Outdoor Human Comfort And Its Assessment

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Outdoor Human Comfort and Its Assessment

Task Committee on Outdoor Human Comfort
Outdoor Human Comfort and Its Assessment Book PDF

Author : Task Committee on Outdoor Human Comfort
Publisher : ASCE Publications
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0784475377

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Outdoor Human Comfort and Its Assessment by Task Committee on Outdoor Human Comfort Pdf

Prepared by the Task Committee on Outdoor Human Comfort of the Aerodynamics Committee of the Aerospace Division of ASCE This report describes state-of-the-art methods for assessing and improving outdoor human comfort. Factors affecting outdoor comfort are wind, air temperature, humidity, sun, and precipitation. Wind, in particular, is greatly affected by large buildings, and many modern developments are wind-tunnel tested to examine how wind flows around new buildings will affect pedestrians. This report discusses testing methods and criteria for assessing comfort and safety. Criteria are expressed in terms of both threshold wind speeds for discomfort and also the percentage of time that conditions should be below those thresholds. Historically, wind and its mechanical effects?such as picking up dust, impairing balance, or blowing people over?were the factors receiving the most attention. More recently, however, methods have been developed to address other factors, such as solar radiation, air temperature, and humidity. Topics include: elements of the microclimate; methods of determining wind conditions; wind criteria and control measures; and assessing thermal comfort.

Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Environment

Kevin Ka-Lun Lau,Zheng Tan,Tobi Eniolu Morakinyo,Chao Ren
Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Environment Book PDF

Author : Kevin Ka-Lun Lau,Zheng Tan,Tobi Eniolu Morakinyo,Chao Ren
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811652455

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Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Environment by Kevin Ka-Lun Lau,Zheng Tan,Tobi Eniolu Morakinyo,Chao Ren Pdf

This book highlights the importance of outdoor thermal comfort for improving urban living quality in the context of urban planning and urban geometry design. It introduces readers to a range of assessment methods and applications of outdoor thermal comfort and addresses urban geometry and thermal environment at the neighbourhood scale using real-world examples and parametric studies. In addition, the subjective evaluations by urban dwellers and numerical modelling tools introduced in this book provide not only a comprehensive assessment of outdoor thermal comfort but also an integrated approach to using thermal comfort indicators as a standard in high-density cities. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for urban climate researchers, urban planners, and designers, and policymakers pursuing more liveable urban environments.

Design With Microclimate

Robert D. Brown
Design With Microclimate Book PDF

Author : Robert D. Brown
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2010-09-02
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781597269896

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Design With Microclimate by Robert D. Brown Pdf

Robert Brown helps us see that a "thermally comfortable microclimate" is the very foundation of well-designed and well-used outdoor places. Brown argues that as we try to minimize human-induced changes to the climate and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels-as some areas become warmer, some cooler, some wetter, and some drier, and all become more expensive to regulate-good microclimate design will become increasingly important. In the future, according to Brown, all designers will need to understand climatic issues and be able to respond to their challenges. Brown describes the effects that climate has on outdoor spaces-using vivid illustrations and examples-while providing practical tools that can be used in everyday design practice. The heart of the book is Brown's own design process, as he provides useful guidelines that lead designers clearly through the complexity of climate data, precedents, site assessment, microclimate modification, communication, design, and evaluation. Brown strikes an ideal balance of technical information, anecdotes, examples, and illustrations to keep the book engaging and accessible. His emphasis throughout is on creating microclimates that attend to the comfort, health, and well-being of people, animals, and plants. Design with Microclimate is a vital resource for students and practitioners in landscape architecture, architecture, planning, and urban design.

Handbook of Research on Digital Research Methods and Architectural Tools in Urban Planning and Design

Abusaada, Hisham,Vellguth, Carsten,Elshater, Abeer
Handbook of Research on Digital Research Methods and Architectural Tools in Urban Planning and Design Book PDF

Author : Abusaada, Hisham,Vellguth, Carsten,Elshater, Abeer
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-28
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781522592402

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Handbook of Research on Digital Research Methods and Architectural Tools in Urban Planning and Design by Abusaada, Hisham,Vellguth, Carsten,Elshater, Abeer Pdf

The efficient usage, investigation, and promotion of new methods, tools, and technologies within the field of architecture, particularly in urban planning and design, is becoming more critical as innovation holds the key to cities becoming smarter and ultimately more sustainable. In response to this need, strategies that can potentially yield more realistic results are continually being sought. The Handbook of Research on Digital Research Methods and Architectural Tools in Urban Planning and Design is a critical reference source that comprehensively covers the concepts and processes of more than 20 new methods in both planning and design in the field of architecture and aims to explain the ways for researchers to apply these methods in their works. Pairing innovative approaches alongside traditional research methods, the physical dimensions of traditional and new cities are addressed in addition to the non-physical aspects and applied models that are currently under development in new settlements such as sustainable cities, smart cities, creative cities, and intercultural cities. Featuring a wide range of topics such as built environment, urban morphology, and city information modeling, this book is essential for researchers, academicians, professionals, technology developers, architects, engineers, and policymakers.

