Models Of Visual Attention Using Computational Cognitive Neuroscience In Machine Vision
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Models of Visual Attention Using Computational Cognitive Neuroscience in Machine Vision by Manjunath R Kounte Pdf
Vision is the most important of the five human senses, since it provides over 85% of the information our brain receives from the external world. Its main goal is to interpret and to interact with the environments we are living in. In everyday life, humans are capable of perceiving thousands of objects, identifying hundreds of faces, recognizing numerous traffic signs, and appreciating beauty effortlessly. The ease with which humans achieve these tasks is in no way due to the simplicity of the tasks but is a proof of the high degree of development of our vision system.
Visual Attention and Cognition by W.H. Zangemeister,H.S. Stiehl,C. Freksa Pdf
The goal of this book is to put together some of the main interdisciplinary aspects that play a role in visual attention and cognition. The book is aimed at researchers and students with interdisciplinary interest. In the first chapter a general discussion of the influential scanpath theory and its implications for human and robot vision is presented. Subsequently, four characteristic aspects of the general theme are dealt with in topical chapters, each of which presents some of the different viewpoints of the various disciplines involved. They cover neuropsychology, clinical neuroscience, modeling, and applications. Each of the chapters opens with a synopsis tying together the individual contributions.
Selective Visual Attention by Liming Zhang,Weisi Lin Pdf
Visual attention is a relatively new area of study combining a number of disciplines: artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, vision science and psychology. The aim is to build computational models similar to human vision in order to solve tough problems for many potential applications including object recognition, unmanned vehicle navigation, and image and video coding and processing. In this book, the authors provide an up to date and highly applied introduction to the topic of visual attention, aiding researchers in creating powerful computer vision systems. Areas covered include the significance of vision research, psychology and computer vision, existing computational visual attention models, and the authors' contributions on visual attention models, and applications in various image and video processing tasks. This book is geared for graduates students and researchers in neural networks, image processing, machine learning, computer vision, and other areas of biologically inspired model building and applications. The book can also be used by practicing engineers looking for techniques involving the application of image coding, video processing, machine vision and brain-like robots to real-world systems. Other students and researchers with interdisciplinary interests will also find this book appealing. Provides a key knowledge boost to developers of image processing applications Is unique in emphasizing the practical utility of attention mechanisms Includes a number of real-world examples that readers can implement in their own work: robot navigation and object selection image and video quality assessment image and video coding Provides codes for users to apply in practical attentional models and mechanisms
A Computational Perspective on Visual Attention by John K. Tsotsos Pdf
The derivation, exposition, and justification of the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention. Although William James declared in 1890, "Everyone knows what attention is," today there are many different and sometimes opposing views on the subject. This fragmented theoretical landscape may be because most of the theories and models of attention offer explanations in natural language or in a pictorial manner rather than providing a quantitative and unambiguous statement of the theory. They focus on the manifestations of attention instead of its rationale. In this book, John Tsotsos develops a formal model of visual attention with the goal of providing a theoretical explanation for why humans (and animals) must have the capacity to attend. He takes a unique approach to the theory, using the full breadth of the language of computation—rather than simply the language of mathematics—as the formal means of description. The result, the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention, explains attentive behavior in humans and provides a foundation for building computer systems that see with human-like characteristics. The overarching conclusion is that human vision is based on a general purpose processor that can be dynamically tuned to the task and the scene viewed on a moment-by-moment basis. Tsotsos offers a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of attention theories and models and a full description of the Selective Tuning model, confining the formal elements to two chapters and two appendixes. The text is accompanied by more than 100 illustrations in black and white and color; additional color illustrations and movies are available on the book's Web site.
Attention and Performance in Computational Vision by Lucas Paletta,John K. Tsotsos,Glyn Humphreys,Erich Rome Pdf
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Attention and Performance in Computational Vision, WAPCV 2004, held in Prague, Czech Republic in May 2004. The 16 revised full papers presented together with an invited paper were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in topical sections on attention in object and scene recognition, architectures for sequential attention, biologically plausible models for attention, and applications of attentive vision.
