Paradoxes In Scientific Inference

Author : Mark Chang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781466509863

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Paradoxes in Scientific Inference by Mark Chang Pdf

Paradoxes are poems of science and philosophy that collectively allow us to address broad multidisciplinary issues within a microcosm. A true paradox is a source of creativity and a concise expression that delivers a profound idea and provokes a wild and endless imagination. The study of paradoxes leads to ultimate clarity and, at the same time, indisputably challenges your mind. Paradoxes in Scientific Inference analyzes paradoxes from many different perspectives: statistics, mathematics, philosophy, science, artificial intelligence, and more. The book elaborates on findings and reaches new and exciting conclusions. It challenges your knowledge, intuition, and conventional wisdom, compelling you to adjust your way of thinking. Ultimately, you will learn effective scientific inference through studying the paradoxes.

Author : Mano Singham
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780190055059

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The Great Paradox of Science by Mano Singham Pdf

Science has revolutionized our lives and continues to show inexorable progress today. It may seem obvious that this must be because its theories are steadily getting better and approaching the truth about the world. After all, what could science be progressing toward, if not the truth? But scholarship in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science offers little support for such a sanguine view. Those opposed to specific conclusions of the scientific community-nonbelievers in vaccinations, climate change, and evolution, for example-have been able to use a superficial understanding of the nature of science to sow doubt about the scientific consensus in those areas, leaving the general public confused as to whom to trust, with damaging effects for the health of individuals and the planet. The Great Paradox of Science argues that to better counter such anti-science efforts requires us to understand the nature of scientific knowledge at a much deeper level and dispel many myths and misconceptions. It is the use of scientific logic, the characteristics of which are elaborated on in the book, that enables the scientific community to arrive at reliable consensus judgments in which the public can retain a high degree of confidence. This scientific logic is applicable not just in science but can be used in all areas of life. Scientists, policymakers, and members of the general public will not only better understand why science works: They will also acquire the tools they need to make sound, rational decisions in all areas of their lives.

Author : Mary Hesse
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2022-05-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780520359871

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The Structure of Scientific Inference by Mary Hesse Pdf

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1974.

Author : Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay,Gordon Brittan Jr.,Mark L. Taper
Publisher : Springer
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016-03-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319277721

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Belief, Evidence, and Uncertainty by Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay,Gordon Brittan Jr.,Mark L. Taper Pdf

This work breaks new ground by carefully distinguishing the concepts of belief, confirmation, and evidence and then integrating them into a better understanding of personal and scientific epistemologies. It outlines a probabilistic framework in which subjective features of personal knowledge and objective features of public knowledge have their true place. It also discusses the bearings of some statistical theorems on both formal and traditional epistemologies while showing how some of the existing paradoxes in both can be resolved with the help of this framework.This book has two central aims: First, to make precise a distinction between the concepts of confirmation and evidence and to argue that failure to recognize this distinction is the source of certain otherwise intractable epistemological problems. The second goal is to demonstrate to philosophers the fundamental importance of statistical and probabilistic methods, at stake in the uncertain conditions in which for the most part we lead our lives, not simply to inferential practice in science, where they are now standard, but to epistemic inference in other contexts as well. Although the argument is rigorous, it is also accessible. No technical knowledge beyond the rudiments of probability theory, arithmetic, and algebra is presupposed, otherwise unfamiliar terms are always defined and a number of concrete examples are given. At the same time, fresh analyses are offered with a discussion of statistical and epistemic reasoning by philosophers. This book will also be of interest to scientists and statisticians looking for a larger view of their own inferential techniques.The book concludes with a technical appendix which introduces an evidential approach to multi-model inference as an alternative to Bayesian model averaging.

Author : Mary Hesse
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2023-11-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780520313316

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The Structure of Scientific Inference by Mary Hesse Pdf

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1974.

Author : Joseph Wayne Smith
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Science
ISBN : 0709944306

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Reason, Science, and Paradox by Joseph Wayne Smith Pdf

Author : Harold Jeffreys
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1973-12-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521084468

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Scientific Inference by Harold Jeffreys Pdf

Logic and scientific inference; Probability; Sampling; Errors; Physical magnitudes; Mensuration; Newtonian dynamics; Light and relativity; Miscellaneous questions; Statistical mechanics and quantum theory.

