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Therapeutics of Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders by Mark Hallett,Werner Poewe Pdf
Provides a comprehensive update on therapies for Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders Describes the basic mechanisms of neurodegeneration, pharmacologic interventions for motor and non-motor symptoms, and surgical management Features summary tables and algorithms that serve as a quick reference guide for practical treatment decisions The expert guidance of recognised authorities will enable readers of this book to plan their patients’ care with greater confidence
Néstor Gálvez-Jiménez,Hubert H. Fernandez,Alberto J. Espay,Susan H. Fox
Author : Néstor Gálvez-Jiménez,Hubert H. Fernandez,Alberto J. Espay,Susan H. Fox Publisher : Cambridge University Press Page : 385 pages File Size : 48,9 Mb Release : 2016-03-24 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781107053861
Parkinson's Disease: Current and Future Therapeutics and Clinical Trials by Néstor Gálvez-Jiménez,Hubert H. Fernandez,Alberto J. Espay,Susan H. Fox Pdf
This book emphasizes treatment options for Parkinson's disease, providing the necessary clinical and scientific basis for the foundations of solid therapeutics.
Clinical Studies and Therapies in Parkinson's Disease by Juan Segura-Aguilar Pdf
More than 50 years have passed since the use of L-dopa in the palliative treatment of Parkinson’s disease, but it remains the most common treatment despite inducing severe side effects such as dyskinesia after 4–6 years of use. Numerous preclinical investigations based on endogenous neurotoxin models have promised various therapies for Parkinson’s disease, but these efforts have failed when attempting to transfer these successful results to preclinical studies. Although several publications have warned of these failures, the scientific community remains mostly unaware, and there is a need to focus their efforts on potential therapeutics that can slow or halt development of the disease. Clinical Studies and Therapies in Parkinson’s Disease: Translations from Preclinical Models analyzes preclinical models based on exogenous neurotoxins and why they have failed. Neuroscientists, neurologists, and neuropharmacologists will benefit greatly from the book’s discussion of these newer models, their benefits, and the need for their implementation. This book also provides the basic concepts of dopamine metabolism for students taking courses in neurochemistry, neuroscience, neuropharmacology, biochemistry, and medicine. Reviews Parkinson's disease classification, pharmacological therapies, and nonmotor and motor symptoms Analyzes preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease therapies based on exogenous neurotoxins and why they have failed Reviews genetic preclinical models based on genetic mutations and endogenous neurotoxins Proposes a more physiological model directly related to the metabolism of dopaminergic neurons Provides the basic concepts and mechanisms of dopamine metabolism
Parkinson’s Disease Therapeutics by Magisetty Obulesu Pdf
Parkinson’s Disease Therapeutics: Emphasis on Nanotechnological Advances presents the latest information on the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Despite remarkable progress in various PD therapeutics, such as microRNAs and brain drug delivery systems, a few limitations impede their success. This book sheds light on the pros and cons of recently developed novel therapeutics. Very few books have highlighted the protective efficacy of natural products, antioxidants, and biomaterial design for other diseases. Emphasizes novel therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease, including nanotechnology, natural products and antioxidants Discusses the pros and cons of recently developed therapy options for Parkinson's Focuses on the efficacy of nanotechnology in overcoming the blood-brain barrier and biomaterial design
Levodopa pharmacokinetics -from stomach to brain by Maria Nord Pdf
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and it is caused by a loss of dopamine (DA) producing neurons in the basal ganglia in the brain. The PD patient suffers from motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity and treatment with levodopa (LD), the precursor of DA, has positive effects on these symptoms. Several factors affect the availability of orally given LD. Gastric emptying (GE) is one factor and it has been shown to be delayed in PD patients resulting in impaired levodopa uptake. Different enzymes metabolize LD on its way from the gut to the brain resulting in less LD available in the brain and more side effects from the metabolites. By adding dopa decarboxylase inhibitors (carbidopa or benserazide) or COMT-inhibitors (e.g. entacapone) the bioavailability of LD increases significantly and more LD can pass the blood-brain-barrier and be converted to DA in the brain. It has been considered of importance to avoid high levodopa peaks in the brain because this seems to induce changes in postsynaptic dopaminergic neurons causing disabling motor complications in PD patients. More continuously given LD, e.g. duodenal or intravenous (IV) infusions, has been shown to improve these motor complications. