Nitrogen Fixation Research Progress

Author : H.J. Evans,P.J. Bottomley,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 696 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400951754

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Nitrogen fixation research progress by H.J. Evans,P.J. Bottomley,William E. Newton Pdf

This Symposium, held August 4-10, 1985 on the campus of Oregon State University in Corvallis, is the sixth of a series of international symposia concerned with broad aspects of the fixation of nitrogen gas by biological and chemical means. The first symposium of this series was held in Pullman, Washington (1974), the second in Salamanca, Spain (1976), the third in Madison, Wisconsin (1978), the fourth in Canberra, Australia (1980) and the fifth in Noordwij~erhout, The Netherlands (1983). Prior to the organization of these symposia, small groups of usually no more than 10 or 12 of the now "old guard" in the field met in some obscure places, including Butternut Lake, Wisconsin, Sanabel Island, Florida and Camp Sage hen in California, to discuss developments in the field. Concern about an energy crisis in the nineteen seventies served as an impetus for the organization of workshops and preparatiol. of publications urging government agencies to provide funds for the support of several neglected areas in the field, including the genetics of nitrogen-fixing organisms and the biology of Frankia. In looking back, it becomes apparent that there have been drastic changes in the extent of research support in the field and in the contents of the programs of the continuing series of symposia.

Author : H. J. Evans
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:927621515

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Nitrogen Fixation Research Progress by H. J. Evans Pdf

Author : H.J. Evans,P. J. Bottomley,William E Newton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 748 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1985-10-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9400951760

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Nitrogen Fixation Research Progress by H.J. Evans,P. J. Bottomley,William E Newton Pdf

Author : Guilherme N. Couto
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Nitrogen
ISBN : 1604564024

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Nitrogen Fixation Research Progress by Guilherme N. Couto Pdf

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen is taken from its natural, relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds (such as, notably, ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide) useful for other chemical processes. Nitrogen fixation is performed naturally by a number of different prokaryotes, including bacteria, actinobacteria, and certain types of anaerobic bacteria. Microorganisms that fix nitrogen are called diazotrophs. Some higher plants, and some animals (termites), have formed associations with diazotrophs. Nitrogen fixation also occurs as a result of non-biological processes. These include lightning, industrially through the Haber-Bosch process, and combustion. This book presents the latest research from around the world.

Author : Werner Klipp,Bernd Masepohl,John R. Gallon,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2006-01-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402021794

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Genetics and Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation in Free-Living Bacteria by Werner Klipp,Bernd Masepohl,John R. Gallon,William E. Newton Pdf

Genetics and Regulation of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria This book is the second volume of a seven-volume series, which covers all fields of research related to nitrogen fixation - from basic studies through applied aspects to environmental impacts. Volume II provides a comprehensive and detailed source of information concerning the genetics and regulation of biological nitrogen fixation in free-living prokaryotes. This preface attempts to provide the reader with some insight into how this volume originated, how it was planned, and then how it developed over the several years of its production. Once the editorial team was established, the first job was to decide which of the many free-living diazotrophs that have been subjected to genetic analysis should be included in this volume. Would we need to develop specific criteria for selection or would the organisms, in effect, select themselves? Of course, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii, which have served (and still serve) as the main model organisms for the genetic analysis of diazotrophy, plus some of the other bacteria described in this volume, did indeed select themselves. However, there was considerable discussion surrounding well-characterized fixing species, like Azorhizobium caulinodans and Herbaspirillum seropedicae, both of which are able to fix atmospheric N under free-living conditions.

Author : C. Veeger,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 738 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789400969230

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Advances in Nitrogen Fixation Research by C. Veeger,William E. Newton Pdf

As for the preceding four International Symposia on Nitrogen Fixation, held in Pullman, Washington USA (1974); Salamanca, Spain (1976); Madison, Wisconsin, USA (1978); and Canberra, Australia (1980), the 5th Symposium held from August 28 - September 3, 1983 in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, received the gene rous support of the Charles F. Kettering Foundation Research Laboratory and the Tennessee Valley Authority. This support has helped research progress in this broad field of science by offering a forum both for the exchange of ideas and for scientific summary and discussion as captured over the last 10 years in each of the four books published previously. Although all previous meetings were well attended, the present conference was the largest so far. 550 scien tists from 60 different countries attended the "Leeuwenhorst Conference", re presenting the many different disciplines actively involved in research in this field: chemists, biochemists, molecular biologists, geneticists, microbiologists, plant physiologists, agriculturalists. A large number of them had to go through a difficult period to raise the necessary funds to attend. In addition, a parallel meeting of "policymakers" from Southeast Asia, Africa and South America was held under the auspices of Crosscurrents International Institute, Dayton, OR, USA and the United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan. These participants attended some of the scientific sessions to benefit from the vision of a number of scientists at the symposium.

