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Probability in the Philosophy of Religion by Jake Chandler,Victoria S. Harrison Pdf
Probability theory promises to deliver an exact and unified foundation for inquiry in epistemology and philosophy of science. But philosophy of religion is also fertile ground for the application of probabilistic thinking. This volume presents original contributions from twelve contemporary researchers, both established and emerging, to offer a representative sample of the work currently being carried out in this potentially rich field of inquiry. Grouped into five parts, the chapters span a broad range of traditional issues in religious epistemology. The first three parts discuss the evidential impact of various considerations that have been brought to bear on the question of the existence of God. These include witness reports of the occurrence of miraculous events, the existence of complex biological adaptations, the apparent 'fine-tuning' for life of various physical constants and the existence of seemingly unnecessary evil. The fourth part addresses a number of issues raised by Pascal's famous pragmatic argument for theistic belief. A final part offers probabilistic perspectives on the rationality of faith and the epistemic significance of religious disagreement.
Probability in the Philosophy of Religion by Jake Chandler,Victoria S. Harrison Pdf
These specially written essays show that philosophy of religion is fertile ground for the application of probabilistic thinking. The authors examine central topics in the field: the status of evidence relating to the question of the existence of God; the rationality of religious belief; and the epistemic significance of religious disagreement.
The Probability of God by Dr. Stephen D. Unwin Pdf
Does God exist? This is probably the most debated question in the history of mankind. Scholars, scientists, and philosophers have spent their lifetimes trying to prove or disprove the existence of God, only to have their theories crucified by other scholars, scientists, and philosophers. Where the debate breaks down is in the ambiguities and colloquialisms of language. But, by using a universal, unambiguous language—namely, mathematics—can this question finally be answered definitively? That’s what Dr. Stephen Unwin attempts to do in this riveting, accessible, and witty book, The Probability of God. At its core, this groundbreaking book reveals how a math equation developed more than 200 years ago by noted European philosopher Thomas Bayes can be used to calculate the probability that God exists. The equation itself is much more complicated than a simple coin toss (heads, He’s up there running the show; tails, He’s not). Yet Dr. Unwin writes with a clarity that makes his mathematical proof easy for even the nonmathematician to understand and a verve that makes his book a delight to read. Leading you carefully through each step in his argument, he demonstrates in the end that God does indeed exist. Whether you’re a devout believer and agree with Dr. Unwin’s proof or are unsure about all things divine, you will find this provocative book enlightening and engaging. “One of the most innovative works [in the science and religion movement] is The Probability of God...An entertaining exercise in thinking.”—Michael Shermer, Scientific American “Unwin’s book [is] peppered with wry, self-deprecating humor that makes the scientific discussions more accessible...Spiritually inspiring.”--Chicago Sun Times “A pleasantly breezy account of some complicated matters well worth learning about.”--Philadelphia Inquirer “One of the best things about the book is its humor.”--Cleveland Plain Dealer “In a book that is surprisingly lighthearted and funny, Unwin manages to pack in a lot of facts about science and philosophy.”--Salt Lake Tribune
Probabilities, An Aid to Faith by Martin Farquhar Tupper Pdf
Probabilities: An Aid To Faith is a philosophical and theological treatise written by British author Martin Farquhar Tupper in 1854. The book explores the relationship between faith and probability, arguing that the principles of probability theory can be used to support and strengthen religious belief. Tupper draws on a range of sources, including scientific discoveries, historical events, and personal experiences, to make his case for the rationality of faith. He also engages with the criticisms of skeptics and atheists, offering counterarguments and presenting evidence to support his claims. Probabilities: An Aid To Faith is a thought-provoking and insightful work that offers a unique perspective on the intersection of faith and reason.
The Probability of God by Dr. Stephen D. Unwin Pdf
Does God exist? This is probably the most debated question in the history of mankind. Scholars, scientists, and philosophers have spent their lifetimes trying to prove or disprove the existence of God, only to have their theories crucified by other scholars, scientists, and philosophers. Where the debate breaks down is in the ambiguities and colloquialisms of language. But, by using a universal, unambiguous language—namely, mathematics—can this question finally be answered definitively? That’s what Dr. Stephen Unwin attempts to do in this riveting, accessible, and witty book, The Probability of God. At its core, this groundbreaking book reveals how a math equation developed more than 200 years ago by noted European philosopher Thomas Bayes can be used to calculate the probability that God exists. The equation itself is much more complicated than a simple coin toss (heads, He’s up there running the show; tails, He’s not). Yet Dr. Unwin writes with a clarity that makes his mathematical proof easy for even the nonmathematician to understand and a verve that makes his book a delight to read. Leading you carefully through each step in his argument, he demonstrates in the end that God does indeed exist. Whether you’re a devout believer and agree with Dr. Unwin’s proof or are unsure about all things divine, you will find this provocative book enlightening and engaging.