Attention in Cognitive Systems. Theories and Systems from an Interdisciplinary Viewpoint by Lucas Paletta,Erich Rome Pdf
This volume provides a much-needed interdisciplinary angle on the subject of attention in cognitive systems. It constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Attention in Cognitive Systems, held in Hyderabad, India, in January 2007. The 31 papers are organized in topical sections that cover every aspect of the subject, from the embodiment of attention and its cognitive control, to the applications of attentive vision.
Computational Models for Cognitive Vision by Hiranmay Ghosh Pdf
Learn how to apply cognitive principles to the problems of computer vision Computational Models for Cognitive Vision formulates the computational models for the cognitive principles found in biological vision, and applies those models to computer vision tasks. Such principles include perceptual grouping, attention, visual quality and aesthetics, knowledge-based interpretation and learning, to name a few. The author’s ultimate goal is to provide a framework for creation of a machine vision system with the capability and versatility of the human vision. Written by Dr. Hiranmay Ghosh, the book takes readers through the basic principles and the computational models for cognitive vision, Bayesian reasoning for perception and cognition, and other related topics, before establishing the relationship of cognitive vision with the multi-disciplinary field broadly referred to as “artificial intelligence”. The principles are illustrated with diverse application examples in computer vision, such as computational photography, digital heritage and social robots. The author concludes with suggestions for future research and salient observations about the state of the field of cognitive vision. Other topics covered in the book include: · knowledge representation techniques · evolution of cognitive architectures · deep learning approaches for visual cognition Undergraduate students, graduate students, engineers, and researchers interested in cognitive vision will consider this an indispensable and practical resource in the development and study of computer vision.
Computational Visual Attention Models by Milind S. Gide,Lina J. Karam Pdf
The human visual system has evolved to have the ability to selectively focus on the most relevant parts of a visual scene. This mechanism, referred to as visual attention, has been the focus of several neurological and psychological studies in the past few decades. These studies have inspired several computational visual attention models which have been successfully applied to problems in computer vision and robotics. Computational Visual Attention Models provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in computational visual attention modeling with a special focus on the latest trends. By reviewing several models published since 2012, the theoretical advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed. In addition, existing methodologies to evaluate computational models through the use of eye-tracking data along with the visual attention performance metrics used are described. The shortcomings in existing approaches and approaches to overcome them are also covered. Finally, a subjective evaluation for benchmarking existing visual attention metrics is presented and open problems in visual attention are highlighted. This monograph provides the reader with an in-depth survey of the research conducted to date in computational visual attention models and provides the basis for further research in this exciting area.
Author : J. Leo van Hemmen,Jack D. Cowan,Eytan Domany Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 424 pages File Size : 47,7 Mb Release : 2012-11-09 Category : Computers ISBN : 9780387217031
Models of Neural Networks IV by J. Leo van Hemmen,Jack D. Cowan,Eytan Domany Pdf
This volume, with chapters by leading researchers in the field, is devoted to early vision and attention, that is, to the first stages of visual information processing. This state-of-the-art look at biological neural networks spans the many subfields, such as computational and experimental neuroscience; anatomy and physiology; visual information processing and scene segmentation; perception at illusory contours; control of visual attention; and paradigms for computing with spiking neurons.
From Human Attention to Computational Attention by Matei Mancas,Vincent P. Ferrera,Nicolas Riche,John G. Taylor Pdf
This both accessible and exhaustive book will help to improve modeling of attention and to inspire innovations in industry. It introduces the study of attention and focuses on attention modeling, addressing such themes as saliency models, signal detection and different types of signals, as well as real-life applications. The book is truly multi-disciplinary, collating work from psychology, neuroscience, engineering and computer science, amongst other disciplines. What is attention? We all pay attention every single moment of our lives. Attention is how the brain selects and prioritizes information. The study of attention has become incredibly complex and divided: this timely volume assists the reader by drawing together work on the computational aspects of attention from across the disciplines. Those working in the field as engineers will benefit from this book’s introduction to the psychological and biological approaches to attention, and neuroscientists can learn about engineering work on attention. The work features practical reviews and chapters that are quick and easy to read, as well as chapters which present deeper, more complex knowledge. Everyone whose work relates to human perception, to image, audio and video processing will find something of value in this book, from students to researchers and those in industry.