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) has also been proven to improve motor complications and to make it possible to reduce the LD dosage in PD patients. In this doctoral thesis the main purpose is to study the pharmacokinetics of LD in patients with PD and motor complications; in blood and subcutaneous tissue and study the effect of GE and PD stage on LD uptake and the effect of continuously given LD (CDS) on LD uptake and GE; in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when adding the peripheral enzyme inhibitors entacapone and carbidopa to LD infusion IV; in brain during STN DBSand during oral or IV LD treatment. To conclude, LD uptake is more favorable in PD patients with less severe disease and GE is delayed in PD patients. No obvious relation between LD uptake and GE or between GE and PD stage is seen and CDS decreases the LD levels. Entacapone increases the maximal concentration of LD in blood and CSF. This is more evident with additional carbidopa and important to consider in avoiding high LD peaks in brain during PD treatment. LD in brain increases during both oral and IV LD treatment and the DA levels follows LD well indicating that PD patients still have capacity to metabolize LD to DA despite probable pronounced nigral degeneration. STN DBS seems to increase putaminal DA levels and together with IV LD treatment also increases LD in brain possibly explaining why it is possible to decrease LD medication after STN DBS surgery. Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) är en av de vanligaste s.k. neurodegenerativasjukdomarna och orsakas av förlust av dopamin(DA)producerande nervceller i hjärnan. Detta orsakar motoriska symptom såsom skakningar, stelhet och förlångsammade rörelser. Levodopa (LD) är ett ämne, som kan omvandlas till DA i hjärnan och ge symptomlindring och det är oftast förstahandsval vid behandling av patienter med PS. Flera faktorer påverkar tillgängligheten av LD, bl.a. den hastighet som magsäcken tömmer sig med och denna verkar förlångsammad hos personer med PS vilket ger sämre tillgänglighet av LD i blodet och därmed i hjärnan. LD bryts även ner i hög grad av olika enzym ute i kroppen vilket leder till mindre mängd LD som hamnar i hjärnan och till fler nedbrytningsprodukter som orsakar biverkningar. Tillägg av enzymhämmare leder till ökad mängd LD som kan nå hjärnan och omvandlas till DA. Det anses viktigt att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan då dessa verkar bidra till utvecklandet av besvärliga motoriska komplikationer hos patienter med PS. Om LD ges mer kontinuerligt, exempelvis som en kontinuerlig infusion in i tarmen eller i blodet, så minskar dessa motoriska komplikationer. Inopererande av stimulatorer i vissa delar av hjärnan (DBS) har också visat sig minska dessa motoriska komplikationer och även resultera i att man kan minska LD-dosen. Huvudsyftet med den här avhandlingen är att studera LD hos patienter med PS; i blod och fettvävnad då LD ges i tablettform och se om det finns något samband med LD-upptag och hastigheten på magsäckstömningen (MT) och om kontinuerligt given LD påverkar LD-upptaget eller MT; i blod och i ryggmärgsvätska då enzymhämmarna entakapon och karbidopa tillsätts LD; i hjärna vid behandling med DBS och då LD ges både som tablett och som infusion i blodet. Sammanfattningsvis kan vi se att LD-upptaget är mer gynnsamt hos patienter med PS i tidigare skede av sjukdomens komplikationsfas. MT är förlångsammad hos patienter med PS och det är inget tydligt samband mellan LD-upptag och MT eller mellan MT och sjukdomsgrad. Kontinuerligt given LD minskar LDnivåerna. Enzymhämmaren entakapon ökar den maximala koncentrationen av LD i blod och ryggmärgsvätska och effekten är mer tydlig vid tillägg av karbidopa vilket är viktigt att ta i beaktande vid behandling av PS för att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan. LD ökar i hjärnan då man behandlar med LD i tablettform och som infusion i blodet och DA-nivåerna i hjärnan följer LD väl vilket visar på att patienter med PS fortfarande kan omvandla LD till DA trots trolig uttalad brist av de DA-producerande nervcellerna i hjärnan. DBS verkar öka DA i vissa områden i hjärnan och tillsammans med LD-infusion i blodet verkar det även öka LD i hjärnan och det kan förklara varför man kan sänka LDdosen efter DBS-operation.
Parkinson's Disease by Sarat Chandra Yenisetti Pdf
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder results due to loss of dopamine producing brain cells. Knowledge relating to PD condition has been known since 5000BC, however no effective therapeutic strategies are available till today. Therefore it is important for neurobiologists to work further by taking advantage of modern scientific methods and develop appropriate therapeutic strategies. Efforts in this direction are worthy as they will reduce the burden of PD among elderly, who are already burdened with age related systemic degenerative processes. This book is a humble effort in that progressive direction. It has chapters covering multiple aspects relating to etiology, pathophysiology of PD, available and futuristic therapeutics strategies. Therefore it will be of interest to common man, biomedical researchers and clinicians. This is one small step in a direction "to reduce the burden of neurological disease."
Parkinson’s Disease - Animal Models, Current Therapies and Clinical Trials by Sarat Chandra Yenisetti,Zevelou Koza,Devendra Kumar,Sushil Kumar Singh,Ankit Ganeshpurkar Pdf
Despite being described about 200 years ago, the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not well understood due to its complex etiology and heterogeneity of symptoms and progression. Animal models provide a great opportunity to follow the progression of neurodegeneration and to screen potent therapeutic molecules, knowledge of which can be critical for different levels of clinical trials. Contemporary health technologies are coming in handy to accelerate the pace of developing novel and refined therapeutic strategies for PD. This book, Parkinson’s Disease - Animal Models, Current Therapies and Clinical Trials, provides a comprehensive overview of PD, presenting information on animal models of PD and contemporary therapeutic strategies, health technologies, clinical trials, and their influence on the quality of life of patients with PD.