This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.
This text arises from a conference of the International Society for Science and Religion (ISSR) held in Boston in August 2004. Chapters include: 'Concepts of Law and Probability in Theology and Science', 'The Development of the Concept of Laws of Nature', 'Chance and Evolution' and 'God and Probability'.
David Hume on Miracles, Evidence, and Probability by William L. Vanderburgh Pdf
David Hume’s argument against believing in miracles has attracted nearly continuous attention from philosophers and theologians since it was first published in 1748. Hume’s many commentators, however, both pro and con, have often misunderstood key aspects of Hume’s account of evidential probability and as a result have misrepresented Hume’s argument and conclusions regarding miracles in fundamental ways. This book argues that Hume’s account of probability descends from a long and laudable tradition that goes back to ancient Roman and medieval law. That account is entirely and deliberately non-mathematical. As a result, any analysis of Hume’s argument in terms of the mathematical theory of probability is doomed to failure. Recovering the knowledge of this ancient tradition of probable reasoning leads us to a correct interpretation of Hume’s argument against miracles, enables a more accurate understanding of many other episodes in the history of science and of philosophy, and may be also useful in contemporary attempts to weigh evidence in epistemically complex situations where confirmation theory and mathematical probability theory have proven to be less helpful than we would have hoped.
Knowledge, Belief, and God by Matthew A. Benton,John P. Hawthorne,Dani Rabinowitz Pdf
Epistemology has flourished in this millennium, with new ideas and approaches of many kinds: Knowledge, Belief, and God shows how these developments can illuminate the philosophy of religion and analytic theology. And philosophy of religion is shown to be a valuable testing-ground for epistemology.--
The Oxford Handbook of Probability and Philosophy by Alan Hájek,Christopher Hitchcock Pdf
Probability theory is a key tool of the physical, mathematical, and social sciences. It has also been playing an increasingly significant role in philosophy: in epistemology, philosophy of science, ethics, social philosophy, philosophy of religion, and elsewhere. A case can be made thatprobability is as vital a part of the philosopher's toolkit as logic. Moreover, there is a fruitful two-way street between probability theory and philosophy: the theory informs much of the work of philosophers, and philosophical inquiry, in turn, has shed considerable light on the theory. ThisHandbook encapsulates and furthers the influence of philosophy on probability, and of probability on philosophy. Nearly forty articles summarise the state of play and present new insights in various areas of research at the intersection of these two fields. The articles will be of special interestto practitioners of probability who seek a greater understanding of its mathematical and conceptual foundations, and to philosophers who want to get up to speed on the cutting edge of research in this area. There is plenty here to entice philosophical readers who don't work especially on probabilitybut who want to learn more about it and its applications. Indeed, this volume should appeal to the intellectually curious generally; after all, there is much here to be curious about. We do not expect all of this volume's audience to have a thorough training in probability theory. And whileprobability is relevant to the work of many philosophers, they often do not have much of a background in its formalism. With this in mind, we begin with 'Probability for Everyone--Even Philosophers', a primer on those parts of probability theory that we believe are most important for philosophers toknow. The rest of the volume is divided into seven main sections: History; Formalism; Alternatives to Standard Probability Theory; Interpretations and Interpretive Issues; Probabilistic Judgment and Its Applications; Applications of Probability: Science; and Applications of Probability:Philosophy.
Modality, Logical Probability, and the Trinity by Vlastimil Vohánka Pdf
This book in the epistemology of religion discusses a wide spectrum of sources in analytic, scholastic and apologetic philosophy and theology in order to argue non-deductively for the following thesis: Apart from religious experience, it cannot be evident (in a defined sense of psychological impossibility) that the Trinity doctrine is logically possible. Hence, this conclusion is drawn deductively: Apart from religious experience, it cannot be evident that Christianity or the Trinity doctrine have non-minimal logical probability. As the author points out, however, they still may be justified, well-argued, plausibly logically probable, and probable in other than the logical sense. The book will be of interest to philosophers of religion, analytic theologians, and researchers in analytic scholasticism.
