Regulation Of Ribosome Biogenesis And Rna Polymerase I Transcription

Author : Robert Steinbauer
Publisher : Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2011-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3838126149

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Regulation of Ribosome Biogenesis and Rna Polymerase I Transcription by Robert Steinbauer Pdf

Ribosome synthesis depends on nutrient availability sensed by the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in eukaryotic cells. TOR inactivation affects ribosome biogenesis at the level of RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-dependent transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, expression of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and ribosome biogenesis factors, pre-ribosome processing, and transport. Detailed analysis shows that upon TOR inactivation the levels of newly synthesized ribosomal subunits drop drastically before the integrity of the Pol I apparatus is severely impaired but in good correlation with a sharp decrease in r-protein production. Inhibition of translation by cycloheximide mimics the rRNA maturation defect observed immediately after TOR inactivation. Both cycloheximide addition and the depletion of individual r-proteins also reproduce TOR-dependent nucleolar entrapment of specific ribosomal precursor complexes. The conclusion could be drawn that shortage of newly synthesized r-proteins after short-term TOR inactivation is sufficient to explain most of the observed effects on ribosome production.

Author : A.A. Hadjiolov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783709187425

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The Nucleolus and Ribosome Biogenesis by A.A. Hadjiolov Pdf

The nucleolus had consistently attracted the attention of investigators in the fields of cell biology and pathology. Because of its ubiquitous presence in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, its rapid changes during their life cycle, and its rapid response to noxious agents, this organelle has been the subject of a large number of studies. Yet, the exact function and the very reason for the existence of the nucleolus (the only large cellular structure not delimited by a membrane) remain largely unknown. The ribosomes were discovered relatively late in the study of cells, but due to their crucial involvement in the protein synthesis machinery of all living organisms, the elucidation of their structure and function quickly became one of the major goals of molecular biology. The relatively simple structure of the ribosome strengthens the hope that a full understanding of the structure and function of this organelle in molecular terms is within the reach of contemporary research~ Since each of the rRNA and protein molecules embodied in the ribosome is the product of a distinct gene, studies on the biogenesis of ribosomes expanded rapidly to become a core topic in molecular genetics.

Author : Vijay Kumar
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128167342

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Emerging Concepts in Ribosome Structure, Biogenesis, and Function by Vijay Kumar Pdf

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes which are responsible for mRNA translation into proteins. It is a tightly regulated process closely linked to nearly all biochemical and cellular processes, including cell division, growth, and development. Emerging Concepts in Ribosome Structure, Biogenesis, and Function provides a synthesized overview of all the parts engaged in this process. The book begins by providing an introduction to the ribosome factory, its origin, and its evolution of translation. It then goes on to describe ribosome structure including subunits, RNA, and protein components. Ribosome biogenesis and its emergence as a frontier research area for translational potential in cancer and other diseases are also discussed. In addition, the book explores current developments in ribosome research like the emergence of ribosomopathies, how deregulation of ribosome biogenesis can impact disease mechanisms and aging, and the discovery of specialized ribosomes that have specific functions that may translate differentially with consequences on normal and pathological processes. Emerging Concepts in Ribosome Structure, Biogenesis, and Function provides fundamental coverage and emerging research on ribosomes, biogenesis, and their structure and function and is a resourceful introduction for new researchers and those engaged in interdisciplinary ribosomal research. Provides an overview of ribosome biogenesis and examines its involvement in cell transformation and cancerous growth Covers disorders related to the ribosome (ribosomopathies) and explains the significance of ribosome dysfunction in human diseases Includes commonly used methods to study ribosomes, such as polysome preparation, RNA profiling and proteomics, CryoEM, and Cell-free assays along with proper illustrations

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 19??
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9535138685

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Gene Expression and Regulation in Mammalian Cells - Transcription Toward the Establishment of Novel Therapeutics by Anonim Pdf

Author : Karl-Dieter Entian
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2022-07-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781071625019

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Ribosome Biogenesis by Karl-Dieter Entian Pdf

This Open Access volume provides comprehensive reviews and describes the latest techniques to study eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis. For more than 50 years ribosomes are a major research topic. Our knowledge about ribosome biogenesis and function such as transcription, mRNA modification, and translation was the sine qua non for developing the powerful RNA-based vaccines against RNA-viruses causing the world-threatening Covid-19 pandemia. The chapters in this book are organized into six parts. Part One discusses a comparative survey about the unity and diversity of ribosome biogenesis in pro- and eukaryotic cells. Part Two deals with the genomic organization of eukaryotic rDNA and the role of RNA polymerase I in ribosomal RNA transcription. Part Three explores in vitro methods to study RNA polymerase I structure and its function, and Part Four analyzes the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of assembled ribosomes and RNP complexes. Part Five covers modifications that increase the complexity of rRNAs, and Part Six provides readers with a review of eukaryotic translation and - for the first time - describes a new method to analyze translation in vitro. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Ribosome Biogenesis: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers interested in learning more about the increasing importance of in vitro RNA-technologies.

