Outdoor Thermal Comfort In Urban Environment

Author : Kevin Ka-Lun Lau,Zheng Tan,Tobi Eniolu Morakinyo,Chao Ren
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811652455

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Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Environment by Kevin Ka-Lun Lau,Zheng Tan,Tobi Eniolu Morakinyo,Chao Ren Pdf

This book highlights the importance of outdoor thermal comfort for improving urban living quality in the context of urban planning and urban geometry design. It introduces readers to a range of assessment methods and applications of outdoor thermal comfort and addresses urban geometry and thermal environment at the neighbourhood scale using real-world examples and parametric studies. In addition, the subjective evaluations by urban dwellers and numerical modelling tools introduced in this book provide not only a comprehensive assessment of outdoor thermal comfort but also an integrated approach to using thermal comfort indicators as a standard in high-density cities. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for urban climate researchers, urban planners, and designers, and policymakers pursuing more liveable urban environments.

Author : Vincenzo Costanzo,Gianpiero Evola,Luigi Marletta
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-08
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781000431520

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Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions by Vincenzo Costanzo,Gianpiero Evola,Luigi Marletta Pdf

This book provides the reader with an understanding of the impact that different morphologies, construction materials and green coverage solutions have on the urban microclimate, thus affecting the comfort conditions of urban inhabitants and the energy needs of buildings in urban areas. The book covers the latest approaches to energy and outdoor comfort measurement and modelling on an urban scale, and describes possible measures and strategies to mitigate the effects of the mutual interaction between urban settlements and local microclimate. Despite its relevance, only limited literature is currently devoted to appraising—from an engineering perspective—the intertwining relationships between urban geometry and fabrics, energy fluxes between buildings and their surroundings, outdoor microclimate conditions and building energy demands in urban areas. This book fills this gap by first discussing the physical processes that govern heat and mass transfer at an urban scale, while emphasizing the role played by different spatial arrangements, manmade materials and green infrastructures on the outdoor microclimate. The first chapters also address the implications of these factors on the outdoor comfort conditions experienced by pedestrians, and on the buildings’ energy demand for space heating and cooling. Then, based upon cutting-edge experimental activities and simulation work, this book demonstrates current and forthcoming adaptation and mitigation strategies to improve the urban microclimate and its impact on the built environment, such as cool materials, thermochromic and retroreflective finishing materials, and green infrastructures applied either at a building scale or at the urban scale. The effect of these solutions is demonstrated for different cities worldwide under a range of climate conditions. Finally, the book opens a wider perspective by introducing the basic elements that allow fuel poverty, raw materials consumption, and the principles of circular economy in the definition of a resilient urban settlement.

Author : T. R. Oke,G. Mills,A. Christen,J. A. Voogt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 549 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-14
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780521849500

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Urban Climates by T. R. Oke,G. Mills,A. Christen,J. A. Voogt Pdf

The first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates, suitable for students and researchers alike.

Author : M. Humphreys,F. Nicol,S. Roaf,O. Sykes
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-22
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781135273507

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Standards for Thermal Comfort by M. Humphreys,F. Nicol,S. Roaf,O. Sykes Pdf

Current Standards for Indoor Air Temperature are inappropriate in many regions of the world. This forces designers to use highly serviced buildings to achieve air temperatures that accord with the standards to the detriment of the local and global environment. Standards for Thermal Comfort brings together contributions from around the world, reflecting new approaches to the setting of standards which can apply to all climates and cultures.

Author : Edward Ng,Chao Ren
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2015-09-07
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781317510529

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The Urban Climatic Map by Edward Ng,Chao Ren Pdf

Rapid urbanization, higher density and more compact cities have brought about a new science of urban climatology. An understanding of the mapping of this phenomenon is crucial for urban planners. The book brings together experts in the field of Urban Climatic Mapping to provide the state of the art understanding on how urban climatic knowledge can be made available and utilized by urban planners. The book contains the technology, methodology, and various focuses and approaches of urban climatic map making. It illustrates this understanding with examples and case studies from around the world, and it explains how urban climatic information can be analysed, interpreted and applied in urban planning. The book attempts to bridge the gap between the science of urban climatology and the practice of urban planning. It provides a useful one-stop reference for postgraduates, academics and urban climatologists wishing to better understand the needs for urban climatic knowledge in city planning; and urban planners and policy makers interested in applying the knowledge to design future sustainable cities and quality urban spaces.

Author : Robert D. Brown
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2010-09-02
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781597269896

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Design With Microclimate by Robert D. Brown Pdf

Robert Brown helps us see that a "thermally comfortable microclimate" is the very foundation of well-designed and well-used outdoor places. Brown argues that as we try to minimize human-induced changes to the climate and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels-as some areas become warmer, some cooler, some wetter, and some drier, and all become more expensive to regulate-good microclimate design will become increasingly important. In the future, according to Brown, all designers will need to understand climatic issues and be able to respond to their challenges. Brown describes the effects that climate has on outdoor spaces-using vivid illustrations and examples-while providing practical tools that can be used in everyday design practice. The heart of the book is Brown's own design process, as he provides useful guidelines that lead designers clearly through the complexity of climate data, precedents, site assessment, microclimate modification, communication, design, and evaluation. Brown strikes an ideal balance of technical information, anecdotes, examples, and illustrations to keep the book engaging and accessible. His emphasis throughout is on creating microclimates that attend to the comfort, health, and well-being of people, animals, and plants. Design with Microclimate is a vital resource for students and practitioners in landscape architecture, architecture, planning, and urban design.