This book covers fundamental principles and computational approaches relevant to visual saliency computation. As an interdisciplinary problem, visual saliency computation is introduced in this book from an innovative perspective that combines both neurobiology and machine learning. The book is also well-structured to address a wide range of readers, from specialists in the field to general readers interested in computer science and cognitive psychology. With this book, a reader can start from the very basic question of "what is visual saliency?" and progressively explore the problems in detecting salient locations, extracting salient objects, learning prior knowledge, evaluating performance, and using saliency in real-world applications. It is highly expected that this book will spark a great interest of research in the related communities in years to come.
Computational and Cognitive Neuroscience of Vision by Qi Zhao Pdf
Despite a plethora of scientific literature devoted to vision research and the trend toward integrative research, the borders between disciplines remain a practical difficulty. To address this problem, this book provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of vision from various perspectives, ranging from neuroscience to cognition, and from computational principles to engineering developments. It is written by leading international researchers in the field, with an emphasis on linking multiple disciplines and the impact such synergy can lead to in terms of both scientific breakthroughs and technology innovations. It is aimed at active researchers and interested scientists and engineers in related fields.
The Cognitive Neurosciences, fifth edition by Michael S. Gazzaniga,George R. Mangun Pdf
The fifth edition of a work that defines the field of cognitive neuroscience, with entirely new material that reflects recent advances in the field. Each edition of this classic reference has proved to be a benchmark in the developing field of cognitive neuroscience. The fifth edition of The Cognitive Neurosciences continues to chart new directions in the study of the biological underpinnings of complex cognition—the relationship between the structural and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system and the psychological reality of the mind. It offers entirely new material, reflecting recent advances in the field. Many of the developments in cognitive neuroscience have been shaped by the introduction of novel tools and methodologies, and a new section is devoted to methods that promise to guide the field into the future—from sophisticated models of causality in brain function to the application of network theory to massive data sets. Another new section treats neuroscience and society, considering some of the moral and political quandaries posed by current neuroscientific methods. Other sections describe, among other things, new research that draws on developmental imaging to study the changing structure and function of the brain over the lifespan; progress in establishing increasingly precise models of memory; research that confirms the study of emotion and social cognition as a core area in cognitive neuroscience; and new findings that cast doubt on the so-called neural correlates of consciousness.
Attention and Performance in Computational Vision by Lucas Paletta,John K. Tsotsos,Erich Rome,Glyn Humphreys Pdf
Inrecentresearchoncomputervisionsystems,attentionhasbeenplayingacrucialrolein mediatingbottom-upandtop-downpathsofinformationprocessing. Inappliedresearch, the development of enabling technologies such as miniaturized mobile sensors, video surveillance systems, and ambient intelligence systems involves the real-time analysis of enormous quantities of data. Knowledge has to be applied about what needs to be attendedto,andwhen,andwhattodoinameaningfulsequence,incorrespondencewith visual feedback. Methods on attention and control are mandatory to render computer vision systems more robust. The 2nd International Workshop on Attention and Performance in Computational Vision (WAPCV 2004) was held in the Czech Technical University of Prague, Czech Republic, as an associated workshop of the 8th European Conference on Computer - sion (ECCV 2004). The goal of this workshop was to provide an interdisciplinary forum tocommunicatecomputationalmodelsofvisualattentionfromvariousviewpoints,such as from computer vision, psychology, robotics and neuroscience. The motivation for - terdisciplinarity was communication and inspiration beyond the individual community, to focus discussion on computational modelling, to outline relevant objectives for p- formance comparison, to explore promising application domains, and to discuss these with reference to all related aspects of cognitive vision. The workshop was held as a single-day, single-track event, consisting of high-quality podium and poster presen- tions. Invited talks were given by John K. Tsotsos about attention and feature binding in biologically motivated computer vision and by Gustavo Deco about the context of attention, memory and reward from the perspective of computational neuroscience. The interdisciplinary program committee was composed of 21 internationally r- ognized researchers.
VOCUS: A Visual Attention System for Object Detection and Goal-Directed Search by Simone Frintrop Pdf
This monograph presents a complete computational system for visual attention and object detection. VOCUS (Visual Object detection with a Computational attention System) represents a major step forward on integrating data-driven and model-driven information into a single framework. Additionally, the volume contains an extensive review of the literature on visual attention, detailed evaluations of VOCUS in different settings, and applications of the system.