Author : Marvin R. Paule
Publisher : Springer
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1998-10-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015046871888

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Transcription of Ribosomal RNA Genes by Eukaryotic RNA Polymerase I by Marvin R. Paule Pdf

The mechanism by which ribosomal RNA is synthesized has been a topic of intensive research for nearly 30 years. In 1981 the first in vitro transcription system for ribosomal RNA from a eukaryote - mouse ascites cells - was reported, followed rapidly by similar systems in a variety of other eukaryotes, all revealed by a relatively small number of research groups. This monograph is the first to bring together the results and opinions of all these groups. Though it unavoidably emphasizes the common features of ribosomal RNA transcription between species, the species specificity of the process and nucleolar dominance and its possible mechanism(s) are also discussed.

Author : Paola Londei,Anna La Teana,Sébastien Ferreira-Cerca
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2022-01-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889741410

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Archaeal Ribosomes: Biogenesis, Structure and Function by Paola Londei,Anna La Teana,Sébastien Ferreira-Cerca Pdf

Author : Mark O. J. Olson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2011-09-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461405146

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The Nucleolus by Mark O. J. Olson Pdf

Within the past two decades, extraordinary new functions for the nucleolus have begun to appear, giving the field a new vitality and generating renewed excitement and interest. These new discoveries include both newly-discovered functions and aspects of its conventional role. The Nucleolus is divided into three parts: nucleolar structure and organization, the role of the nucleolus in ribosome biogenesis, and novel functions of the nucleolus.

Author : Peter Thorogood,Cheryll Tickle
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Bones
ISBN : UOM:39015013802106

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Craniofacial Development by Peter Thorogood,Cheryll Tickle Pdf

Author : Cathleen Ann Josaitis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Electronic
ISBN : WISC:89052514007

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Studies on the Regulation of Ribosomal RNA Transcription in Escherichia Coli by Cathleen Ann Josaitis Pdf

Author : Muller Fabbri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461484448

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Non-coding RNAs and Cancer by Muller Fabbri Pdf

The discovery of microRNAs and its role as gene expression regulators in human carcinogenesis represents one of the most important scientific achievements of the last decade. More recently, other non-coding RNAs have been discovered and its implications in cancer are emerging as well, suggesting a broader than anticipated involvement of the non-coding genome in cancer. Moreover, completely new and unexpected functions for microRNAs are being revealed, leading to the identification of new anticancer molecular targets. This book represents a comprehensive guide on non-coding RNAs and cancer, spanning from its role as cancer biomarkers, to providing the most useful bioinformatic tools, to presenting some of the most relevant discoveries, which indicates how these fascinating molecules act as fine orchestrators of cancer biology.

Author : Danton H O'Day,Andrew Catalano
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-02-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400758186

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Proteins of the Nucleolus by Danton H O'Day,Andrew Catalano Pdf

This book contains 14 original review chapters each yielding new, exciting and intriguing data about the emerging understanding of nucleolar structure and function in normal, stressed and diseased cells. The goal of this work is to provide special insight into the nucleolus of the past, present and future, as well its regulation, translocation, and biomedical function. A multitude of topics are introduced and discussed in detail, including nucleologenesis, nucleolar architecture, nucleolar targeting, retention, anchoring, translocation, and the relationship between the nucleolus and cancer. This book also brings together work from several different species, from human to Drosophila to Dictyostelium and other eukaryotic microbes. The final chapter summarizes some of the issues brought up in the various chapters with a view to future research. This book supports the continued emergence of the nucleolus as a dynamic intranuclear region that oversees a vast diversity of events.

Author : Ronald C. Conaway,Joan Weliky Conaway
Publisher : Raven Press (ID)
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015032754528

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Transcription by Ronald C. Conaway,Joan Weliky Conaway Pdf

Presents a coherent account of many productive lines of investigation, organized as a series of mini-reviews that focus on major research areas including studies on the structure and mechanisms of action of bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic RNA polymerases, and the transcription factors that control their activities. Each review provides a brief but up-to-date account of the progress of research in a particular area, a discussion of the major issues and questions driving that research, and a brief description of the evolving approaches and technologies used to address those questions. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Tapas Kumar Kundu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 698 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2012-11-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400745254

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Epigenetics: Development and Disease by Tapas Kumar Kundu Pdf

Epigenetics fine-tunes the life processes dictated by DNA sequences, but also kick-starts pathophysiological processes including diabetes, AIDS and cancer. This volume tracks the latest research on epigenetics, including work on new-generation therapeutics.

Author : Irwin M. Arias,Harvey J. Alter,James L. Boyer,David E. Cohen,David A. Shafritz,Snorri S. Thorgeirsson,Allan W. Wolkoff
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1156 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119436829

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The Liver by Irwin M. Arias,Harvey J. Alter,James L. Boyer,David E. Cohen,David A. Shafritz,Snorri S. Thorgeirsson,Allan W. Wolkoff Pdf

Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.