Author : Napoleon Enteria,Matteos Santamouris,Ursula Eicker
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-12-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789813340503

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Urban Heat Island (UHI) Mitigation by Napoleon Enteria,Matteos Santamouris,Ursula Eicker Pdf

This book discusses the concepts and technologies associated with the mitigation of urban heat islands (UHIs) that are applicable in hot and humid regions. It presents several city case studies on how UHIs can be reduced in various areas to provide readers, researchers, and policymakers with insights into the concepts and technologies that should be considered when planning and constructing urban centres and buildings. The rapid development of urban areas in hot and humid regions has led to an increase in urban temperatures, a decrease in ventilation in buildings, and a transformation of the once green outdoor environment into areas full of solar-energy-absorbing concrete and asphalt. This situation has increased the discomfort of people living in these areas regardless of whether they occupy concrete structures. This is because indoor and outdoor air quality have both suffered from urbanisation. The development of urban areas has also increased energy consumption so that the occupants of buildings can enjoy indoor thermal comfort and air quality that they need via air conditioning systems. This book offers solutions to the recent increase in the number of heat islands in hot and humid regions.​

Author : Evyatar Erell,David Pearlmutter,Terence Williamson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012-06-25
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781136539435

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Urban Microclimate by Evyatar Erell,David Pearlmutter,Terence Williamson Pdf

The quality of life of millions of people living in cities could be improved if the form of the city were to evolve in a manner appropriate to its climatic context. Climatically responsive urban design is vital to any notion of sustainability: it enables individual buildings to make use of renewable energy sources for passive heating and cooling, it enhances pedestrian comfort and activity in outdoor spaces, and it may even encourage city dwellers to moderate their dependence on private vehicles. Urban Microclimate bridges the gap between climatology research and applied urban design. It provides architects and urban design professionals with an understanding of how the structure of the built environment at all scales affects microclimatic conditions in the space between buildings, and analyzes the interaction between microclimate and each of the elements of the urban landscape. In the first two sections of the book, the extensive body of work on this subject by climatologists and geographers is presented in the language of architecture and planning professionals. The third section follows each step in the design process, and in part four a critical analysis of selected case study projects provides a demonstration of the complexity of applied urban design. Practitioners will find in this book a useful guide to consult, as they address these key environmental issues in their own work.

Author : Baruch Givoni
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1998-01-20
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 0471291773

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Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design by Baruch Givoni Pdf

Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design Baruch Givoni Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design is the most comprehensive, up-to-date reference available on building and urban climatology. Written in clear, common-sense language by Baruch Givoni, the leading authority in the field, this book is a far-reaching look at a variety of climatic influences and their effects on individuals, buildings, and communities. Aimed at architecture and urban planning professionals and students alike, Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design offers real-life solutions to climatological site planning and design issues, helping to settle disputes about site orientation, site organization, and the assembly of building materials. Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design is organized into three parts. The first, Building Climatology, analyzes human thermal comfort and the effect of architectural and structural design features including layout, window orientation, and shading, and ventilation conditions on the indoor climate. Then, Urban Climatology explores the ways in which the climate in densely built areas can differ from surrounding regional climactic conditions, for example, in temperature, wind speed, and humidity. This part further explores the effects of urban design elements, such as urban density and building height, on a city's outdoor climate. Finally, Building and Urban Design Guidelines applies the body of available research on building climatology and the effects of physical planning on the urban and indoor climates to suggest design guidelines for different regions--for example, hot-dry and hot-humid climates. Filled with lists, tables, and graphs for easy cross-referencing, as well as hundreds of visuals, Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design offers readers the ability to perform a quick check of a proposed scheme against authoritative criteria. Mr. Givoni's latest volume is a unique, indispensable guide to the relationship between building design, urban planning, and climate.

Author : Catharine Ward Thompson,Penny Travlou
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2007-09-07
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781134120086

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Open Space: People Space by Catharine Ward Thompson,Penny Travlou Pdf

Highly visual and containing contributions from leading names in landscape, architecture and design, this volume provides a rare insight into people’s engagement with the outdoor environment; looking at the ways in which the design of spaces and places meets people’s needs and desires in the twenty-first century. Embracing issues of social inclusion, recreation, and environmental quality, the editors explore innovative ways to develop an understanding of how the landscape, urban or rural, can contribute to health and quality of life. Open Space: People Space examines the nature and value of people’s access to outdoor environments. Led by Edinburgh’s OPENspace research centre, the debate focuses on current research to support good design for open space and brings expertise from a range of disciplines to look at: an analysis of policy and planning issues and challenges understanding the nature and experience of exclusion the development of evidence-based inclusive design innovative research approaches which focus on people’s access to open space and the implications of that experience. Invaluable to policy makers, researchers, urban designers, landscape architects, planners, managers and students, it is also essential reading for those working in child development, health care and community development.

