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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
NAMED A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR BY THE ECONOMIST By turns philosophical and darkly comic, an ex-smoker’s meditation on the nature and consequences of his nearly lifelong addiction. Written with the passion of an obsessive, Nicotine addresses a lifelong addiction, from the thrill of the first drag to the perennial last last cigarette. Reflecting on his experiences as a smoker from a young age, Gregor Hens investigates the irreversible effects of nicotine on thought and patterns of behavior. He extends the conversation with other smokers to meditations on Mark Twain and Italo Svevo, the nature of habit, and the validity of hypnosis. With comic insight and meticulous precision, Hens deconstructs every facet of dependency, offering a brilliant analysis of the psychopathology of addiction. This is a book about the physical, emotional, and psychological power of nicotine as not only an addictive drug, but also a gateway to memory, a long trail of streetlights in the rearview mirror of a smoker’s life. Cigarettes are sometimes a solace, sometimes a weakness, but always a witness and companion. This is a meditation, an ode, and a eulogy, one that will be passed hand-to-hand between close friends.
Neuroscience of Nicotine: Mechanisms and Treatment presents the fundamental information necessary for a thorough understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of nicotine addiction and its effects on the brain. Offering thorough coverage of all aspects of nicotine research, treatment, policy and prevention, and containing contributions from internationally recognized experts, the book provides students, early-career researchers, and investigators at all levels with a fundamental introduction to all aspects of nicotine misuse. With an estimated one billion individuals worldwide classified as tobacco users—and tobacco use often being synonymous with nicotine addiction—nicotine is one of the world’s most common addictive substances, and a frequent comorbidity of misuse of other common addictive substances. Nicotine alters a variety of neurological processes, from molecular biology, to cognition, and quitting is exceedingly difficult because of the number of withdrawal symptoms that accompany the process. Integrates cutting-edge research on the pharmacological, cellular and molecular aspects of nicotine use, along with its effects on neurobiological function Discusses nicotine use as a component of dual-use and poly addictions and outlines numerous screening and treatment strategies for misuse Covers both the physical and psychological effects of nicotine use and withdrawal to provide a fully-formed view of nicotine dependency and its effects
Institute of Medicine,Committee on Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths
Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 321 pages File Size : 51,9 Mb Release : 1994-02-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309051293
Growing Up Tobacco Free by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths Pdf
Tobacco use kills more people than any other addiction and we know that addiction starts in childhood and youth. We all agree that youths should not smoke, but how can this be accomplished? What prevention messages will they find compelling? What effect does tobacco advertisingâ€"more than $10 million worth every dayâ€"have on youths? Can we responsibly and effectively restrict their access to tobacco products? These questions and more are addressed in Growing Up Tobacco Free, prepared by the Institute of Medicine to help everyone understand the troubling issues surrounding youths and tobacco use. Growing Up Tobacco Free provides a readable explanation of nicotine's effects and the process of addiction, and documents the search for an effective approach to preventing the use of cigarettes, chewing and spitting tobacco, and snuff by children and youths. It covers the results of recent initiatives to limit young people's access to tobacco and discusses approaches to controls or bans on tobacco sales, price sensitivity among adolescents, and arguments for and against taxation as a prevention strategy for tobacco use. The controversial area of tobacco advertising is thoroughly examined. With clear guidelines for public action, everyone can benefit by reading and acting on the messages in this comprehensive and compelling book.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 775 pages File Size : 42,8 Mb Release : 2018-05-18 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309468374
Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Pdf
Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.
Analytical Determination of Nicotine and Related Compounds and their Metabolites by J.W. Gorrod,P. Jacob III Pdf
This book provides for the first time a single comprehensive source of information on the analytical chemistry of nicotine and related alkaloids. The editors have brought together scientists from academia and the tobacco industry to describe the state-of-the-art of the chemistry and analytical methods for measurement of nicotine. Both the scope and detail of the book are impressive. Chapters describe the history, pharmacology and toxicology of nicotine, the biosynthesis of nicotine and other alkaloids in the tobacco plant, the general chemistry of nicotine and the analytical methodologies that have been used to measure nicotine and related alkaloids in biological specimens, in tobacco and pharmaceutical products and in tobacco smoke. There is also a comprehensive review of the chemistry and toxicology of nicotine-derived nitrosamines, an important class of tobacco carcinogens.
