Nitrogen Cycling In Ecosystems Of Latin America And The Caribbean

Author : G. Philip Robertson,R. Herrera,T. Rosswall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400976399

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Nitrogen Cycling in Ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean by G. Philip Robertson,R. Herrera,T. Rosswall Pdf

The large and rapidly expanding body ofliterature related to nitrogen cycling in both managed and native terrestrial ecosystems reflects the importance accorded to the behaviour of this vital and often limiting nutrient. Research at the organism, ecosystem and landscape levels commonly addresses questions concerning nitrogen acquisition, internal cycling and retention. Goals for this research include increased agricultural productivity and a better understanding of human impact on local, regional and global nitrogen cycles. Nitrogen cycle research in tropical regions has a long and distinguished history. Research on different aspects of nitrogen cycling in ecosystems of the tropics has been carried out in many regions. In relatively few instances has there, however, been a focus on the biogeochemical cycles at the ecosystem level. The meeting resulting in this volume was an attempt to bring together existing information on nitrogen cycling in ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean and discuss this in an ecosystem context.

Author : G. P. Robertson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9024724058

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Nitrogen Cycling in Ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean by G. P. Robertson Pdf

Author : G Philip Robertson,R. Herrera,T. Rosswall
Publisher : Springer
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1982-11-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9024727197

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Nitrogen Cycling in Ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean by G Philip Robertson,R. Herrera,T. Rosswall Pdf

The large and rapidly expanding body ofliterature related to nitrogen cycling in both managed and native terrestrial ecosystems reflects the importance accorded to the behaviour of this vital and often limiting nutrient. Research at the organism, ecosystem and landscape levels commonly addresses questions concerning nitrogen acquisition, internal cycling and retention. Goals for this research include increased agricultural productivity and a better understanding of human impact on local, regional and global nitrogen cycles. Nitrogen cycle research in tropical regions has a long and distinguished history. Research on different aspects of nitrogen cycling in ecosystems of the tropics has been carried out in many regions. In relatively few instances has there, however, been a focus on the biogeochemical cycles at the ecosystem level. The meeting resulting in this volume was an attempt to bring together existing information on nitrogen cycling in ecosystems of Latin America and the Caribbean and discuss this in an ecosystem context.

Author : O. van Cleemput,G. Hofman,A. Vermoesen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 666 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789401154505

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Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies by O. van Cleemput,G. Hofman,A. Vermoesen Pdf

This book contains the proceedings of the `8th Nitrogen Workshop' which was held at the University of Ghent, Belgium, from 5 to 8 September 1994. Although nitrogen dynamics in different ecosystems have been studied for several decades, new orientations and other emphases have recently emerged. Previously, nitrogen was considered as an essential element mostly in terms of productivity, but now, more emphasis is attached to environmental consequences. More than 100 contributions in this book tackle recent developments within the fields of nitrogen advice systems, plant response to fertilization, immobilization and mobilization, nitrification, denitrification, leaching, ammonia volatilization and biological nitrogen fixation. A large number of papers is devoted to the formation of gaseous nitrogen compounds, while mineralization-immobilization is another topic of important interest. The book also contains the reports of discussion groups on different aspects of the nitrogen cycle.

Author : Alan R. Townsend
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401146456

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New Perspectives on Nitrogen Cycling in the Temperate and Tropical Americas by Alan R. Townsend Pdf

Inputs of nitrogen to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have increased several-fold over the last one hundred and fifty years, with the steepest increases during the last four decades. The expansion of fertilizer manu facture and use, the increase in fossil fuel combustion, the intensification of animal husbandry, and widespread cultivation of N2 fixing crops have all contributed to the dramatic increase in N inputs. The increase has been most rapid in Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperate ecosystems, but presently subtropical and tropical regions of Asia are also experiencing an explosive increase in N inputs to terrestrial ecosystems (W. Chameides, pers. comm. ; Galloway et al. 1996). Projected increases in N deposition for these trop ical and subtropical regions, with a high natural background of N inputs, exceed increases projected for temperate and arctic regions (Cleveland et al. submitted; Galloway et al. 1994; Holland & Lamarque 1997a). Compared to biological N fixation, N deposition is becoming a proportionately greater source of N to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems worldwide (Vitousek et al. 1997). 6 The nitrogen contained in the atmosphere as N , 3. 9 * 10 Tg (Tg = 2 12 10 g), is the largest reservoir of N in the Earth system (Warneck 1988). However, this paper focuses on the nitrogen emissions and deposition that have been transformed from N2 into reactive forms that are biologically avail able (e. g. Vitousek et al. 1997).

