Ribosome Biogenesis

Author : Vijay Kumar
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128167342

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Emerging Concepts in Ribosome Structure, Biogenesis, and Function by Vijay Kumar Pdf

Ribosome biogenesis is the process of making ribosomes which are responsible for mRNA translation into proteins. It is a tightly regulated process closely linked to nearly all biochemical and cellular processes, including cell division, growth, and development. Emerging Concepts in Ribosome Structure, Biogenesis, and Function provides a synthesized overview of all the parts engaged in this process. The book begins by providing an introduction to the ribosome factory, its origin, and its evolution of translation. It then goes on to describe ribosome structure including subunits, RNA, and protein components. Ribosome biogenesis and its emergence as a frontier research area for translational potential in cancer and other diseases are also discussed. In addition, the book explores current developments in ribosome research like the emergence of ribosomopathies, how deregulation of ribosome biogenesis can impact disease mechanisms and aging, and the discovery of specialized ribosomes that have specific functions that may translate differentially with consequences on normal and pathological processes. Emerging Concepts in Ribosome Structure, Biogenesis, and Function provides fundamental coverage and emerging research on ribosomes, biogenesis, and their structure and function and is a resourceful introduction for new researchers and those engaged in interdisciplinary ribosomal research. Provides an overview of ribosome biogenesis and examines its involvement in cell transformation and cancerous growth Covers disorders related to the ribosome (ribosomopathies) and explains the significance of ribosome dysfunction in human diseases Includes commonly used methods to study ribosomes, such as polysome preparation, RNA profiling and proteomics, CryoEM, and Cell-free assays along with proper illustrations

Author : Karl-Dieter Entian
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2022-07-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781071625019

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Ribosome Biogenesis by Karl-Dieter Entian Pdf

This Open Access volume provides comprehensive reviews and describes the latest techniques to study eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis. For more than 50 years ribosomes are a major research topic. Our knowledge about ribosome biogenesis and function such as transcription, mRNA modification, and translation was the sine qua non for developing the powerful RNA-based vaccines against RNA-viruses causing the world-threatening Covid-19 pandemia. The chapters in this book are organized into six parts. Part One discusses a comparative survey about the unity and diversity of ribosome biogenesis in pro- and eukaryotic cells. Part Two deals with the genomic organization of eukaryotic rDNA and the role of RNA polymerase I in ribosomal RNA transcription. Part Three explores in vitro methods to study RNA polymerase I structure and its function, and Part Four analyzes the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of assembled ribosomes and RNP complexes. Part Five covers modifications that increase the complexity of rRNAs, and Part Six provides readers with a review of eukaryotic translation and - for the first time - describes a new method to analyze translation in vitro. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Ribosome Biogenesis: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers interested in learning more about the increasing importance of in vitro RNA-technologies.

Author : A.A. Hadjiolov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783709187425

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The Nucleolus and Ribosome Biogenesis by A.A. Hadjiolov Pdf

The nucleolus had consistently attracted the attention of investigators in the fields of cell biology and pathology. Because of its ubiquitous presence in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, its rapid changes during their life cycle, and its rapid response to noxious agents, this organelle has been the subject of a large number of studies. Yet, the exact function and the very reason for the existence of the nucleolus (the only large cellular structure not delimited by a membrane) remain largely unknown. The ribosomes were discovered relatively late in the study of cells, but due to their crucial involvement in the protein synthesis machinery of all living organisms, the elucidation of their structure and function quickly became one of the major goals of molecular biology. The relatively simple structure of the ribosome strengthens the hope that a full understanding of the structure and function of this organelle in molecular terms is within the reach of contemporary research~ Since each of the rRNA and protein molecules embodied in the ribosome is the product of a distinct gene, studies on the biogenesis of ribosomes expanded rapidly to become a core topic in molecular genetics.

Author : Paola Londei,Anna La Teana,Sébastien Ferreira-Cerca
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2022-01-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889741410

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Archaeal Ribosomes: Biogenesis, Structure and Function by Paola Londei,Anna La Teana,Sébastien Ferreira-Cerca Pdf

Author : Robert Steinbauer
Publisher : Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2011-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3838126149

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Regulation of Ribosome Biogenesis and Rna Polymerase I Transcription by Robert Steinbauer Pdf

Ribosome synthesis depends on nutrient availability sensed by the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway in eukaryotic cells. TOR inactivation affects ribosome biogenesis at the level of RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-dependent transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, expression of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and ribosome biogenesis factors, pre-ribosome processing, and transport. Detailed analysis shows that upon TOR inactivation the levels of newly synthesized ribosomal subunits drop drastically before the integrity of the Pol I apparatus is severely impaired but in good correlation with a sharp decrease in r-protein production. Inhibition of translation by cycloheximide mimics the rRNA maturation defect observed immediately after TOR inactivation. Both cycloheximide addition and the depletion of individual r-proteins also reproduce TOR-dependent nucleolar entrapment of specific ribosomal precursor complexes. The conclusion could be drawn that shortage of newly synthesized r-proteins after short-term TOR inactivation is sufficient to explain most of the observed effects on ribosome production.