Knowledge, Belief, and God by Matthew A. Benton,John Hawthorne,Dani Rabinowitz Pdf
Recent decades have seen a fertile period of theorizing within mainstream epistemology which has had a dramatic impact on how epistemology is done. Investigations into contextualist and pragmatic dimensions of knowledge suggest radically new ways of meeting skeptical challenges and of understanding the relation between the epistemological and practical environment. New insights from social epistemology and formal epistemology about defeat, testimony, a priority, probability, and the nature of evidence all have a potentially revolutionary effect on how we understand our epistemological place in the world. Religion is the place where such rethinking can potentially have its deepest impact and importance. Yet there has been surprisingly little infiltration of these new ideas into philosophy of religion and the epistemology of religious belief. Knowledge, Belief, and God incorporates these myriad new developments in mainstream epistemology, and extends these developments to questions and arguments in religious epistemology. The investigations proposed in this volume offer substantial new life, breadth, and sophistication to issues in the philosophy of religion and analytic theology. They pose original questions and shed new light on long-standing issues in religious epistemology; and these developments will in turn generate contributions to epistemology itself, since religious belief provides a vital testing ground for recent epistemological ideas.
God - A Balance of Probabilities? by Robert Rowe Pdf
WHAT IF? What if our task in life is to develop a spiritual understanding of our place in the Universe and the ability to relate harmoniously to all other species on Earth is a part of this development? What if each of us is already complete with an Inner Self, so that, given the right opportunity and conditions, we are sufficient of ourselves, to carry out this task of spiritual development? What if each of us is already a spiritual being with an indestructible relationship with God, regardless of any Man made religious overlay? What if God really has no interest in our physical welfare as this is mostly, within Man's abilities? And what if history is seen to suggest this is so? What if Science and Philosophy are the two ends of the same stick? What if death is simply a change from one form of reality into another? Perhaps, to the non-physical reality we experience as dreaming? What if, at death, each of us leaves this world as a spiritual identity - as we entered it, and then proceeds on to another stage of spiritual development appropriate to our level of understanding? What if all of this is so and we really have no need for competing man made religious systems of personal, spiritual salvation, with attendant religious guilt, domination, bigotry, and so on? Thin k about each of these for a minute or two and then ask yourself, truthfully, why they shouldn't be so..... About the Author: Robert Rowe, as a lad, he attended a local Methodist Church for his basic Christian religious upbringing. However, as many others have also discovered, answers to questions, which arose from enquiring minds, were either unavailable, or were a matter of opinion. This, of course, led to a confused understanding that, the Christian religion was divided in its views on various aspects of their beliefs, in many cases, according to each Churches selfish, points of view and, in some instances, the need for monetary gain. So, how could this be? Over the years, this led him to a very rudimentary interest in religions generally, with an emphasis in the three mono-Theistic religions, as these are inter-related, and, much later, a broadening of this interest to include basic Philosophy - the theory of living, and Science - the practice of living, to try to arrive at an irrevocable understanding that would include both disciplines, as these are the very basis of our lives. Further, if, as put forward by Science, that the Universe is composed of energy, then it's reasonable to assume that its Creator, whom we call God, will also be an energy source. Following this, it's also reasonable to allow for spiritual energy visualisations to also exist, on occasion. It was during these later years that it was apparent to him, that most of the problems associated with the three mono-Theistic religions arose, because they were based mainly on hearsay and opinions, put forward in ancient times by scholars and mystics. These were, later, interpreted and re-interpreted down through the years, often for religious gain rather than a search for truth, and that, without some rationalisation, these were no longer acceptable today. However, he felt that if God, is accepted as the supreme energy source, creating an energy Universe, and that both Philosophy and Science are the two instruments by which Mankind can "know" his creator, it is considered that Mankind will have taken a great step forward in his evolution, and History will have served its purpose as a background to the march forward. This book, "God - a balance of probabilities?" discusses this possibility into a probability. It is hoped you will agree.
Probability and Theistic Explanation by Robert W. Prevost Pdf
The past twenty years have seen a revival of interest in the epistemic of religious belief. Two philosophers who have led the way are Basil Mitchell and Richard Swinburne. Both believe that religious belief can be justified using inductive `best explanation' arguments. However, theirsimilarity ends there. Swinburne's approach is formal, utilizing the calculus of Bayes's Theorem in assessing the weight of the evidence; Mitchell's is informal due to his recognition of judgement as central to such assessment. This book is the first full-length comparison of these two styles ofjustifying religious belief.