Author : J. Tinsley,J.F. Darbyshire
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789400961012

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Biological Processes and Soil Fertility by J. Tinsley,J.F. Darbyshire Pdf

The success of shifting cultivation systems developed by subsistence farmers testifies to the resilience of the "natural" soil-plant ecosystems to recover from the offtake of nutrients in crops and loss of soil struc ture. By contrast, the development of intensive cropping systems requires large inputs especially of nitrogen, together with phosphorus, sulphur and other essential elements in order to maintain the nutrient levels needed for abundant crop yields. As Dr. Cooke ably pointed out in his introductory lecture, the dis coveries and experiments of the 19th century encouraged farmers in temperate zones to rely greatly on chemical fertilizers supplements. However, the work of Charles Da{win on soil mixing by earthworms and the discovery by Hellriegel and Wilfarth in 1886 that the nodules on legume roots contain colonies of symbiotic bacteria able to "capture" atmospheric nitrogen molecules to the benefit of the host plant heralded a growing realization of the importance of soil biota in fertility studies. Biological fixation of nitrogen has been the theme of many meetings and publi~ations hitherto but at this Conference, convened on the delightful campus of Reading University, attention was mainly focussed on other biological processes in soil fertility. These Proceedings record the dominant themes and include six keynote addresses delivered at plenary sessions and seven introductory lectures to paper reading sessions by invited individuals plus 22 of the proferred papers, in six sections as tabled in the contents list.

Author : L.O. Nilsson,Reinhard F. Hüttl,U.T. Johansson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 660 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401104555

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Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystems by L.O. Nilsson,Reinhard F. Hüttl,U.T. Johansson Pdf

From the research results and discussions presented in this book it becomes clear that a profound understanding of the various interrelationships of the nutritional aspects allows the implementation of specific management strategies to improve stability and productivity of forest ecosystems. In particular the effects of environmental changes as related to the impacts of air pollution, global change and land use on nutrient uptake and cycling processes in forest ecosystems are dealt with in detail. The book is divided into six main issues and each topic contains reviews as well as selected results of recent studies.

Author : James N. Galloway,Robert J. Charlson,Meinrat O. Andreae,Henning Rodhe
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400954762

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The Biogeochemical Cycling of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Remote Atmosphere by James N. Galloway,Robert J. Charlson,Meinrat O. Andreae,Henning Rodhe Pdf

Viewed from space, the Earth appears as a globe without a beginning or an end. Encompassing the globe is the atmosphere with its three phases- gaseous, liquid, and solid--moving in directions influenced by sunlight, gravity, and rotation. The chemical compositions of these phases are determined by biogeochemical cycles. Over the past hundred years, the processes governing the rates and reactions in the atmospheric biogeochemical cycles have typically been studied in regions where scientists lived. Hence, as time has gone by, the advances in our knowledge of atmospheric chemical cycles in remote areas have lagged substantially behind those for more populated areas. Not only are the data less abundant, they are also scattered. Therefore, we felt a workshop would be an excellent mechanism to assess the state of-knowledge of the atmospheric cycles of sulfur and nitrogen in remote areas and to make recommendations for future research. Thus, a NATO Advanced Research Workshop '~he Biogeochemical Cycling of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Remote Atmosphere" was held at the Bermuda Biological Station, St. Georges, Bermuda, from 8-12 October 1984. The workshop was attended by 24 international scientists known for their work in atmospheric cycling in remote areas. This volume contains the back ground papers and the discussions resulting from that workshop. The workshop was organized along the lines of the atmospheric cycle. There were working groups on emission, transport, transformation, and deposi tion.

Author : Luiz A. Martinelli,Robert W. Howarth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2007-01-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402055171

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Nitrogen Cycling in the Americas: Natural and Anthropogenic Influences and Controls by Luiz A. Martinelli,Robert W. Howarth Pdf

Advances in our understanding of the nitrogen cycle and the impact of anthropogenic activities on regional to global scales depend on the expansion of scientific studies to these fast-developing regions. This book presents a series of studies from across the Americas whose aim is to highlight key natural processes that control nitrogen cycling as well as discuss the main anthropogenic influences on the nitrogen cycle in both the tropical and temperate regions of the Americas.

Author : J.T. Lambers,G. Stulen,J.J. Neeteson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400943568

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Fundamental, Ecological and Agricultural Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism in Higher Plants by J.T. Lambers,G. Stulen,J.J. Neeteson Pdf

Rinie Hofstra has been a member of the Department of Plant Physiology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands, for 24 years. The nearer we came to 31 March 1985, her 65th birthday, the more we all realized how we would miss her - not only scientifically, but also socially. She left her mark on both research and teaching, always with an open mind and willing to change. After her PhD Thesis on 'Nitrogen Metabolism in Tomato Plants' she first continued working in that field, but soon started a joint project with the Department of Plant Ecology on hemiparasites. She then became involved in carbon metabolism, which resulted in her giving a Biotrop Course on C /C metabolism in 3 4 Indonesia. Her own research group, originally working on 'Nitrogen Metabolism', soon embraced 'Energy and Nitrogen Metabolism', as the research on respiration became more and more important. In running her group she showed all sides of her person. She used to stimulate and encourage everyone around her and to integrate the various lines of research. At the same time she always had an open mind for the opinion of all members of her group. And together they regularly criticized and evaluated the various projects and decided how to continue.

