Molecular Mechanisms And Physiology Of Disease

Author : Nilanjana Maulik,Tom Karagiannis
Publisher : Springer
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2014-05-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493907069

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Molecular mechanisms and physiology of disease by Nilanjana Maulik,Tom Karagiannis Pdf

In a simplified form, epigenetics refers to heritable changes in phenotype that are not due to changes in the underlying DNA sequence. In this book, epigenetic mechanisms of regulation and dysregulation in health and disease are explored in great depth. Detailed chapters on epigenetic processes including DNA methylation and chromatin post-translational modifications including potential interventions with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors are explored in initial chapters. These provide a detailed overview and important background to the entire field. The book is then focussed on epigenetic mechanisms involved in various diseases including anti-inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Important accounts relating to the effects of epigenetics in metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and asthma are the focus of subsequent chapters. The role of epigenetic dysregulation in malignancy is a current topic of interest and represents an intense field of research. A large component of this book is dedicated to the analysis of aberrant epigenetic processes in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Further, chapters are focused on emerging cancer prevention using nutritional components and anti-cancer therapies particularly with histone deacetylase inhibitors, which have already been approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The emerging role of nanoparticle preparations, especially in the context of delivering potential epigenetic therapies to target cells in various diseases, is also explored in this book. Overall, this book encompasses a wide range of topics related to epigenetic mechanisms in health and disease and would appeal to anyone with an interest in epigenetics, chromatin biology and emerging epigenetic interventions and therapies.

Author : Florian Lang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 2348 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2009-03-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540671367

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Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease by Florian Lang Pdf

This comprehensive encyclopedia supplies the reader with concise information on the molecular pathophysiology of disease. Entries include defined diseases (such as Parkinson's disease) as well as pathophysiological entities (such as tremor). The 1,200 essays are brilliantly structured to allow rapid retrieval of the desired information. For more detailed reading, each entry is followed by up to five references. Individual entries are written by leading experts in the respective area of research to ensure state-of-the-art descriptions of the mechanisms involved. It is an invaluable companion for clinicians and scientists in all medical disciplines.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 736 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:552570311

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Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease by Anonim Pdf

Author : Undurti N. Das
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 591 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400704954

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Molecular Basis of Health and Disease by Undurti N. Das Pdf

The book describes how the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules is related to health and disease. It is suggested that many diseases are initiated and their progress is influenced by inflammatory molecules and a decrease in the production and/or action of anti-inflammatory molecules and this imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules seems to have been initiated in the perinatal period. This implies that strategies to prevent and manage various adult diseases should start in the perinatal period. An alteration in the metaolism of essential fatty acids and their anti-inflammatory molecules such as lipoxins, resolvins, protecitns, maresins and nitrolipids seems to play a major role in the pathobiology of several adult diseases. Based on these concepts, novel therapeutic approaches in the management of insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cancer, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and other auto-immune diseases are presented. Based on all these evidences, a unified concept that several adult diseases are due to an alteration in the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules is discussed and novel methods of their management are presented.

Author : Toshitaka Oohashi,Hirokazu Tsukahara,Francesco Ramirez,Chad L. Barber,Fumio Otsuka
Publisher : Springer
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811329777

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Human Pathobiochemistry by Toshitaka Oohashi,Hirokazu Tsukahara,Francesco Ramirez,Chad L. Barber,Fumio Otsuka Pdf

This textbook uses a case-study approach to present the core principles of biochemistry and molecular biology in the context of human disease to students who will be involved in patient care. The 29 clinical cases have been carefully selected to cover key scientific concepts and some common, and other not so common, diseases. While the principal focus is on topics relating to metabolic disease, further subjects such as connective tissue disorders, neurological disorders, auto-inflammatory disorders, infective diseases, and cancer are also addressed. Each chapter provides a specific patient report that includes the natural history, pertinent clinical laboratory data, physical findings, subsequent diagnosis, and therapy. This is followed by a comprehensive discussion of the normal biochemical processes and reactions pertaining to the case, along with the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Graphical diagrams are provided in each chapter for ease of comprehension.