Human Thermal Environments

Ken Parsons
Human Thermal Environments Book PDF

Author : Ken Parsons
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2007-03-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781420025248

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Human Thermal Environments by Ken Parsons Pdf

Our responses to our thermal environment have a considerable effect on our performance and behavior, not least in the realm of work. There has been considerable scientific investigation of these responses and formal methods have been developed for environmental evaluation and design. In recent years these have been developed to the extent that detailed national and international standards of practice have now become feasible. This new edition of Ken Parson's definitive text brings us back up to date. He covers hot, moderate and cold environments, and defines these in terms of six basic parameters: air temperature, radiate temperature, humidity, air velocity, clothing worn, and the person's activity. There is a focus on the principles and practice of human response, which incorporates psychology, physiology and environmental physics with applied ergonomics. Water requirements, computer modeling and computer-aided design are brought in, as are current standards. Special populations, such as the aged or disabled and specialist environments such as those found in vehicles are also considered. This book continues to be the standard text for the design of environments for humans to live and work safely, comfortably and effectively, and for the design of materials which help the same people cope with their environments.

Adaptive Thermal Comfort: Principles and Practice

Fergus Nicol,Michael Humphreys,Susan Roaf
Adaptive Thermal Comfort Principles and Practice Book PDF

Author : Fergus Nicol,Michael Humphreys,Susan Roaf
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781136336478

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Adaptive Thermal Comfort: Principles and Practice by Fergus Nicol,Michael Humphreys,Susan Roaf Pdf

The fundamental function of buildings is to provide safe and healthy shelter. For the fortunate they also provide comfort and delight. In the twentieth century comfort became a 'product' produced by machines and run on cheap energy. In a world where fossil fuels are becoming ever scarcer and more expensive, and the climate more extreme, the challenge of designing comfortable buildings today requires a new approach. This timely book is the first in a trilogy from leaders in the field which will provide just that. It explains, in a clear and comprehensible manner, how we stay comfortable by using our bodies, minds, buildings and their systems to adapt to indoor and outdoor conditions which change with the weather and the climate. The book is in two sections. The first introduces the principles on which the theory of adaptive thermal comfort is based. The second explains how to use field studies to measure thermal comfort in practice and to analyze the data gathered. Architects have gradually passed responsibility for building performance to service engineers who are largely trained to see comfort as the ‘product’, designed using simplistic comfort models. The result has contributed to a shift to buildings that use ever more energy. A growing international consensus now calls for low-energy buildings. This means designers must first produce robust, passive structures that provide occupants with many opportunities to make changes to suit their environmental needs. Ventilation using free, natural energy should be preferred and mechanical conditioning only used when the climate demands it. This book outlines the theory of adaptive thermal comfort that is essential to understand and inform such building designs. This book should be required reading for all students, teachers and practitioners of architecture, building engineering and management – for all who have a role in producing, and occupying, twenty-first century adaptive, low-carbon, comfortable buildings.

Advanced Environmental Wind Engineering

Yukio Tamura,Ryuichiro Yoshie
Advanced Environmental Wind Engineering Book PDF

Author : Yukio Tamura,Ryuichiro Yoshie
Publisher : Springer
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9784431559122

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Advanced Environmental Wind Engineering by Yukio Tamura,Ryuichiro Yoshie Pdf

This book is highly suitable for advanced courses as it introduces state-of-the-art information and the latest research results on diverse problems in the environmental wind engineering field. The topics include indoor natural ventilation, pedestrian wind environment, pollutant dispersion, urban heat island phenomena, urban ventilation, indoor/outdoor thermal comfort, and experimental/numerical techniques to analyze those issues. Winds have a great influence on the outdoor environment, especially in urban areas. Problems that they cause can be attributed to either strong wind or weak wind issues. Strong winds around high-rise buildings can bring about unpleasant, and in some cases dangerous, situations for people in the outdoor environment. On the other hand, weak wind conditions can also cause problems such as air pollution and heat island phenomena in urban areas. Winds enhance urban ventilation and reduce those problems. They also enhance natural ventilation in buildings, which can reduce the energy consumption of mechanical ventilation fans and air conditioners for cooling. Moderate winds improve human thermal comfort in both indoor and outdoor environments in summer. Environmental wind engineering associated with wind tunnel experiments and numerical analysis can contribute to solutions to these issues.