Author : F. J. Stevenson,M. A. Cole
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1999-04-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0471320714

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Cycles of Soils by F. J. Stevenson,M. A. Cole Pdf

An updated edition of the classic work on the inorganic chemistry of soils. * With its companion volume, Humus Chemistry, forms a complete, advanced-level treatment of both organic and inorganic aspects of soil chemistry. * Revised to keep pace with the latest developments in the field. * Provides more in-depth treatment of all topics.

Author : M. Clarholm,L. Bergström
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400910218

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Ecology of Arable Land — Perspectives and Challenges by M. Clarholm,L. Bergström Pdf

Agriculture in the industrial world has gone A common interest of the contributors is increas through dramatic changes over the past decades. ing the understanding of the turnover of carbon Mechanization in combination with high inputs of and inorganic nutrients in terestrial ecosystems. fertilizers and pesticides has turned deficits of agri The authors approach this topic from different cultural products into surplus. Over the same directions depending on their interests and ex period we have experienced increased environment pertise. Difficulties are identified in the quantifica al problems in both the atmosphere and our water tion of below-ground production where death and resources, which have been associated with the re-growth, if incorporated into the calculations, changes in management practices. can change production figures considerably as Concern about the potential pollution by compared to values derived from "peak" estimates. nitrogen fertilizers as well as the low utilization The role of root-derived carbon is investigated in efficiency of applied nitrogen by plants has created relation to nutrient competition between roots and a need for a better understanding of nitrogen microorganisms, the cost of N2 fixation and the cycling in the plant-soil-water system. To achieve decomposition of organic nitrogen. Mycorrhizae this, it is neccessary to study process interactions use root-derived carbon and their roles in phos and process regulation in an ecosystem context. phorus conservation and in supplying nutrients to During the last decade many ecosystem studies the host are exemplified.

Author : Gudni G. Hardarson,William J. Broughton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9789401723213

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Molecular Microbial Ecology of the Soil by Gudni G. Hardarson,William J. Broughton Pdf

Grain legume crops, e.g. common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and soyabeans (Glycine max L.) are amongst the main sources of protein in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Their high protein content derive from their ability, in symbiosis with Rhizobium bacteria, to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Incorporating contributions from molecular biologists, microbiologists, plant breeders and soil scientists, this volume reports the results of an FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme (1992-1996), whose main objective was to develop molecular biological methods to study rhizobial ecology. Use of better tracking methods will help enhance biological nitrogen fixation and thus grain legume yields, while reducing their reliance on soil- and/or fertilizer-nitrogen. This volume will be invaluable to scientists working on biological nitrogen fixation, soil microbial ecology and legume production.

Author : Manoj Kumar Jhariya,Arnab Banerjee,Ram Swaroop Meena,Dhiraj Kumar Yadav
Publisher : Springer
Page : 606 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811368301

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Sustainable Agriculture, Forest and Environmental Management by Manoj Kumar Jhariya,Arnab Banerjee,Ram Swaroop Meena,Dhiraj Kumar Yadav Pdf

The recent technologies for sustainable development and maintaining ecological integrity in the field of agriculture, forestry and environmental management for the green future. Describes the recent technologies and issues to generate awareness among the global scientific community towards sustainable development. Covers various eco-friendly approaches for successful management of soil, water, forest, agriculture, and other natural resources. Addresses the policy issues promoting conservation, protection and management of various natural resources. Presents the issues of climate change and sustainable strategies to combat such a mega event. The existence of life on the earth primarily depends upon the agriculture, forest and environment. The changing climate is imposing the multifaceted challenges in front of human civilization. The agroecosystem management practices and technologies leads to higher productivity with destruction of agricultural, forest and environmental habitat leading to soil-water-air pollution. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) plays a key role in the promoting research and developmental activities in various sectors to achieve the sustainable development goals under 2030 agenda. Gradual growth of science and technology has imposed a significant pressure on the different ecosystem. In this context, approaches such as sustainable agriculture, forestry and eco-friendly technologies need to be address across the world. Keeping view of these facts this book underlines scientific chapters dealing with the issues with proper explanation, and accompanied by illustrative diagrams, tables, database as required. The editors have tried to provide a brief scenario about the current issues related to the agriculture, forestry and environment. Therefore, the book would be a very useful resource for academicians, scientists, and policy makers of the related field.

Author : Robert Wetselaar,Jeffrey Randal Simpson,Thomas Rosswall
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Science
ISBN : CORNELL:31924003681065

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Nitrogen Cycling in South-East Asian Wet Monsoonal Ecosystems by Robert Wetselaar,Jeffrey Randal Simpson,Thomas Rosswall Pdf

Rice; Plantation systems; Natural communities; Legumes & casuarina; Environmental problems; Modelling & methodology; Rainwater; Work group reports; Authors & participants.