Author : Chrissie Young Lee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UCLA:L0099894776

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Multiple Mechanisms Regulating Ribosome Biogenesis in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by Chrissie Young Lee Pdf

Author : Irwin M. Arias,Harvey J. Alter,James L. Boyer,David E. Cohen,David A. Shafritz,Snorri S. Thorgeirsson,Allan W. Wolkoff
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1156 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119436829

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The Liver by Irwin M. Arias,Harvey J. Alter,James L. Boyer,David E. Cohen,David A. Shafritz,Snorri S. Thorgeirsson,Allan W. Wolkoff Pdf

Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128152218

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Maternal Effect Genes in Development by Anonim Pdf

Current Topics in Developmental Biology series highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by one or more members of an international board of authors. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series Includes the latest information on maternal effect genes in development

Author : Knud H. Nierhaus,Daniel Wilson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 597 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2009-07-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527616381

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Protein Synthesis and Ribosome Structure by Knud H. Nierhaus,Daniel Wilson Pdf

Knud Nierhaus, who has studied the ribosome for more than 30 years, has assembled here the combined efforts of several scientific disciplines into a uniform picture of the largest enzyme complex found in living cells, finally resolving many decades-old questions in molecular biology. In so doing he considers virtually all aspects of ribosome structure and function -- from the molecular mechanism of different ribosomal ribozyme activities to their selective inhibition by antibiotics, from assembly of the core particle to the regulation of ribosome component synthesis. The result is a premier resource for anyone with an interest in ribosomal protein synthesis, whether in the context of molecular biology, biotechnology, pharmacology or molecular medicine.

Author : Munetaka Sugiyama,Yasunori Machida
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889455539

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Novel Aspects of Nucleolar Functions in Plant Growth and Development by Munetaka Sugiyama,Yasunori Machida Pdf

The nucleolus is a prominent nuclear domain that is common to eukaryotes. Since the nucleolus was first described in the 1830s, its identity had remained a mystery for longer than 100 years. Major advances in understanding of the nucleolus were achieved through electron microscopic and biochemical studies in the 1960s to 1970s followed by molecular biological studies. These studies finally established the view of the nucleolus that it is a large aggregate of RNA-protein complexes associated with the rRNA gene region of chromosome DNA, serving mainly as a site of ribosome biogenesis, where pre-rRNA transcription, pre-rRNA processing, and ribosome assembly occur. This function of the nucleolus appears to indicate that the nucleolus plays a constitutive and essential role in fundamental cellular activities by producing ribosomes. Recent research has shown, however, that the nucleolus is more dynamic and can have more specific and wider functions. In plants, nucleolar functions have been implicated in developmental regulations and environmental responses by accumulating pieces of evidence obtained mostly from genetic studies of nucleolar factor-related mutants. Comprehensive analysis of nucleolar proteins and molecular cytological characterization of sub-nucleolar and peri-nucelolar bodies have also provided new insights into behaviors and functions of the plant nucleolus. In this Research Topic, we would like to collect physiological and molecular links between the nucleolus to plant growth and development, shed light on novel aspects of nucleolar functions beyond its classical view, and stimulate research activities focusing on the nucleolus across various fields of plant science, including molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, developmental biology, physiology, and evolutionary biology.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2008-08-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080921747

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Advances in Botanical Research by Anonim Pdf

Edited by Jean-Claude Kader and Michel Delseny and supported by an international Editorial Board, Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Currently in its 47th volume, the series features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology. This eclectic volume features six reviews on cutting-edge topics of interest to post-graduates and researchers alike. Multidisciplinary reviews written from a broad range of scientific perspectives For over 40 years, series has enjoyed a reputation for excellence Contributors internationally recognized authorities in their respective fields

Author : W. Scott Champney
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781588299154

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New Antibiotic Targets by W. Scott Champney Pdf

This book examines specific techniques which can be used to explore new drug targets and the effectiveness of new antibiotics. By testing new antimicrobial agents and modified existing drugs, the most vulnerable cell processes, such as cell wall and membrane synthesis, DNA replication, RNA transcription and protein synthesis, can be better exploited. This in-depth volume, however, delves even deeper by identifying additional novel cellular targets for these new therapies. The book will provide laboratory investigators with the vital tools they need to test the antimicrobial potential of products and to curb the rise of so many infectious diseases.