Author : Zeno
Publisher : Macmillan Publishing Company
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1970-01-01
Category : Paradoxes
ISBN : 0672603659

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Zeno's Paradoxes by Zeno Pdf

Author : Nicholas Shackel
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2024-02-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781003813354

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Bertrand’s Paradox and the Principle of Indifference by Nicholas Shackel Pdf

Events between which we have no epistemic reason to discriminate have equal epistemic probabilities. Bertrand’s chord paradox, however, appears to show this to be false, and thereby poses a general threat to probabilities for continuum sized state spaces. Articulating the nature of such spaces involves some deep mathematics and that is perhaps why the recent literature on Bertrand’s Paradox has been almost entirely from mathematicians and physicists, who have often deployed elegant mathematics of considerable sophistication. At the same time, the philosophy of probability has been left out. In particular, left out entirely are the philosophical ground of the principle of indifference, the nature of the principle itself, the stringent constraint this places on the mathematical representation of the principle needed for its application to continuum sized event spaces, and what these entail for rigour in developing the paradox itself. This book puts the philosophy and its entailments back in and in so doing casts a new light on the paradox, giving original analyses of the paradox, its possible solutions, the source of the paradox, the philosophical errors we make in attempting to solve it and what the paradox proves for the philosophy of probability. The book finishes with the author’s proposed solution—a solution in the spirit of Bertrand’s, indeed—in which an epistemic principle more general than the principle of indifference offers a principled restriction of the domain of the principle of indifference. Bertrand's Paradox and the Principle of Indifference will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in the philosophy of mathematics, epistemology, philosophy of science, probability theory and mathematical physics.

Author : Ellery Eells,J.H. Fetzer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2010-06-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048136155

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The Place of Probability in Science by Ellery Eells,J.H. Fetzer Pdf

Science aims at the discovery of general principles of special kinds that are applicable for the explanation and prediction of the phenomena of the world in the form of theories and laws. When the phenomena themselves happen to be general, the principlesinvolved assume the form of theories; and when they are p- ticular, they assume the form of general laws. Theories themselves are sets of laws and de nitions that apply to a common domain, which makes laws indispensable to science. Understanding science thus depends upon understanding the nature of theories and laws, the logical structure of explanations and predictions based upon them, and the principles of inference and decision that apply to theories and laws. Laws and theories can differ in their form as well as in their content. The laws of quantum mechanics are indeterministic (or probabilistic), for example, while those of classical mechanics are deterministic (or universal) instead. The history of science re ects an increasing role for probabilities as properties of the world but also as measures of evidential support and as degrees of subjective belief. Our purpose is to clarify and illuminate the place of probability in science.

Author : Richmond Campbell,Lanning Sowden
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9780774802154

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Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation by Richmond Campbell,Lanning Sowden Pdf

This anthology, the first to bring together the most importantphilosophical essays on the paradoxes, analyses the concepts underlyingthe Prisoner's Dilemma and Newcomb's Problem and evaluates theproposed solutions. The relevant theories have been developed over thepast four decades in a variety of disciplines: mathematics, economics,psychology, political science, biology, and philosophy. And theproblems these paradoxes uncover can arise in many different forms: indebates over nuclear disarmament, labour-management disputes, maritalconflicts, Calvinist theology, and even in the evolution of diseasethrough the "cooperation" of microorganisms. Thepossibilities for application are virtually limitless.

Author : Jennifer Trusted
Publisher : Palgrave
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Induction (Logic).
ISBN : 0333266706

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The Logic of Scientific Inference by Jennifer Trusted Pdf

Author : Eric Christian Barnes
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2012-07-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 1107405165

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The Paradox of Predictivism by Eric Christian Barnes Pdf

An enduring question in the philosophy of science is the question of whether a scientific theory deserves more credit for its successful predictions than it does for accommodating data that was already known when the theory was developed. In The Paradox of Predictivism, Eric Barnes argues that the successful prediction of evidence testifies to the general credibility of the predictor in a way that evidence does not when the evidence is used in the process of endorsing the theory. He illustrates his argument with an important episode from nineteenth-century chemistry, Mendeleev's Periodic Law and its successful predictions of the existence of various elements. The consequences of this account of predictivism for the realist/anti-realist debate are considerable, and strengthen the status of the 'no miracle' argument for scientific realism. Barnes's important and original contribution to the debate will interest a wide range of readers in philosophy of science.

Author : Kevin McCain
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000417029

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Epistemology: 50 Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Thought Experiments by Kevin McCain Pdf

In this new kind of entrée to contemporary epistemology, Kevin McCain presents fifty of the field’s most important puzzles, paradoxes, and thought experiments. Assuming no familiarity with epistemology from the reader, McCain titles each case with a memorable name, describes the details of the case, explains the issue(s) to which the case is relevant, and assesses its significance. McCain also briefly reviews the key responses to the case that have been put forward, and provides a helpful list of suggested readings on the topic. Each entry is accessible, succinct, and self-contained. Epistemology: 50 Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Thought Experiments is a fantastic learning tool as well as a handy resource for anyone interested in epistemological issues. Key Features: Though concise overall, offers broad coverage of the key areas of epistemology. Describes each imaginative case directly and in a memorable way, making the cases accessible and easy to remember. Provides a list of Suggested Readings for each case, divided into General Overviews, Seminal Presentations, and Other Important Discussions.

Author : James H. Fetzer
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780195121377

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Science, Explanation, and Rationality by James H. Fetzer Pdf

In this volume, 13 philosophers illuminate and clarify the central problems to which Carl G. Hempel was devoted. The result offers readers an explanation of major developments in the philosophy of science, particularly the development of logical empiricism as a major intellectual influence.