Author : David Pearlmutter,Carlo Calfapietra,Roeland Samson,Liz O'Brien,Silvija Krajter Ostoić,Giovanni Sanesi,Rocío Alonso del Amo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319502809

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The Urban Forest by David Pearlmutter,Carlo Calfapietra,Roeland Samson,Liz O'Brien,Silvija Krajter Ostoić,Giovanni Sanesi,Rocío Alonso del Amo Pdf

This book focuses on urban "green infrastructure" – the interconnected web of vegetated spaces like street trees, parks and peri-urban forests that provide essential ecosystem services in cities. The green infrastructure approach embodies the idea that these services, such as storm-water runoff control, pollutant filtration and amenities for outdoor recreation, are just as vital for a modern city as those provided by any other type of infrastructure. Ensuring that these ecosystem services are indeed delivered in an equitable and sustainable way requires knowledge of the physical attributes of trees and urban green spaces, tools for coping with the complex social and cultural dynamics, and an understanding of how these factors can be integrated in better governance practices. By conveying the findings and recommendations of COST Action FP1204 GreenInUrbs, this volume summarizes the collaborative efforts of researchers and practitioners from across Europe to address these challenges.

Author : Alireza Monam,Klaus Rückert
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 19 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3798325405

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The Dependence of Outdoor Thermal Comfort on Urban Layouts by Alireza Monam,Klaus Rückert Pdf

Author : Abusaada, Hisham,Vellguth, Carsten,Elshater, Abeer
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-28
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781522592402

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Handbook of Research on Digital Research Methods and Architectural Tools in Urban Planning and Design by Abusaada, Hisham,Vellguth, Carsten,Elshater, Abeer Pdf

The efficient usage, investigation, and promotion of new methods, tools, and technologies within the field of architecture, particularly in urban planning and design, is becoming more critical as innovation holds the key to cities becoming smarter and ultimately more sustainable. In response to this need, strategies that can potentially yield more realistic results are continually being sought. The Handbook of Research on Digital Research Methods and Architectural Tools in Urban Planning and Design is a critical reference source that comprehensively covers the concepts and processes of more than 20 new methods in both planning and design in the field of architecture and aims to explain the ways for researchers to apply these methods in their works. Pairing innovative approaches alongside traditional research methods, the physical dimensions of traditional and new cities are addressed in addition to the non-physical aspects and applied models that are currently under development in new settlements such as sustainable cities, smart cities, creative cities, and intercultural cities. Featuring a wide range of topics such as built environment, urban morphology, and city information modeling, this book is essential for researchers, academicians, professionals, technology developers, architects, engineers, and policymakers.

Author : Harriet Bulkeley
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-07
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781135130121

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Cities and Climate Change by Harriet Bulkeley Pdf

Climate change is one of the most significant global challenges facing the world today. It is also a critical issue for the world’s cities. Now home to over half the world’s population, urban areas are significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions and are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Responding to climate change is a profound challenge. A variety of actors are involved in urban climate governance, with municipal governments, international organisations, and funding bodies pointing to cities as key arenas for response. This book provides the first critical introduction to these challenges, giving an overview of the science and policy of climate change at the global level and the emergence of climate change as an urban policy issue. It considers the challenges of governing climate change in the city in the context of the changing nature of urban politics, economics, society and infrastructures. It looks at how responses for mitigation and adaptation have emerged within the city, and the implications of climate change for social and environmental justice. Drawing on examples from cities in the north and south, and richly illustrated with detailed case-studies, this book will enable students to understand the potential and limits of addressing climate change at the urban level and to explore the consequences for our future cities. It will be essential reading for undergraduate students across the disciplines of geography, politics, sociology, urban studies, planning and science and technology studies.

Author : Task Committee on Outdoor Human Comfort
Publisher : ASCE Publications
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0784475377

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Outdoor Human Comfort and Its Assessment by Task Committee on Outdoor Human Comfort Pdf

Prepared by the Task Committee on Outdoor Human Comfort of the Aerodynamics Committee of the Aerospace Division of ASCE This report describes state-of-the-art methods for assessing and improving outdoor human comfort. Factors affecting outdoor comfort are wind, air temperature, humidity, sun, and precipitation. Wind, in particular, is greatly affected by large buildings, and many modern developments are wind-tunnel tested to examine how wind flows around new buildings will affect pedestrians. This report discusses testing methods and criteria for assessing comfort and safety. Criteria are expressed in terms of both threshold wind speeds for discomfort and also the percentage of time that conditions should be below those thresholds. Historically, wind and its mechanical effects?such as picking up dust, impairing balance, or blowing people over?were the factors receiving the most attention. More recently, however, methods have been developed to address other factors, such as solar radiation, air temperature, and humidity. Topics include: elements of the microclimate; methods of determining wind conditions; wind criteria and control measures; and assessing thermal comfort.