Methodological Issues In Psychology

Author : Fred B. Bryant,John Edwards,R. Scott Tindale,Emil J. Posavac,Linda Heath,Eaaron Henderson-King,Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781489923080

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Methodological Issues in Applied Social Psychology by Fred B. Bryant,John Edwards,R. Scott Tindale,Emil J. Posavac,Linda Heath,Eaaron Henderson-King,Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar Pdf

Many authors have argued that applying social psychology to the solution of real world problems builds better theories. Observers have claimed, for example, that of human behavior applied social psychology reveals more accurate principles because its data are based on people in real-life circumstances (Helmreich, 1975; Saxe & Fine, 1980), provides an opportunity to assess the ecological validity of generalizations derived from laboratory research (Ellsworth, 1977; Leventhal, 1980), and discloses important gaps in existing theories (Fisher, 1982; Mayo & LaFrance, 1980). Undoubtedly, many concrete examples can be mustered in support of these claims. But it also can be argued that applying social psychology to social issues and problems builds better research methods. Special methodological problems arise and new perspectives on old methodological problems emerge when re searchers leave the laboratory and tackle social problems in real-world settings. Along the way, we not only improve existing research techniques but also devel op new research tools, all of which enhance our ability to obtain valid results and thereby to understand and solve socially relevant problems. Indeed, Campbell and Stanley's (1966) seminal work on validity in research design grew out of the application of social science in field settings. In this spirit, the principal aim of this volume is to present examples of methodological advances being made as researchers apply social psychology in real-life settings.

Author : David Trafimow
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2023-08-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000918328

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Methodological Issues in Psychology by David Trafimow Pdf

Methodological Issues in Psychology is a comprehensive text that challenges current practice in the discipline and provides solutions that are more useful in contemporary research, both basic and applied. This book begins by equipping the readers with the underlying foundation pertaining to basic philosophical issues addressing theory verification or falsification, distinguishing different levels of theorizing, or hypothesizing, and the assumptions necessary to negotiate between these levels. It goes on to specifically focus on statistical and inferential hypotheses including chapters on how to dramatically improve statistical and inferential practices and how to address the replication crisis. Advances to be featured include the author's own inventions, the a priori procedure and gain-probability diagrams, and a chapter about mediation analyses, which explains why such analyses are much weaker than typically assumed. The book also provides an introductory chapter on classical measurement theory and expands to new concepts in subsequent chapters. The final measurement chapter addresses the ubiquitous problem of small effect sizes in psychology and provides recommendations that directly contradict typical thinking and teaching in psychology, but with the consequence that researchers can enjoy dramatically improved effect sizes. Methodological Issues in Psychology is an invaluable asset for students and researchers of psychology. It will also be of vital interest to social science researchers and students in areas such as management, marketing, sociology, and experimental philosophy.

Author : Alan E. Kazdin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 765 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:640613966

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Methodological Issues & Strategies in Clinical Research by Alan E. Kazdin Pdf

This book provides readings designed to improve understanding of methodology and to enhance research practices in clinical psychology. The intended audience is persons who are in training or are actively involved in research. The primary focus of the readings is clinical psychology, but the issues and methods are relevant to other areas as well, such as counseling, educational and school psychology, psychiatry, and social work. /// Several readings have been included to address a broad range of practices, procedures, and strategies for developing a sound knowledge base. The goal was to select, from a large literature on methodology and design, a special set of engaging articles of use to students and professionals alike. The articles address a wide range of topics within clinical research. /// The content of this book addresses experimental design, principles, procedures, and practices that govern research, assessment, sources of artifact and bias, data analyses and interpretation, ethical issues, and publication and communication of the results of research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved).