Author : Feng C. Zhou,Stephen Mason
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2015-08-06
Category : Biology (General)
ISBN : 9782889195732

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Genetics and Epigenetics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders by Feng C. Zhou,Stephen Mason Pdf

Women drinking during pregnancy can result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which may feature variable neurodevelopmental deficits, facial dysmorphology, growth retardation, and learning disabilities. Research suggests the human brain is precisely formed through an intrinsic, genetic-cellular expression that is carefully orchestrated by an epigenetic program. This program can be influenced by environmental inputs such as alcohol. Current research suggests the genetic and epigenetic elements of FASD are heavily intertwined and highly dependent on one another. As such, now is the time for investigators to combine genetic, genomic and epigenetic components of alcohol research into a centralized, accessible platform for discussion. Genetic analyses inform gene sets which may be vulnerable to alcohol exposure during early neurulation. Prenatal alcohol exposure indeed alters expression of gene subsets, including genes involved in neural specification, hematopoiesis, methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone variants, eye and heart development. Recently, quantitative genomic mapping has revealed loci (QTLs) that mediate alcohol-induced phenotypes identified between two alcohol-drinking mouse strains. One question to consider is (besides the role of dose and stage of alcohol exposure) why only 5% of drinking women deliver newborns diagnosed with FAS (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)? Studies are ongoing to answer this question by characterizing genome-wide expression, allele-specific expression (ASE), gene polymorphisms (SNPs) and maternal genetic factors that influence alcohol vulnerability. Alcohol exposure during pregnancy, which can lead to FASD, has been used as a model to resolve the epigenetic pathway between environment and phenotype. Epigenetic mechanisms modify genetic outputs through alteration of 3D chromatin structure and accessibility of transcriptional machinery. Several laboratories have reported altered epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modification, in multiple models of FASD. During development DNA methylation is dynamic yet orchestrated in a precise spatiotemporal manner during neurulation and coincidental with neural differentiation. Alcohol can directly influence epigenetics through alterations of the methionine pathway and subsequent DNA or histone methylation/acetylation. Alcohol also alters noncoding RNA including miRNA and transposable elements (TEs). Evidence suggests that miRNA expression may mediate ethanol teratology, and TEs may be affected by alcohol through the alteration of DNA methylation at its regulatory region. In this manner, the epigenetic and genetic components of FASD are revealing themselves to be mechanistically intertwined. Can alcohol-induced epigenomic alterations be passed across generations? Early epidemiological studies have revealed infants with FASD-like features in the absence of maternal alcohol, where the fathers were alcoholics. Novel mechanisms for alcohol-induced phenotypes include altered sperm DNA methylation, hypomethylated paternal allele and heritable epimutations. These studies predict the heritability of alcohol-induced epigenetic abnormalities and gene functionality across generations. We opened a forum to researchers and investigators the field of FASD to discuss their insights, hypotheses, fresh data, past research, and future research themes embedded in this rising field of the genetics and epigenetics of FASD. This eBook is a product of the collective sharing and debate among researchers who have contributed or reviewed each subject.

Author : Claudio O. Gualerzi,Letizia Brandi,Attilio Fabbretti,Cynthia L. Pon
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 549 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783527659708

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Antibiotics by Claudio O. Gualerzi,Letizia Brandi,Attilio Fabbretti,Cynthia L. Pon Pdf

Most of the antibiotics now in use have been discovered more or less by chance, and their mechanisms of action have only been elucidated after their discovery. To meet the medical need for next-generation antibiotics, a more rational approach to antibiotic development is clearly needed. Opening with a general introduction about antimicrobial drugs, their targets and the problem of antibiotic resistance, this reference systematically covers currently known antibiotic classes, their molecular mechanisms and the targets on which they act. Novel targets such as cell signaling networks, riboswitches and bacterial chaperones are covered here, alongside the latest information on the molecular mechanisms of current blockbuster antibiotics. With its broad overview of current and future antibacterial drug development, this unique reference is essential reading for anyone involved in the development and therapeutic application of novel antibiotics.

Author : Eckhard Jankowsky
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 590 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-06-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780123965462

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RNA Helicases by Eckhard Jankowsky Pdf

This work integrates the current knowledge about RNA helicases from diverse fields ranging from cell and developmental biology to mechanistic enzymology and structural biology into one useful resource.