Environmental Ergonomics - The Ergonomics of Human Comfort, Health, and Performance in the Thermal Environment

Yutaka Tochihara,Tadakatsu Ohnaka
Environmental Ergonomics The Ergonomics of Human Comfort Health and Performance in the Thermal Environment Book PDF

Author : Yutaka Tochihara,Tadakatsu Ohnaka
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2005-04-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080455709

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Environmental Ergonomics - The Ergonomics of Human Comfort, Health, and Performance in the Thermal Environment by Yutaka Tochihara,Tadakatsu Ohnaka Pdf

Environmental Ergonomics addresses the problems of maintaining human comfort, activity and health in stressful environments. Its subject areas include thermal environments, illumination, noise and hypo- and hyperbaric environments. The book concentrates fundamentally on the way the thermal environment has affected human comfort, health and performance from the age of cave-dwellings to our age of skyscrapers. This book contains only papers selected from the 10th ICEE held in Japan 23-27 September 2002. The ICEE has been held biannually since 1982, and has firmly established itself as the world’s most distinguished conference in its field, offering the ideal forum for research scientists, medical doctors, engineers, administrators, technicians, healthcare professionals and students to share their work and ideas. Selected papers from the 10th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics held in Japan, 23-27 September 2002. They have been revised and peer-reviewed. Papers included in this text have been widely recognised as the catalyst for the recent advances witnessed in Environmental Ergonomics in Asia. They strike a balance between academia and industries' views on environmental ergonomics. Add this volume to your copy of the Elsevier Ergonomics Book Series.

The Tall Buildings Reference Book

David Parker,Antony Wood
The Tall Buildings Reference Book Book PDF

Author : David Parker,Antony Wood
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 932 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-12
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781136258039

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The Tall Buildings Reference Book by David Parker,Antony Wood Pdf

As the ever-changing skylines of cities all over the world show, tall buildings are an increasingly important solution to accommodating growth more sustainably in today’s urban areas. Whether it is residential, a workplace or mixed use, the tower is both a statement of intent and the defining image for the new global city. The Tall Buildings Reference Book addresses all the issues of building tall, from the procurement stage through the design and construction process to new technologies and the building’s contribution to the urban habitat. A case study section highlights the latest, the most innovative, the greenest and the most inspirational tall buildings being constructed today. A team of over fifty experts in all aspects of building tall have contributed to the making of the Tall Buildings Reference Book, creating an unparalleled source of information and inspiration for architects, engineers and developers.

Wind Tunnel Testing of High-Rise Buildings

Peter Irwin,Roy Denoon,David Scott
Wind Tunnel Testing of High Rise Buildings Book PDF

Author : Peter Irwin,Roy Denoon,David Scott
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781317999966

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Wind Tunnel Testing of High-Rise Buildings by Peter Irwin,Roy Denoon,David Scott Pdf

Since the 1960s, wind tunnel testing has become a commonly used tool in the design of tall buildings. It was pioneered, in large part, during the design of the World Trade Center Towers in New York. Since those early days of wind engineering, wind tunnel testing techniques have developed in sophistication, but these techniques are not widely understood by the designers using the results. As a direct result, the CTBUH Wind Engineering Working Group was formed to develop a concise guide for the non-specialist. The primary goal of this guide is to provide an overview of the wind tunnel testing process for design professionals. This knowledge allows readers to ask the correct questions of their wind engineering consultants throughout the design process. This is not an in-depth guide to the technical intricacies of wind tunnel testing, it focusses instead on the information the design community needs, including: a unique methodology for the presentation of wind tunnel results to allow straightforward comparison of results from different wind tunnel laboratories. advice on when a tall building is likely to be sufficiently sensitive to wind effects to benefit from a wind tunnel test background for assessing whether design codes and standards are applicable details of the types of tests that are commonly conducted descriptions of the fundamentals of wind climate and the interaction of wind and tall buildings This unique book is an essential guide for all designers of tall buildings, and anyone else interested in the process of wind tunnel testing for tall buildings.