Author : Begoña Espejo,Marta Martín-Carbonell,Irene Checa
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2023-01-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832505786

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Methodological Issues in Psychology and Social Sciences Research by Begoña Espejo,Marta Martín-Carbonell,Irene Checa Pdf

Author : Jaan Valsiner,Aaro Toomela
Publisher : IAP
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2010-07-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781607524328

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Methodological Thinking in Psychology by Jaan Valsiner,Aaro Toomela Pdf

In recent years an increasing dissatisfaction with methods and thinking in psychology as a science can be observed. The discipline is operating under the tension between the traditional quantitative and the new qualitative methodologies. New approaches emerge in different fields of psychology and education—each of them trying to go beyond limitations of the mainstream. These new approaches, however, tend to be “historically blind” – seemingly novel ideas have actually been common in some period in the history of psychology. Knowledge of historical trends in that context becomes crucial because analysis of historical changes in psychology is informative regarding the potential of “new/old and forgotten” approaches in the study of psyche. Some approaches in psychology disappeared due to inherent limitations of them; the others disappeared due to purely non-scientific reasons. And some new approaches were rejected long ago for well-justified scientific reasons. This book brings together contributions from leading scholars in different fields of psychology – cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, cultural psychology, methodology of psychology. Each of the contributors discusses methodological issues that were more thoroughly understood more than half a century ago than they are now. Overall, the contributions support the idea that in important ways 60 years old psychology was far ahead of the most recent trends in mainstream psychology.

Author : Panel on Modeling Human Behavior and Command Decision Making: Representations for Military Simulations,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1998-08-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780309523899

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Modeling Human and Organizational Behavior by Panel on Modeling Human Behavior and Command Decision Making: Representations for Military Simulations,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council Pdf

Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior.

Author : Ype H. Poortinga
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 75 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-31
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1108827616

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Concept and Method in Cross-Cultural and Cultural Psychology by Ype H. Poortinga Pdf

An overview is given of cross-cultural psychology and cultural psychology, focusing on theory and methodology. In Section 1 historical developments in research are traced; it is found that initially extensive psychological differences tend to shrink when more carefully designed studies are conducted. Section 2 addresses the conceptualization of "culture" and of "a culture". For psychological research the notion "culture" is considered too vague; more focal explanatory concepts are required. Section 3 describes methodological issues, taking the notion of the empirical cycle as a lead for both qualitative and quantitative research. Pitfalls in research design and data analysis of behavior-comparative studies, and the need for replication are discussed. Section 4 suggests to move beyond research on causal relationships and to incorporate additional questions, addressing the function and the development of behavior patterns in ontogenetic, phylogenetic and historical time. Section 5 emphasizes the need for applied research serving the global village.

Author : Herbert L. Pick,Paulus Willem van den Broek,David C. Knill
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1557981655

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Cognition by Herbert L. Pick,Paulus Willem van den Broek,David C. Knill Pdf

Author : Robert Ausch
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2016-02-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781498524155

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Methodological Problems with the Academic Sources of Popular Psychology by Robert Ausch Pdf

Methodological Problems with the Academic Sources of Popular Psychology: Context, Inference, and Measurementexamines the relationship between academic and popular psychology from a critical perspective with a focus on issues of methodology. The monograph traces the path from ideas in reputable popular psychology back to the original academic research tradition from which the claims were generated. It also addresses the conceptual and methodological controversies with respect to the original research typically ignored or played down in popular writing. This book covers a range of topics including the question of universal biases in judgment, resurgent notions of “fast” thinking and a cognitive unconscious, the psychology of happiness and other “positive” psychologies, the effects of parenting on child outcomes, and more general issues related to psychological tests and measures. The methodological problems that emerge include problems with generalizing from specific experimental conditions, highly biased sampling, lack of replication of findings, lack of shared referents across subfields, even different authors, as well as confusion around basic statistical and mathematical issues. Methodological Problems with the Academic Sources of Popular Psychology: Context, Inference, and Measurementreviews these issues extensively, offering both a sense of the history and pervasiveness of these issues in the field itself and an opportunity to review and master these difficult ideas.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 63 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:743388013

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Tagliati per il sì by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Educational Interventions for Children with Autism
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2001-11-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309210010

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Educating Children with Autism by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Educational Interventions for Children with Autism Pdf