Author : Claudine Elmerich,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2007-05-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402035463

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Associative and Endophytic Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria and Cyanobacterial Associations by Claudine Elmerich,William E. Newton Pdf

This self-contained volume covers fundamental and applied aspects of nitrogen-fixation research. The book describes milestones in the discovery of the associative and endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria found involved with cereal crops, forage grasses, and sugar cane. It provides a comprehensive overview of their phylogeny, physiology, and genetics as well as of the biology of their association with their host plants, including tools for in situ localization and population-dynamics analysis. Also included are chapters describing the functions required for a bacterium to be competent and competitive in the rhizosphere, and analysis of associations of cyanobacteria with fungi, diatoms, bryophytes, cycads, Azolla, and Gunnera.

Author : Dietrich Werner,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2005-10-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 140203542X

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Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture, Forestry, Ecology, and the Environment by Dietrich Werner,William E. Newton Pdf

Sustainability has a major part to play in the global challenge of continued development of regions, countries, and continents all around the World and biological nitrogen fixation has a key role in this process. This volume begins with chapters specifically addressing crops of major global importance, such as soybeans, rice, and sugar cane. It continues with a second important focus, agroforestry, and describes the use and promise of both legume trees with their rhizobial symbionts and other nitrogen-fixing trees with their actinorhizal colonization. An over-arching theme of all chapters is the interaction of the plants and trees with microbes and this theme allows other aspects of soil microbiology, such as interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the impact of soil-stress factors on biological nitrogen fixation, to be addressed. Furthermore, a link to basic science occurs through the inclusion of chapters describing the biogeochemically important nitrogen cycle and its key relationships among nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. The volume then provides an up-to-date view of the production of microbial inocula, especially those for legume crops.

Author : Barry E. Smith,Raymond L. Richards,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402036118

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Catalysts for Nitrogen Fixation by Barry E. Smith,Raymond L. Richards,William E. Newton Pdf

Biological nitrogen fixation provides more than 50% of the total annual input of the essential element nitrogen to world agriculture. Thus, it is of immense agronomic importance and critical to food supplies, particularly in developing countries. This book, with chapters authored by internationally renowned experts, provides a comprehensive and detailed account of the fascinating history of the process - including the surprising discoveries of molybdenum-independent nitrogenases and superoxide-dependent nitrogenase; a review of Man's attempts to emulate the biological process - most successfully with the commercially dominant Haber-Bosch process; and the current state of the understanding art with respect to the enzymes - called nitrogenases - responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. The initial chapters use a historical approach to the biological and industrial processes, followed by an overview of assay methodologies. The next set of chapters focuses on the classical enzyme, the molybdenum nitrogenase, and details its biosynthesis, structure, composition, and mechanism of action as well as detailing both how variants of its two component proteins are constructed by recombinant DNA technology and how computational techniques are being applied. The sophisticated chemical modelling of the metal-containing clusters in the enzyme is reviewed next, followed by a description of the two molybdenum-independent nitrogenases - first, the vanadium-containing enzyme and then the iron-only nitrogenase - together with some thoughts as to why they exist! Then follows an up-to-date treatment of the clearly "non-classical" properties of the superoxide-dependent nitrogenase, which more closely resembles molybdenum-containing hydroxylases and related enzymes, like nitrate reductase, that it does the other nitrogenases. Each chapter contains an extensive list of references. This book is the self-contained first volume of a comprehensive seven-volume series. No other available work provides the up-to-date and in-depth coverage of this series and this volume. This book is intended to serve as an indispensable reference work for all scientists working in this area, including agriculture and the closely related metals-in-biology area; to assist students to enter this challenging area of research; and to provide science administrators easy access to vital relevant information.

Author : Dietrich Werner,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2005-10-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 140203542X

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Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture, Forestry, Ecology, and the Environment by Dietrich Werner,William E. Newton Pdf

Sustainability has a major part to play in the global challenge of continued development of regions, countries, and continents all around the World and biological nitrogen fixation has a key role in this process. This volume begins with chapters specifically addressing crops of major global importance, such as soybeans, rice, and sugar cane. It continues with a second important focus, agroforestry, and describes the use and promise of both legume trees with their rhizobial symbionts and other nitrogen-fixing trees with their actinorhizal colonization. An over-arching theme of all chapters is the interaction of the plants and trees with microbes and this theme allows other aspects of soil microbiology, such as interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the impact of soil-stress factors on biological nitrogen fixation, to be addressed. Furthermore, a link to basic science occurs through the inclusion of chapters describing the biogeochemically important nitrogen cycle and its key relationships among nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. The volume then provides an up-to-date view of the production of microbial inocula, especially those for legume crops.

Author : Katharina Pawlowski,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2007-10-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402035470

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Nitrogen-fixing Actinorhizal Symbioses by Katharina Pawlowski,William E. Newton Pdf

For researchers and graduates with any interest in plant or soil sciences, this fascinating study will be a godsend – it’s the complete state of the art with regard to actinorhizal symbioses. The self-contained sixth volume of a comprehensive series on nitrogen fixation, it includes chapters that deal with all aspects of this symbiosis between actinorhizal plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. It also contains information both about symbionts and their ecological role and use. Other chapters tackle the global distribution of different actinorhizal plants and their microsymbionts and how this impacts the question of co-evolution of the micro- and macrosymbionts as well as comparing the actinorhizal and leguminous symbioses. No other book provides the up-to-date and in-depth coverage of this volume.