Handbook of Geospatial Approaches to Sustainable Cities

Qihao Weng
Handbook of Geospatial Approaches to Sustainable Cities Book PDF

Author : Qihao Weng
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2024-04-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781040027493

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Handbook of Geospatial Approaches to Sustainable Cities by Qihao Weng Pdf

This comprehensive handbook presents the current state of knowledge on geospatial technologies, techniques, and methods that are imperative for providing solutions to sustainable cities. It addresses the role of geospatial big data and AI techniques and how they are applied when analyzing the sustainability of urban development, land use, urban planning, and resource management, as well as monitoring the impact urbanization has on the environment and the ecosystem. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to sustainable cities, and with contributions from renowned experts around the world, this holistic handbook is a toolbox for geospatial, urban, and sustainability professionals, the artificial intelligence community, and those who work in related fields. Features: Explores cutting-edge geospatial and AI techniques in support of efficient, resilient, digital, and smart cities Bridges urban science and sustainability science via geospatial methods Contributes to the efforts of GEO by addressing and exemplifying pertinent societal benefit areas and engagement priorities Includes 16 case studies with a broad geographic scope that integrate societal needs with technological advances Draws expertise in geospatial technology, big data, and artificial intelligence from leading experts in the world This book is intended for researchers and scientists interested in learning techniques in GeoAI, including the technologies for collecting, analyzing, managing, processing, and visualizing geospatial datasets.

Who's Who in Modern History

Alan Palmer
Who s Who in Modern History Book PDF

Author : Alan Palmer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2019-05-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781136160677

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Who's Who in Modern History by Alan Palmer Pdf

Alan Palmer has written over thirty books, including biographies of Bismarck, Kaiser Wilhelm II and Kemal Ataturk and nine reference works. He has been a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature since 1980. Part of the relaunched, cheaper, B-format Who's Who series Truly global history - includes Asia, Africa, and Latin America Previously published as Who's Who in World Politics

Environmental Wind Engineering and Design of Wind Energy Structures

Charalambos Baniotopoulos,Claudio Borri,Theodore Stathopoulos
Environmental Wind Engineering and Design of Wind Energy Structures Book PDF

Author : Charalambos Baniotopoulos,Claudio Borri,Theodore Stathopoulos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2011-12-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783709109533

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Environmental Wind Engineering and Design of Wind Energy Structures by Charalambos Baniotopoulos,Claudio Borri,Theodore Stathopoulos Pdf

The book presents a state-of-the-art in environmental aerodynamics and the structural design of wind energy support structures, particularly from a modern computational perspective. Examples include real-life applications dealing with pollutant dispersion in the building environment, pedestrian-level winds, comfort levels, relevant legislation and remedial measures. Design methodologies for wind energy structures include reliability assessment and code frameworks.

Daylighting

Peter Tregenza,Michael Wilson
Daylighting Book PDF

Author : Peter Tregenza,Michael Wilson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-01-11
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781135883034

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Daylighting by Peter Tregenza,Michael Wilson Pdf

This authoritative and multi-disciplinary book provides architects, lighting specialists, and anyone else working daylight into design, with all the tools needed to incorporate this most fundamental element of architecture. It includes: an overview of current practice of daylighting in architecture and urban planning a review of recent research on daylighting and what this means to the practitioner a global vision of architectural lighting which is linked to the climates of the world and which integrates view, sunlight, diffuse skylight and electric lighting up-to-date tools for design in practice delivery of information in a variety of ways for interdisciplinary readers: graphics, mathematics, text, photographs and in-depth illustrations a clear structure: eleven chapters covering different aspects of lighting, a set of worksheets giving step-by-step examples of calculations and design procedures for use in practice, and a collection of algorithms and equations for reference by specialists and software designers. This book should trigger creative thought. It recognizes that good lighting design needs both knowledge and imagination.

High-Rise Urban Form and Microclimate

Feng Yang,Liang Chen
High Rise Urban Form and Microclimate Book PDF

Author : Feng Yang,Liang Chen
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2019-12-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811517143

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High-Rise Urban Form and Microclimate by Feng Yang,Liang Chen Pdf

The book comprehensively investigates the relationship between critical urban form and fabric parameters and urban microclimate in the high-rise urban environment that prevails in Asian megacities such as Shanghai. It helps readers gain a deeper understanding of climate-responsive urban design strategies and tactics for effectively mitigating the negative impacts of deteriorating urban thermal environments on pedestrian thermal comfort, outdoor air quality and building energy consumption. It also reviews the latest advances in urban climate research, with a focus on the challenges in terms of outdoor space comfort, health, and livability posed by the high-rise and high-density development in emerging Asian megacities, and proposes an integrated framework in response to the pressing need for microclimate research. It then presents a series of studies on high-rise residential and non-residential urban neighborhoods and districts based on instrumented field study, validated numerical simulation, and spatial analysis using a GIS platform. The book includes extensive, valuable experimental data presented in a clear and concise manner. The thermal atlas methodology based on empirical modeling and spatial analysis described is a useful climate-responsive design tool for both urban designer and architects. As such, the book is of particular interest to researchers, professionals, and graduate students in the fields of urban planning and design, building science and urban climatology.