Autism is a word most of us are familiar with. But do we really know what it means? Children with autism are challenged by the most essential human behaviors. They have difficulty interacting with other people-often failing to see people as people rather than simply objects in their environment. They cannot easily communicate ideas and feelings, have great trouble imagining what others think or feel, and in some cases spend their lives speechless. They frequently find it hard to make friends or even bond with family members. Their behavior can seem bizarre. Education is the primary form of treatment for this mysterious condition. This means that we place important responsibilities on schools, teachers and children's parents, as well as the other professionals who work with children with autism. With the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975, we accepted responsibility for educating children who face special challenges like autism. While we have since amassed a substantial body of research, researchers have not adequately communicated with one another, and their findings have not been integrated into a proven curriculum. Educating Children with Autism outlines an interdisciplinary approach to education for children with autism. The committee explores what makes education effective for the child with autism and identifies specific characteristics of programs that work. Recommendations are offered for choosing educational content and strategies, introducing interaction with other children, and other key areas. This book examines some fundamental issues, including: How children's specific diagnoses should affect educational assessment and planning How we can support the families of children with autism Features of effective instructional and comprehensive programs and strategies How we can better prepare teachers, school staffs, professionals, and parents to educate children with autism What policies at the federal, state, and local levels will best ensure appropriate education, examining strategies and resources needed to address the rights of children with autism to appropriate education. Children with autism present educators with one of their most difficult challenges. Through a comprehensive examination of the scientific knowledge underlying educational practices, programs, and strategies, Educating Children with Autism presents valuable information for parents, administrators, advocates, researchers, and policy makers.

Author : Gideon Keren
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Psychology
ISBN : STANFORD:36105039214098

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Statistical and Methodological Issues in Psychology and Social Sciences Research by Gideon Keren Pdf

Author : John R. Nesselroade,Hayne W. Reese
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09-11
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9781483274751

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Life-Span Developmental Psychology by John R. Nesselroade,Hayne W. Reese Pdf

Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Methodological Issues is based on a conference, held at West Virginia University in 1971, that focused on the general topic of Life-Span Developmental Psychology. The conference provided a forum for the discussion of a variety of methodological issues related to the study of developmental processes over the life-span. The principal objectives of the Life-Span Conference have been not only to explicate, by successive approximation, the range of empirical phenomena with which a life-span developmental psychology should be concerned, but also to explore issues about theory, measurement, design, and data analysis which bear upon it. The book opens with a chapter on ethical issues in developmental psychology. This is followed by separate chapters on topics such as cross-cultural research in developmental psychology; the implications of the two models that have had the greatest impact on developmental psychology—the mechanistic (reactive organism) model and the organismic (active organism) model; and research strategies and measurement methods for investigating human development

Author : Carol Sansone,Carolyn C. Morf,A. T. Panter
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 557 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Social psychology
ISBN : 9780761925361

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The Sage Handbook of Methods in Social Psychology by Carol Sansone,Carolyn C. Morf,A. T. Panter Pdf

Forty-two international academics contribute 22 chapters addressing the common and unique methodological decisions that researchers must make when using both traditional and cutting-edge research paradigms. Coverage includes issues relating to selecting and identifying research questions and populations, design and analysis, and expanding the original social psychological questions to other disciplines within and outside psychology. Each chapter follows the same format, first describing a concrete and relevant social psychological research problem, then discussing methodological issues in the context of that problem. For active researchers, including graduate and advanced undergraduate students. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Author : Stanley H. Cohen,Hayne W. Reese
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317739333

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Life-Span Developmental Psychology by Stanley H. Cohen,Hayne W. Reese Pdf

Dealing with the methodological and data analytic problems in developmental research, this book presents solutions advanced from the disciplinary perspectives of psychology, behavior analysis and behavioral systems, sociology, and anthropology. Topics addressed include: * the metatheoretical issues about the relationship between data and theory * the identification and analysis of age, cohort, and time-of-measurement effects * the assessment of quantitative and qualitative change * the use of group and single-subject designs for control by systematic variation * the use of systems methodology to investigate the developmental continuity and organization of behavior * the analysis of data from repeated measures designs * the use of structural equations and path analysis to test causal hypotheses * the use of structured relational matrices to study development and change This unique volume offers students an unusually wide range of research tools for identifying and studying specific developmental problems.