Restorative Therapies in Parkinson's Disease by Patrik Brundin,C. Warren Olanow Pdf
In this exciting and timely book new approaches to repairing the parkinsonian brain are described by leading experts. Never in history has there been greater hope that novel experimental therapies can support significant restoration of brain function. This book gives an overview of the current state-of-the-art research for brain repair, what the challenges are and an indication of what research can provide for the next generation of people with Parkinson’s disease. The comprehensive chapters are geared to an audience of neuroscientists, neurologists, neurosurgeons and anyone interested in how findings in the research laboratory can effectively be transferred to the clinic.
Clinical Trials In Parkinson's Disease by Santiago Perez-Lloret Pdf
This volume looks at major clinical trials for motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and covers important aspects, including trial design, sample selection, and outcome selection. Chapters in this book discuss topics such as toxin-based rodent or genetic models of PD; clinical trials for motor symptoms, L-DOPA related motor complications, and gait disorders; clinical trials for mood disorders, troubled sleep, autonomic dysfunction; and clinical trials for disease modifying therapies. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory or research center. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Clinical Trials in Parkinson’s Disease is a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers who want to enhance their interpretation of results from clinical trials and to design their own high-quality trials.
Therapy of Parkinson's Disease by William C. Koller,George W. Paulson Pdf
This work offers a comprehensive and fully updated overview of supportive patient management strategies, highlighting therapeutic approaches other that dopaminergic agents and conventional antiparkinsonian drugs. This second edition: reviews the neuroprotective effects of selegiline on Parkinson's disease; investigates ways of enhancing the effectiveness of levodopa-based therapy; presents methods of speech therapy with well-documented short- and long-term efficacy; and more.
K. Ray Chaudhuri,Eduardo Tolosa,Anthony H. V. Schapira,Werner Poewe
Author : K. Ray Chaudhuri,Eduardo Tolosa,Anthony H. V. Schapira,Werner Poewe Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA Page : 517 pages File Size : 55,6 Mb Release : 2014 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780199684243
Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease by K. Ray Chaudhuri,Eduardo Tolosa,Anthony H. V. Schapira,Werner Poewe Pdf
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are known to suffer from motor symptoms of the disease, but they also experience non-motor symptoms (NMS) that are often present before diagnosis or that inevitably emerge with disease progression. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease have been extensively researched, and effective clinical tools for their assessment and treatment have been developed and are readily available. In contrast, researchers have only recently begun to focus on the NMS of Parkinson's Disease, which are poorly recognized and inadequately treated by clinicians. The NMS of PD have a significant impact on patient quality of life and mortality and include neuropsychiatric, sleep-related, autonomic, gastrointestinal, and sensory symptoms. While some NMS can be improved with currently available treatments, others may be more refractory and will require research into novel (non-dopaminergic) drug therapies for the future. Edited by members of the UK Parkinson's Disease Non-Motor Group (PD-NMG) and with contributions from international experts, this new edition summarizes the current understanding of NMS symptoms in Parkinson's disease and points the way towards future research.
Therapy of Parkinson's Disease, Third Edition by Rajesh Pahwa,Kelly E. Lyons,William Koller Pdf
A comprehensive review of current tactics in the therapeutic management of Parkinson's disease, this volume offers summaries of salient research findings as well as contemporary attitudes and practical advice from field specialists. The well-timed Third Edition is expanded and topically reorganized to register trends and progress in anti-parkinsonian medications, ablative surgical options, deep brain stimulation, nonmotor symptom treatments, nonmedical strategies, and investigational therapies.
Principles of Treatment in Parkinson's Disease by Anthony Henry Vernon Schapira,Charles Warren Olanow Pdf
This succinct volume offers an up-to-date review and comparison of the treatment options available for Parkinson's disease, and provides evidence-based recommendations on appropriate treatments for specific cases. Offers expert guidance on the best treatment options from authorities in the field. Delivers expert guidance on drug therapies, physical therapies, and surgical interventions. Discusses conditions such as depression ? hallucinations ? cognition ? and sleep disorders. Explores neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. Provides insights into future therapies.
Early Diagnosis and Preventive Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease by Horst Przuntek,Peter Riederer Pdf
At the time when "Parkinson's Disease" is diagnosed in a patient, roughly two thirds of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra are already degenerated. The onset of the disease must, therefore, be much earlier. This book deals with early diagnosis and early preventive treatment which may sustain the process underlying the disease. By use of psychometric, kinesiologic, physiologic, histologic, biochemical, endocrinologic, pharmacologic and imaging techniques, including positron-emission tomography and brain mapping, specialists tried to focus on new diagnostic criteria. New methods including psychometric evaluation, apparative measurement of movement, analysis of peripheral blood and urinary constituents have supplemented this approach. It has been agreed that early preventive therapy consists of low dosis of L-DOPA plus benserazide, L-deprenyl and dopaminergic agonists.
Etiology of Parkinson's Disease by Jonas H. Ellenberg,William C. Koller,James William Langston Pdf
This comprehensive reference provides a detailed overview of current concepts regarding the cause of Parkinson's disease-emphasizing the issues involved in the design, implementation, and analysis of epidemiological studies of parkinsonism.