Author : Yi-Ping Wang,Min Lin,Zhe-Xian Tian,Claudine Elmerich,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2006-01-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781402035708

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Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment by Yi-Ping Wang,Min Lin,Zhe-Xian Tian,Claudine Elmerich,William E. Newton Pdf

The 14th International Nitrogen Fixation Congress was held in Beijing, China from October 27th through November 1st, 2004. This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Congress and represents a compilation of the presentations by scientists from more than 30 countries around the World who came to Beijing to discuss the progress made since the last Congress and to exchange ideas and information. This year marked the 30th anniversary of the first Congress held in Pullman, Washington, USA, in 1974. Since then, this series of Congresses has met five times in North America (three in the United States and once each in Canada and Mexico), once in South America (Brazil), four times in Western Europe (once each in Spain, The Netherlands, Germany and France), once in Eastern Europe (Russia), and once in Australia; and now for the first time in Asia. China was a most appropriate choice because China is a big country with the largest population in the World, about 1. 3 billion people, which is about 22% of the World’s population. It is traditionally an agricultural country, even though China has only 7% of the available farming land. This situation explains why agriculture and its productivity are major issues for the Chinese people, its government and the scientists in the field.

Author : Dietrich Werner,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2010-10-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 904816897X

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Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture, Forestry, Ecology, and the Environment by Dietrich Werner,William E. Newton Pdf

Sustainability has a major part to play in the global challenge of continued development of regions, countries, and continents all around the World and biological nitrogen fixation has a key role in this process. This volume begins with chapters specifically addressing crops of major global importance, such as soybeans, rice, and sugar cane. It continues with a second important focus, agroforestry, and describes the use and promise of both legume trees with their rhizobial symbionts and other nitrogen-fixing trees with their actinorhizal colonization. An over-arching theme of all chapters is the interaction of the plants and trees with microbes and this theme allows other aspects of soil microbiology, such as interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the impact of soil-stress factors on biological nitrogen fixation, to be addressed. Furthermore, a link to basic science occurs through the inclusion of chapters describing the biogeochemically important nitrogen cycle and its key relationships among nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification. The volume then provides an up-to-date view of the production of microbial inocula, especially those for legume crops.

Author : Werner Klipp,Bernd Masepohl,John R. Gallon,William E. Newton
Publisher : Springer
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2009-09-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9048100291

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Genetics and Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation in Free-Living Bacteria by Werner Klipp,Bernd Masepohl,John R. Gallon,William E. Newton Pdf

Genetics and Regulation of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria This book is the second volume of a seven-volume series, which covers all fields of research related to nitrogen fixation - from basic studies through applied aspects to environmental impacts. Volume II provides a comprehensive and detailed source of information concerning the genetics and regulation of biological nitrogen fixation in free-living prokaryotes. This preface attempts to provide the reader with some insight into how this volume originated, how it was planned, and then how it developed over the several years of its production. Once the editorial team was established, the first job was to decide which of the many free-living diazotrophs that have been subjected to genetic analysis should be included in this volume. Would we need to develop specific criteria for selection or would the organisms, in effect, select themselves? Of course, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii, which have served (and still serve) as the main model organisms for the genetic analysis of diazotrophy, plus some of the other bacteria described in this volume, did indeed select themselves. However, there was considerable discussion surrounding well-characterized fixing species, like Azorhizobium caulinodans and Herbaspirillum seropedicae, both of which are able to fix atmospheric N under free-living conditions.

Author : Esperanza Martínez,Georgina Hernández
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461547952

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Highlights of Nitrogen Fixation Research by Esperanza Martínez,Georgina Hernández Pdf

For 31 years, the North American Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Conference (for merly Rhizobium Conference) has been a forum for scientists and graduate students to discuss their research advances, extending from basic aspects to agricultural appli cations, and dealing with topics ranging from bacterial genetics and metabolism to plant genetics and physiology. Nitrogen fixation, being a major life-supporting process on this planet, has attracted the interest of researchers for more than one century. Nitrogen fixation is responsible for the conversion of "inert" dinitrogen (N ) gas from the atmos z phere into usable ammonia, replacing the fixed nitrogen constantly being lost to the atmosphere by the denitrification process. Worldwide agricultural productivity is deter mined by the availability of fixed nitrogen in all its forms, which the continually increas ing human population depends upon for survival. An international momentum is developing in the use of biofertilizers to improve legume and non-legume crop yields and in the study of genomics in this area. New studies are being undertaken in several laboratories to study novel nitrogen-fixing systems, including non-legume crops. The North American Conferences on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation have periodically chronicled the advances in our knowledge of this area. For the first time, this conference was held in Mexico. Thus, all three North Amer ican countries have been hosts for this event. This year conference brought nearly 200 scientists from 18 different countries presenting lectures and over 80 posters.