Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring

Author : Mark Bray,Ora Kwo,Boris Jokić
Publisher : Springer
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783319300429

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Researching Private Supplementary Tutoring by Mark Bray,Ora Kwo,Boris Jokić Pdf

Private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education because of the way that it mimics mainstream schooling, has greatly expanded worldwide. It consumes considerable family resources, provides employment for tutors, occupies the time of students, and has a backwash on regular schools. Although such tutoring has become a major industry and a daily activity for students, tutors and families, the research literature has been slow to catch up with the phenomenon. The topic is in some respects difficult to research, precisely because it is shadowy. Contours are indistinct, and the actors may hesitate to share their experiences and perspectives. Presenting methodological lessons from diverse cultures, the book contains chapters from both high-income and low-income settings in Asia, Caribbean, Europe and the Middle East. Separately and together, the chapters present valuable insights into the design and conduct of research. The book will assist both consumers and producers of research. Consumers will become better judges of the strengths, weaknesses and orientations of literature on the theme; and producers will gain insights for design of instruments, collection of data, and interpretation of findings. The editors: Mark Bray is UNESCO Chair Professor in Comparative Education at the University of Hong Kong. Ora Kwo is an Associate Professor in the Comparative Education Research Centre at the University of Hong Kong. Boris Jokić is a Scientific Associate in the Centre for Educational Research and Development at the Institute for Social Research in Zagreb, Croatia.

Author : Mark Bray,Chad Lykins
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 155 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-05-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789290926597

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Shadow Education by Mark Bray,Chad Lykins Pdf

In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.

Author : Mark Bray
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Domestic education
ISBN : 9280312405

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Adverse Effects of Private Supplementary Tutoring by Mark Bray Pdf

Analyzes government responses to private tutoring, with references to the cases of Mauritius, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and the Republic of Korea.

Author : Mark Bray,Ora Kwo
Publisher : Hong Kong University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Education and state
ISBN : 9881785294

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Regulating Private Tutoring for Public Good by Mark Bray,Ora Kwo Pdf

Recent years have brought global expansion of private supplementary tutoring alongside regular school systems. This expansion has far-reaching implications for the nurturing of new generations, for social and economic development, and for the operation of school systems. Some dimensions are positive while other dimensions are problematic. Supplementary tutoring is especially visible in Asia. The formats of tutoring range from one-to-one provision to large classes. Some tutoring is provided by teachers and by specialist companies, while other tutoring is provided informally by university students and others. Using a comparative lens, this book examines possible government responses to the expansion of private supplementary tutoring. In general, the book suggests, the sector should be given more attention. The work shows wide diversity in the regulations introduced by governments in the Asian region. It notes not only that these governments can learn much from each other, but also that policy makers in other parts of the world can usefully look at patterns in Asia. The book also stresses the value of partnerships between governments, tutoring providers, schools, teachers' unions, and other bodies.

Author : Junyan Liu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2023-05-29
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789819922024

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Demand for Private Supplementary Tutoring in China by Junyan Liu Pdf

This book combines the ideologies of parentocracy and consumer theory as theoretical lenses to view the private supplementary tutoring, also known as shadow education, with a focus on the demand at primary and lower secondary levels in China. It first explains parents’ motivations of seeking private tutoring and their decision-making dynamics, and then explores the evolving micro-level process of demand that has changed over time. It further investigates how demand for private tutoring varies across parental socioeconomic status. This book also discusses parents’ attitudes towards the Double Reduction policy and corresponding changes in their demand for tutoring. It concludes with some implications for regulating private tutoring and for improving school education. This book has pertinence in other countries as well as in China. Unpacking the demand for tutoring improves understanding of the global expansion and changing shapes of the phenomenon. Researchers, educational policy-makers, teachers, tutors, consultants, and other educational practitioners interested in the topic of private tutoring will find this work thought-provoking, instructive and informative.

Author : Mark Bray,André E. Mazawi,Ronald G. Sultana
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-03
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789462092372

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Private Tutoring Across the Mediterranean by Mark Bray,André E. Mazawi,Ronald G. Sultana Pdf

Private tutoring—supplementary, out-of-school instruction offered at a fee to individuals or groups—represents a substantial household expenditure, even in systems that claim to have free public education. It plays out across, alongside, and even within some school systems. Emerging as a ‘shadow education’, private tutoring now operates as a system and industry crossing national, regional, and social-class boundaries. Private tutoring is provided through different modes of delivery including the internet. Policy makers, parents, teachers, trade unions, corporations, community associations, and students are implicated in the private tutoring industry. The debates over private tutoring are therefore part of the larger struggles over the ends of education in just and equitable societies. The authors in this volume address diverse national settings of private tutoring across the Mediterranean, and examine its political, economic, social, and cultural underpinnings. They draw on a range of conceptual frameworks, and deploy a variety of research methods to problematize the multifaceted relationships between tutoring, learning, and equity. The volume captures a multiplicity of voices, and focuses on some of the central challenges facing education in pluralistic societies

