Positive Illusions

Author : Alan Carr
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 1583919910

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Positive Psychology by Alan Carr Pdf

Remediating deficits and managing disabilities has been a central preoccupation for clinical psychologists for much of the past 50 years. Positive psychology, in contrast, is concerned with the enhancement of happiness and well-being, involving the scientific study of the role of personal strengths and positive social systems in the promotion of optimal well-being. The central themes of positive psychology, including happiness, hope, creativity, and wisdom, are all investigated in this book in the context of their possible applications in clinical practice. (Midwest).

Author : Shelley E. Taylor
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Adaptability (Psychology)
ISBN : UOM:39015015188371

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Positive Illusions by Shelley E. Taylor Pdf

Author : Shelly Chaiken,Yaacov Trope
Publisher : Guilford Press
Page : 676 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1999-02-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1572304219

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Dual-process Theories in Social Psychology by Shelly Chaiken,Yaacov Trope Pdf

This informative volume presents the first comprehensive review of research and theory on dual-process models of social information processing. These models distinguish between qualitatively different modes of information processing in making decisions and solving problems (e.g., associative versus rule-based, controlled versus uncontrolled, and affective versus cognitive modes). Leading contributors review the basic assumptions of these approaches and review the ways they have been applied and tested in such areas as attitudes, stereotyping, person perception, memory, and judgment. Also examined are the relationships between different sets of processing modes, the factors that determine their utilization, and how they work in combination to affect responses to social information.

Author : Dominic D. P. Johnson
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780674039162

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Overconfidence and War by Dominic D. P. Johnson Pdf

Opponents rarely go to war without thinking they can win--and clearly, one side must be wrong. This conundrum lies at the heart of the so-called "war puzzle": rational states should agree on their differences in power and thus not fight. But as Dominic Johnson argues in Overconfidence and War, states are no more rational than people, who are susceptible to exaggerated ideas of their own virtue, of their ability to control events, and of the future. By looking at this bias--called "positive illusions"--as it figures in evolutionary biology, psychology, and the politics of international conflict, this book offers compelling insights into why states wage war. Johnson traces the effects of positive illusions on four turning points in twentieth-century history: two that erupted into war (World War I and Vietnam); and two that did not (the Munich crisis and the Cuban missile crisis). Examining the two wars, he shows how positive illusions have filtered into politics, causing leaders to overestimate themselves and underestimate their adversaries--and to resort to violence to settle a conflict against unreasonable odds. In the Munich and Cuban missile crises, he shows how lessening positive illusions may allow leaders to pursue peaceful solutions. The human tendency toward overconfidence may have been favored by natural selection throughout our evolutionary history because of the advantages it conferred--heightening combat performance or improving one's ability to bluff an opponent. And yet, as this book suggests--and as the recent conflict in Iraq bears out--in the modern world the consequences of this evolutionary legacy are potentially deadly.

Author : Margaret Susan Carlson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UOM:39015029723312

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Positive Illusions Or Adaptation? by Margaret Susan Carlson Pdf

Author : Rüdiger F Pohl
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2022-03-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000548112

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Cognitive Illusions by Rüdiger F Pohl Pdf

Cognitive Illusions explores a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. In this volume, Rüdiger F. Pohl brings together leading international researchers to define what cognitive illusions are and discuss their theoretical status: are such illusions proof of a faulty human information-processing system, or do they only represent by-products of otherwise adaptive cognitive mechanisms? The book describes and discusses 26 different cognitive illusions, with each chapter giving a profound overview of the respective empirical research including potential explanations, individual differences, and relevant applied perspectives. This edition has been thoroughly updated throughout, featuring new chapters on negativity bias, metacognition, and how we respond to fake news, along with detailed descriptions of experiments that can be used as classroom demonstration in every chapter. Demonstrating just how diverse cognitive illusions can be, it is a must read for all students and researchers of cognitive illusions, specifically, those focusing on thinking, reasoning, decision-making, and memory.

Author : Chris Hedges
Publisher : Knopf Canada
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2009-07-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780307398581

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Empire of Illusion by Chris Hedges Pdf

Pulitzer prize–winner Chris Hedges charts the dramatic and disturbing rise of a post-literate society that craves fantasy, ecstasy and illusion. Chris Hedges argues that we now live in two societies: One, the minority, functions in a print-based, literate world, that can cope with complexity and can separate illusion from truth. The other, a growing majority, is retreating from a reality-based world into one of false certainty and magic. In this “other society,” serious film and theatre, as well as newspapers and books, are being pushed to the margins. In the tradition of Christopher Lasch’s The Culture of Narcissism and Neil Postman’s Amusing Ourselves to Death, Hedges navigates this culture — attending WWF contests as well as Ivy League graduation ceremonies — exposing an age of terrifying decline and heightened self-delusion.

Author : Matt Jarvis,Paul Okami
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 959 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-12-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780198813156

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Principles of Psychology by Matt Jarvis,Paul Okami Pdf

Principles of Psychology offers students a complete introduction to psychology. It balances contemporary approaches with classic perspectives, weaves stimulating conceptual issues throughout the text, and encourages students to think critically, creatively, and practically about the subject and how it applies to the real-world.