Author : Mitsuo Tagaya,Thomas Simmen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9811351708

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Organelle Contact Sites by Mitsuo Tagaya,Thomas Simmen Pdf

This book provides the first comprehensive coverage of the quickly evolving research field of membrane contact sites (MCS). A total of 16 chapters explain their organization and role and unveil the significance of MCS for various diseases. MCS, the intracellular structures where organellar membranes come in close contact with one another, mediate the exchange of proteins, lipids, and ions. Via these functions, MCS are critical for the survival and the growth of the cell. Owing to that central role in the functioning of cells, MCS dysfunctions lead to important defects of human physiology, influence viral and bacterial infection, and cause disease such as inflammation, type II diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. To approach such a multifaceted topic, this volume assembles a series of chapters dealing with the full array of research about MCS and their respective roles for diseases. Most chapters also introduce the history and the state of the art of MCS research, which will initiate discussion points for the respective types of MCS for years to come. This work will appeal to all cell biologists as well as researchers on diseases that are impacted by MCS dysfunction. Additionally, it will stimulate graduate students and postdocs who will energize, drive, and develop the research field in the near future.

Author : Dmitri V. Krysko,Peter Vandenabeele
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2009-03-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781402092930

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Phagocytosis of Dying Cells by Dmitri V. Krysko,Peter Vandenabeele Pdf

Phagocytosis has been at the forefront of cell biology for more than a century. Initially, phagocytosis, which comes from Greek words meaning “devouring cells,” was discovered in the late 19th century by Ilya Metchnikoff, who was awarded, together with Paul Ehrlich, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1908 “in recognition of their work on immunity.” At that time Metchnikoff had already identified a function for phagocytes not only in host defense but also as scavengers of degenerating host cells during metamorphosis of tadpoles, thus providing one of the first descriptions of apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages (Kaufmann 2008). Since then, much has been learned about phagocytosis, and the previous several decades have witnessed outstanding progress in understanding the functions and the molecular mechanisms of phagocytosis. Two main types of targets are cleared by phagocytosis: microbial pathogens and dying cells. Rapid recognition and clearance of dying cells by phagocytes plays a pivotal role in development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, control of immune responses, and resolution of inflammation. Clearance of dying cells can be divided into several stages, including sensing, r- ognition, binding and signaling, internalization, and immunological responses. In this book, our contributors address these different stages of dead cell cle- ance and examine how impaired clearance of dying cells may lead to human d- eases. We have attempted to provide sufficient cross-referencing and indexing to enable the reader to easily locate the ideas elaborated in the different chapters.

Author : Robert H. Cox
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781468460155

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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Hypertension by Robert H. Cox Pdf

Hypertension is recognized to be one of the major risk factors for the development of peripheral vascular disease. The last decade has witnessed several major advances in therapy for hypertension, including the development of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers. These compounds have greatly improved the ability to control blood pressure and to reduce the impact of this risk factor on morbidity and mortality. In spite of these advances, cardiovascular disease remains a major health problem in most modern industrialized countries with related deaths exceeding those from all other causes combined. In contrast to these advances in therapy, our understanding of the basic mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of hypertension remains incomplete. Recent studies have produced new insights into the nature of the regulation of muscle contraction in both heart and blood vessels as well as the changes in muscle function that occur in hypertension. However, the effects of antihypertensive therapy, both in terms of restoring normal function and in producing reversal of hypertension-associated changes, has not been as thoroughly studied, especially in the vasculature. Studies in the heart suggest that the efficacy of different therapeutic agents in restoring normal function and reversing hypertensive changes vary substantially with the mechanism of action of the therapeutic agent. It has also been recently determined that some therapeutic agents produce adverse effects on plasma lipid profiles, which could lead to the secondary acceleration of the atherosclerotic process, while at the same time normalizing blood pressure.

Author : William B. Coleman,Gregory J. Tsongalis
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 802 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128027875

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Molecular Pathology by William B. Coleman,Gregory J. Tsongalis Pdf

As the molecular basis of human disease becomes better characterized, and the implications for understanding the molecular basis of disease becomes realized through improved diagnostics and treatment, Molecular Pathology, Second Edition stands out as the most comprehensive textbook where molecular mechanisms represent the focus. It is uniquely concerned with the molecular basis of major human diseases and disease processes, presented in the context of traditional pathology, with implications for translational molecular medicine. The Second Edition of Molecular Pathology has been thoroughly updated to reflect seven years of exponential changes in the fields of genetics, molecular, and cell biology which molecular pathology translates in the practice of molecular medicine. The textbook is intended to serve as a multi-use textbook that would be appropriate as a classroom teaching tool for biomedical graduate students, medical students, allied health students, and others (such as advanced undergraduates). Further, this textbook will be valuable for pathology residents and other postdoctoral fellows that desire to advance their understanding of molecular mechanisms of disease beyond what they learned in medical/graduate school. In addition, this textbook is useful as a reference book for practicing basic scientists and physician scientists that perform disease-related basic science and translational research, who require a ready information resource on the molecular basis of various human diseases and disease states. Explores the principles and practice of molecular pathology: molecular pathogenesis, molecular mechanisms of disease, and how the molecular pathogenesis of disease parallels the evolution of the disease Explains the practice of “molecular medicine and the translational aspects of molecular pathology Teaches from the perspective of “integrative systems biology Enhanced digital version included with purchase