One of Huffington Post’s 20 Fall 2016 Books You’ll Need for Your Bookshelf Featured in New York Magazine’s Fall 2016 Preview An Entertainment Weekly Fall 2016 Must-Read Featured in LitHub’s 2016 Bookseller’s Fall Preview Featured in The Guardian‘s Fall 2016 Books Preview: The Best American Writing From the “wonderfully talented” (Dwight Garner, New York Times) author of Mislaid and The Wallcreeper comes a fierce and audaciously funny new novel, dazzling in its energy and ambition: a story of obsession, idealism, and ownership, centered around a young woman who inherits her bohemian father’s childhood home. Recent business school graduate Penny Baker has rebelled against her family her whole life-by being the conventional one. Her mother, Amalia, was a member of an Amazonian tribe called the Kogi; her much older father, Norm, long ago attained cult-like deity status among a certain group of aging hippies while operating a ‘healing center’ in New Jersey. And she’s never felt particularly close to her much-older half-brothers from Norm’s previous marriage-one wickedly charming and obscenely rich (but mostly just wicked), one a photographer on a distant tropical island. But all that changes when her father dies, and Penny inherits his childhood home in New Jersey. She goes to investigate the property and finds it not overgrown and abandoned, but rather occupied by a group of friendly anarchist squatters whom she finds unexpectedly charming, and who have renamed the property Nicotine House. The residents of Nicotine House (defenders of smokers’ rights) possess the type of passion and fervor Penny feels she’s desperately lacking, and the other squatter houses in the neighborhood provide a sense of community Penny’s never felt before, and she soon moves into a nearby residence, becoming enmeshed in the political fervor and commitment of her fellow squatters. As the Baker family’s lives begin to converge around the fate of the Nicotine House, Penny grows ever bolder and more desperate to protect it-and its residents-until a fateful night when a reckless confrontation between her old family and her new one changes everything.
Royal College of Physicians of London. Tobacco Advisory Group
Author : Royal College of Physicians of London. Tobacco Advisory Group Publisher : Royal College of Physicians Page : 216 pages File Size : 52,7 Mb Release : 2000 Category : Science ISBN : 1860161227
Negative Affective States and Cognitive Impairments in Nicotine Dependence by F. Scott Hall,Jared W. Young,Andre Der-Avakian Pdf
Negative Affective States and Cognitive Impairments in Nicotine Dependence is the only book of its kind that addresses nicotine use and abuse in the context of negative reinforcement mechanisms. Written and edited by leading investigators in addiction, affective, genetic, and cognitive research, it provides researchers and advanced students with an overview of the clinical bases of these effects, allowing them to fully understand the various underlying dysfunctions that drive nicotine use in different individuals. In addition, this book examines animal models that researchers have utilized to investigate the biological bases of these dysfunctions. The combination of clinical and preclinical approaches to understanding nicotine dependence makes this book an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to develop targeted treatments aimed at ameliorating symptoms of nicotine dependence, as well as identifying premorbid differences in affective or cognitive function. Provides a unique perspective on nicotine dependence that emphasizes negative reinforcement rather than positive reinforcement Examines psychiatric comorbidities and alleviation of withdrawal states as motivation for continued tobacco use Includes both clinical and preclinical perspectives Includes genetic and multi-neurotransmitter perspectives on nicotine use and withdrawal Emphasizes heterogeneity of underlying reasons for smoking, the need for multiple animal models to understand this heterogeneity, and the expectation of heterogeneous responses to potential treatments, underscoring the need for personalized therapeutics
Nicotine Safety and Toxicity by Neal L. Benowitz Pdf
Papers from the symposium: The Safety and Toxicity of Nicotine, held in Braselton, Georgia, on December 6, 1996. Examines the potential risks of nicotine as a therapeutic medication for diseases such as: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Tourette syndrome, sleep apnea, attention deficit disorder, and more.
The Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Dependence by David J.K. Balfour,Marcus R. Munafò Pdf
The primary purpose of this book and its companion volume The Behavioral Genetics of Nicotine and Tobacco is to explore the ways in which recent studies on nicotine and its role in tobacco addiction have opened our eyes to the psychopharmacological properties of this unique and fascinating drug. While The Behavioral Genetics of Nicotine and Tobacco considers the molecular and genetic factors which influence behavioral responses to nicotine and how these may impact on the role of nicotine in tobacco dependence, the present book focuses on the complex neural and psychological mechanisms that mediate nicotine dependence in experimental animal models and their relationship to tobacco addiction in humans. These volumes will provide readers a contemporary overview of current research on nicotine psychopharmacology and its role in tobacco dependence from leaders in this field of researchand will hopefully prove valuable to those who are developing their own research programmes in this important topic.