Author : Jeffry A. Simpson,Douglas Kenrick
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134996735

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Evolutionary Social Psychology by Jeffry A. Simpson,Douglas Kenrick Pdf

What a pity it would have been if biologists had refused to accept Darwin's theory of natural selection, which has been essential in helping biologists understand a wide range of phenomena in many animal species. These days, to study any animal species while refusing to consider the evolved adaptive significance of their behavior would be considered pure folly--unless, of course, the species is homo sapiens. Graduate students training to study this particular primate species may never take a single course in evolutionary theory, although they may take two undergraduate and up to four graduate courses in statistics. These methodologically sophisticated students then embark on a career studying human aggression, cooperation, mating behavior, family relationships, or altruism with little or no understanding of the general evolutionary forces and principles that shaped the behaviors they are investigating. This book hopes to redress that wrong. It is one of the first to apply evolutionary theories to mainstream problems in personality and social psychology that are relevant to a wide range of important social phenomena, many of which have been shaped and molded by natural selection during the course of human evolution. These phenomena include selective biases that people have concerning how and why a variety of activities occur. For example: * information exchanged during social encounters is initially perceived and interpreted; * people are romantically attracted to some potential mates but not others; * people often guard, protect, and work hard at maintaining their closest relationships; * people form shifting and highly complicated coalitions with kin and close friends; and * people terminate close, long-standing relationships. Evolutionary Social Psychology begins to disentangle the complex, interwoven patterns of interaction that define our social lives and relationships.

Author : Rüdiger Pohl
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781841693514

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Cognitive Illusions by Rüdiger Pohl Pdf

Cognitive Illusions investigates a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. At the beginning of each chapter, leading researchers in the field introduce the background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias. This is followed by an explanation of the experimental context in which these illusions can be investigated and a theoretical discussion drawing conclusions about the wider implications of these fallacy and bias effects. Written with researchers and instructors in mind, this tightly edited, reader-friendly text provides both an overview of research in the area and many lively pedagogic features such as chapter summaries, further reading lists and suggestions for classroom demonstrations.

Author : Neera K. Badhwar
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2014-06-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199717330

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Well-Being by Neera K. Badhwar Pdf

This book offers a new argument for the ancient claim that well-being as the highest prudential good -- eudaimonia --consists of happiness in a virtuous life. The argument takes into account recent work on happiness, well-being, and virtue, and defends a neo-Aristotelian conception of virtue as an integrated intellectual-emotional disposition that is limited in both scope and stability. This conception of virtue is argued to be widely held and compatible with social and cognitive psychology. The main argument of the book is as follows: (i) the concept of well-being as the highest prudential good is internally coherent and widely held; (ii) well-being thus conceived requires an objectively worthwhile life; (iii) in turn, such a life requires autonomy and reality-orientation, i.e., a disposition to think for oneself, seek truth or understanding about important aspects of one's own life and human life in general, and act on this understanding when circumstances permit; (iv) to the extent that someone is successful in achieving understanding and acting on it, she is realistic, and to the extent that she is realistic, she is virtuous; (v) hence, well-being as the highest prudential good requires virtue. But complete virtue is impossible for both psychological and epistemic reasons, and this is one reason why complete well-being is impossible.

Author : Ran Hassin,Kevin Ochsner,Yaacov Trope
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 575 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2010-04-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199741625

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Self Control in Society, Mind, and Brain by Ran Hassin,Kevin Ochsner,Yaacov Trope Pdf

This book presents social, cognitive and neuroscientific approaches to the study of self-control, connecting recent work in cognitive and social psychology with recent advances in cognitive and social neuroscience. In bringing together multiple perspectives on self-control dilemmas from internationally renowned researchers in various allied disciplines, this is the first single-reference volume to illustrate the richness, depth, and breadth of the research in the new field of self control.

Author : Max H. Bazerman,Don A. Moore
Publisher : Wiley Global Education
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781118475959

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Judgment in Managerial Decision Making by Max H. Bazerman,Don A. Moore Pdf

Behavioral decision research provides many important insights into managerial behavior. From negotiation to investment decisions, the authors weave behavioral decision research into the organizational realm by examining judgment in a variety of managerial contexts. Embedded with the latest research and theories, Managerial Decision Making 8th Edition gives students the opportunity to understand their own decision-making tendencies, learn strategies for overcoming cognitive biases, and become better decision makers.

Author : Jonathon Brown
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781136872006

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The Self by Jonathon Brown Pdf

This volume is currently the only textbook devoted to the study of the self. Republished in its original form by Psychology Press in 2007, it carefully documents the changing conceptions and the value accorded the self in psychology over time.

Author : Allan Tasman,Jerald Kay,Jeffrey A. Lieberman,Michael B. First,Mario Maj
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 5440 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119965404

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Psychiatry by Allan Tasman,Jerald Kay,Jeffrey A. Lieberman,Michael B. First,Mario Maj Pdf

Extensively revised and updated this edition reflects the progress and developments in the field. With 127 chapters and over 400 contributors this book is a truly comprehensive exposition of the specialty of psychiatry. Written by well-known and highly regarded experts from around the world, it takes a patient-centered approach making it an indispensable resource for all those involved in the care of patients with psychiatric disorders. For this new edition, the section on the Neuroscientific Foundations of Psychiatry has been completely revised, with a new author team recruited by Section Editors Jonathan Polan and Eric Kandel. The final section, Special Populations and Clinical Settings, features important new chapters on today’s most urgent topics, including the homeless, restraint and geriatric psychiatry. Key features include: Coverage of the entire field of psychiatry, from psychoanalysis to pharmacology and brain imaging, including family relations, cultural influence and change, epidemiology, genetics and behavioral medicine Clinical vignettes describing current clinical practice in an attractive design Numerous figures and tables that facilitate learning and comprehension appear throughout the text Clear comparisons of the DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 criteria for easy understanding in a global context Diagnostic and treatment decision trees to help both the novice and experienced reader The chapter on Cognitive Behavioral Therapies by Edward Friedman, Michael Thase and Jesse Wright is freely available. Please click on Read Excerpt 2 above to read this superb exposition of these important therapies.