Metal-Ligand Interactions, leading experts discuss the following, vital aspects: ab initio theory, semi-empirical theory, density functional theory, complexes and clusters, surfaces, and catalysis.