Toxicological Evaluation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Products by Manuel C. Peitsch,Julia Hoeng Pdf
Toxicological Evaluation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Products (ENDP) discusses the scientific basis for the toxicological assessment and evaluation of ENDPs. The book covers aerosol chemistry, in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical studies. It provides the basis for the evaluation of short and long term-effects, along with relative risks. It also examines the potential role of ENDPs in tobacco harm reduction and how they may reduce the risk of disease in smokers who switch to them. This book is a comprehensive resource for toxicologists, health practitioners and public health professionals who want the scientific information necessary to assess the relative risk of ENDPs when compared with cigarette smoking and cessation. Delivers a comprehensive overview of current state of science Offers an integrated analysis of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products Provides guidance for methodologies
Lee Child recruits Joyce Carol Oates, Jonathan Ames, Cara Black, and others to reveal nicotine's scintillating alter egos. "Typically for Akashic--publisher of the terrific Noir series--the stories approach the subject matter from an impressive number of angles...Akashic has yet to produce a dull anthology, and this one is especially good." --Booklist "Sixteen tributes to America's guiltiest pleasure...Even confirmed anti-smokers will find something to savor." --Kirkus Reviews "The most successful entries delve bone-deep into addiction, as characters smoke to smother physical pain, loneliness, and their days...These writers capture the mental gymnastics behind the characters' bad decisions, and the joy such bad decisions can bring." --Publishers Weekly In recent years, nicotine has become as verboten as many hard drugs. The literary styles in this volume are as varied as the moral quandaries herein, and the authors have successfully unleashed their incandescent imaginations on the subject matter, fashioning an immensely addictive collection. Featuring brand-new stories by: Lee Child, Joyce Carol Oates, Jonathan Ames, Eric Bogosian, Achy Obejas, Michael Imperioli, Hannah Tinti, Ariel Gore, Bernice L. McFadden, Cara Black, Christopher Sorrentino, David L. Ulin, Jerry Stahl, Lauren Sanders, Peter Kimani, and Robert Arellano. From the introduction by Lee Child: Food scientists have discovered a complex compound naturally present in, among other things, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants. The compound offers us a number of benefits: it improves our fine motor skills; it increases our attention spans; it improves our cognitive abilities; it improves our long- and short-term memories; it lessens depression...In and of itself, it has no real downside. It's called nicotine. We should all get some. The problem is the delivery system...The most efficient way is to burn dried tobacco leaves and inhale the smoke. Ten seconds later, the compound is in your brain, doing good in all its various ways. Unfortunately, the rest of the smoke doesn't do good. And therein lies a great mystery of human behavior. To get the good, we risk the bad. Or we prohibit ourselves the good, for fear of the bad. Which approach makes more sense?
Allen Carr's Easy Way to Quit Vaping by Allen Carr,John Dicey Pdf
Allen Carr's Easyway is a global phenomenon - a clinically proven and 100% drug-free treatment for nicotine addiction. First used as an internationally renowned and incredibly successful stop-smoking method, this cutting-edge approach now addresses the fastest-growing nicotine delivery system in the world, vaping. The Easyway method tackles addiction from an entirely different angle. Rather than employing scare-tactics and enforcing painful restrictions on your vaping habits, it unravels the cognitive brainwashing behind your addictive behavior. In this way, it removes the desire to vape altogether without willpower or sacrifice. Whether you use e-cigarettes, JUUL, tanks or pens, or any kind of mod or pod, this method will work for you. All you have to do is read this book in its entirety, follow all of the instructions and you will be set free from your addiction to nicotine. • Does not rely on willpower, aids, substitutes, or gimmicks • Works without unpleasant withdrawal symptoms • Clinically proven to be AT LEAST as effective as UK health service's Gold Standard Stop Smoking Service. What people say about Allen Carr's Easyway method: "Allen Carr's international bestseller...has helped countless people quit." Time Out New York "I read this book and quit smoking instantly" Nikki Glaser "The Allen Carr program was nothing short of a miracle." Anjelica Huston "It was such a revelation that instantly I was freed from my addiction." Sir Anthony Hopkins "His skill is in removing the psychological dependence." The Sunday Times
United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher : U.S. Government Printing Office Page : 928 pages File Size : 44,6 Mb Release : 2012 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : UCBK:C095488540
Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Pdf
This Surgeon General's report details the causes and the consequences of tobacco use among youth and young adults by focusing on the social, environmental, advertising, and marketing influences that encourage youth and young adults to initiate and sustain tobacco use. This is the first time tobacco data on young adults as a discrete population have been explored in detail. The report also highlights successful strategies to prevent young people from using tobacco