Author : Maria Grazia Giansanti,Roberta Fraschini
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889631834

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Model Organisms: A Precious Resource for Understanding of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Human Physiology and Disease by Maria Grazia Giansanti,Roberta Fraschini Pdf

Author : Marie-Francoise Chesselet
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015049534897

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Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases by Marie-Francoise Chesselet Pdf

The field ofneurodegenerative diseases is undergoing an unprecedented revolution. The past decade has seen the identification of new mutation mecha- nisms, such as triplet repeat expansions, and new genes causing familial forms of common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Cellular and animal models based on this genetic information are now available and, importantly, common mechanisms are rapidly emerging among diseases that were once considered unrelated. The field is poised for the development of new therapies based on high throughput screenings and a bet- ter understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration. Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases reviews recent progress in this exploding field. By nature, such a book cannot be all inclu- sive. It focuses on Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and CAG triplet repeat diseases. In the first chapter, Bill Klein reviews the role of A toxicity in the patho- physiology of Alzheimer's disease. This controversial issue is further exam- ined in the context of transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease by LaFerla and colleagues. Sue Griffin and Robert Mrak, and Caleb Finch and collabora- tors, then examine the role of glial cells and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease; a review of the role of proteolysis in the generation of abnormal pro- tein fragments by Hook and Mende-Mueller follows. Therapeutic opportuni- ties offered by a better understanding of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology are examined by Perry Molinoff and his colleagues at Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Author : Nodar P. Mitagvaria,Nargiz N. Nachkebia
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-19
Category : Physiology, Pathological
ISBN : 1536143952

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Systemic, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Physiological Functions and Their Disorders by Nodar P. Mitagvaria,Nargiz N. Nachkebia Pdf

The I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine was established in 2010 on the basis of merging four well-known Georgian research institutes. They are: The I. Beritashvili Institute of Physiology, one of the most prominent research centers of Georgia, where basic and applied research in different fields of neurophysiology has been conducted since 1935; the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics; the Center for Radiology and Radiation Ecology, which for many years operated as departments at the I. Beritashvili Institute of Physiology; and one of the leading research centers for Georgia: The Center of Experimental Neurology. This edited book is the second volume containing chapters constituting the research priorities of the I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine and covers the experimental study of fundamental issues in the functioning of physiological (mainly, neurophysiological) mechanisms during normal and pathological conditions. The first book Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Physiological Functions and Their Disorders published by Nova Science Publishers Inc. in 2015, was also devoted to the same general problems. In the present edited book, particular attention is drawn to the study of extremely important processes underlying the basic mechanisms and disorders of various phenomenon of integrative activity of the brain: General behavior, learning and memory processes, the sleep-wakefulness cycle, regulation of adequate blood supply, hormesis, vision, depression, experimental comatose state, epilepsy, tumor diseases, pain and analgesia, the state of anxiety and aggression. All of the mentioned processes are studied on the molecular, cellular and systemic levels of their organization. It has to be noted herewith that each chapter within the collection of works represents the results of separate, independent studies implemented by different scientific departments of the Center; therefore, the chapters are not directly related to each other and have been arranged alphabetically based on the surnames of the authors. The authors would like to take this opportunity and present to the reader the scientific and institutional infrastructure of the Center, which consists of departments and laboratories. Nowadays, the Center is comprised of seven departments: Neurophysiology, Membranology, Biochemistry, Blood Circulation and Metabolism, Neurotoxicology, Biophysics and Radiobiology and nine laboratories: Behavior and Cognitive Functions, Physiology of Vision, Neurobiology of Sleep-Wakefulness Cycle, Ultra- and Nanoarchitectonics of the Brain, Experimental Neurology, Pain and Analgesia, Bioinformatics, Structure and Function of Genomes, and the Problems of Radiation Safety. In addition to bilateral scientific cooperation with many famous European and American scientific institutions, the Center is a member of the International Science Consortium From Molecular to Cellular Events in Human Pathologies, of which the 2015 Annual Meeting was held in Tbilisi. The authors are sure that readers are fully aware of the theoretical and practical importance of the research related to problems of systemic, cellular and molecular mechanisms of physiological functions and their disorders. The presented collection of works contains the results of relevant research conducted over the last three years (2015-2018). The authors will be very grateful for any feedback, recommendations and suggestions regarding their research for the implementation of which they have invested a lot of effort, time, knowledge and experience.

Author : Michael F. Holick
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1160 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2010-06-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781603273039

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Vitamin D by Michael F. Holick Pdf

In Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications, Second Edition, leading researchers provide a comprehensive, highly readable overview of the biological functions and clinical applications of vitamin D and its metabolites. Topics range from the most recent recommendations for vitamin D intake to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency and the development of active vitamin D drugs to treat psoriasis and cancer. The book demonstrates the significant role that vitamin D has in maintaining good bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis, an important health problem for adults over the age of fifty. In addition, it authoritatively reviews the relationship between sunlight exposure, vitamin D, and increased risk of colon and breast cancer; how vitamin D is made in the skin; and the sequence of events that leads to its activation by the kidney. Also examined are the biological functions of 1,25-dihydrovitamin D3 on the intestine and bone, as well as other tissues, such as skin, the immune system, prostate, and breast, and vitamin D's molecular mechanism of action on the cell membrane and nucleus. The first edition of Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology and Clinical Applications was the benchmark in the field when published in 1999. This new and expanded volume continues to include extensive, in-depth chapters covering the most important aspects of the complex interactions between vitamin D and other dietary components, the ongoing debate concerning the best indicator of optimal vitamin D status and its nutrient requirements, and the impact of less than optimal status on disease risk. Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications, Second Edition is designed and organized not only to be an up-to-date review on the subject, but also to provide medical students, graduate students, health care professionals and even the lay public with a reference source for the most up-to-date information about the vitamin D deficiency pandemic and its clinical implications for health and disease.

Author : Carolyn M. Ecelbarger,Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary,Hwal Lee,Swasti Tiwari
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-11-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615047338

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Molecular Mechanisms of Body Water Homeostasis by Carolyn M. Ecelbarger,Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary,Hwal Lee,Swasti Tiwari Pdf

This book discusses our intimate relationship with and dependence on water, how the body regulates its water levels, and various pathophysiological states associated with impairments in body water homeostasis. The human body consists of 70–80% water. Therefore, concise control of water homeostasis is essential to survival and involves coordination of several systems, but primarily the brain and kidney systems. Water requirements of the average healthy human range between 2–4 L/d, and a major portion of this can come from food sources. The major hormonal regulator of water balance is the anti-diuretic hormone, vasopressin. Vasopressin, a 9–amino acid peptide, is produced in the hypothalamus, stored in the posterior pituitary, and secreted when plasma osmolality rises. Vasopressin acts on the kidney to conserve water. The kidneys filter ∼180 L of blood per day, consisting of about 50–65% water, and reabsorb around 99% of this in the proximal tubule, distal tubule, and collecting duct, producing only 1–2 L of urine. The vasopressin-sensitive distal tubule and collecting duct are responsible for fine-tuning water reabsorption. Conditions exist, however, where urine cannot be concentrated effectively. This is known as diabetes insipidus and can lead to dehydration and failure to thrive. At the other extreme, hyponatremia (low serum sodium) is the inability to adequately dilute urine or get rid of free body water in excess of body needs, a serious and sometimes fatal condition.

Author : Bohuslav Ostadal,Naranjan S. Dhalla
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 467 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461452034

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Cardiac Adaptations by Bohuslav Ostadal,Naranjan S. Dhalla Pdf

This book summarizes present knowledge of different mechanisms involved in the development of positive and negative consequences of cardiac adaptation. Particular attention is paid to the still underestimated adaptive cardiac responses during development, to adaptation to the frequently occurring pressure and volume overload as well as to cardiac changes, induced by enduring exercise and chronic hypoxia. Cardiac Adaptations will be of great value to cardiovascular investigators, who will find this book highly useful in their cardiovascular studies for finding solutions in diverse pathological conditions; it will also appeal to students, fellows, scientists, and clinicians interested in cardiovascular abnormalities.