Author : Magda Nutsa Kobakhidze
Publisher : Springer
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2018-08-10
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783319959153

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Teachers as Tutors: Shadow Education Market Dynamics in Georgia by Magda Nutsa Kobakhidze Pdf

The so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring has become a global phenomenon but has different features in different settings. This book explores the ways in which teacher-tutors’ beliefs, social norms, ideals about professionalism, and community values shape their economic decisions in the informal shadow education marketplace. Through theoretical lenses of economic sociology and anthropology, this study uncovers strong social and moral embeddedness of the shadow education market in social relationships, cultural norms and moralities in post-Soviet Georgia. The book questions some of the basic assumptions that the predominant neoliberal discourse promotes worldwide. The book is based on Kobakhidze’s PhD dissertation, which won the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES) Gail P. Kelly Outstanding Dissertation Award. “[A] theoretically innovative and substantively enlightening account of shadow schooling in Georgia... A landmark achievement.” Roger Dale, University of Bristol “... an important and timely topic ... addressed with exceptional thoroughness. It constitutes a solid piece of academic work and clearly makes a significant contribution to the field of shadow education.”Heidi Biseth, University College of Southeast Norway, Chair of Gail P. Kelly Award Committee in 2017 “...through robust critical analysis, Kobakhidze invites a humanistic re-visioning of economy and society.“ Ora Kwo, The University of Hong Kong

Author : Mark Bray,International Institute for Educational Planning
Publisher : United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Education
ISBN : UCBK:C102918948

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Confronting the Shadow Education System by Mark Bray,International Institute for Educational Planning Pdf

This book focuses on the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. In parts of East Asia it has long existed on a large scale and it is now becoming increasingly evident in other parts of Asia and in Africa, Europe and North America. Pupils commonly receive fee-free education in public schools and then at the end of the day and/or during week-ends and vacations supplementary tutoring in the same subjects on a fee-paying basis.Supplementary private tutoring can have positive dimensions. It helps students to cover the curriculum, provides a structured occupation for pupils outside school hours, and provides incomes for the tutors. However, tutoring may also have negative dimensions. If left to market forces, tutoring is likely to maintain and increase social inequalities, and it can create excessive pressure for young people who have inadequate time for non-academic activities. Especially problematic are situations in which school teachers provide extra tutoring in exchange for fees from their regular pupils.This book begins by surveying the scale, nature and implications of the shadow education system in a range of settings. It then identifies possible government responses to the phenomenon and encourages a proactive approach to designing appropriate policies.

Author : Kevin Wai Ho Yung,Anas Hajar
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2023-05-31
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783031268175

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International Perspectives on English Private Tutoring by Kevin Wai Ho Yung,Anas Hajar Pdf

This book focuses on private tutoring (sometimes also known as “shadow education”), an important but neglected topic in applied linguistics and language education research. Private tutoring has become a popular out-of-school learning activity worldwide. While its scope and definition are expanding, private tutoring commonly refers to the “paid service students used to supplement their learning of academic subjects at school outside school hours” (Yung, 2019). Around the world, English language is one of the most popularly enrolled subjects in private tutoring, including both English as a first language and English as an additional language (EAL). Despite its popularity and implications for theories, practices, and policies, research on English private tutoring is still in its infancy. This book aims to provide an international perspective on the interface between applied linguistics and comparative education and open up an agenda for discussion in theories, practices, and policies in English language teaching (ELT). It will be of interest to students, scholars, and policy-makers in these and related areas.

Author : Young Chun Kim
Publisher : Springer
Page : 235 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-23
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781137513243

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Shadow Education and the Curriculum and Culture of Schooling in South Korea by Young Chun Kim Pdf

This book enables Western scholars and educators to recognize the roles and contributions of shadow education/hakwon education in an international context. The book allows readers to redefine the traditional and limited understanding of the background success behind Korean schooling and to expand their perspectives on Korean hakwon education, as well as shadow education in other nations with educational power, such as Japan, China, Singapore, and Taiwan. Kim exhorts readers and researchers to examine shadow education as an emerging research inquiry in the context of postcolonial and worldwide curriculum studies.

Author : Alexander W. Wiseman
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2023-12-14
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781837537402

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Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2022 by Alexander W. Wiseman Pdf

Reflecting on ten prolific years of publication, both volumes of the 2022 Annual Review together present discussions on education trends and directions, conceptual and methodological developments, research-to-practice, area studies and regional developments, and diversification of the field of education.

Author : Gary Sykes,Barbara Schneider,David N. Plank
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 1062 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-09-10
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781135856472

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Handbook of Education Policy Research by Gary Sykes,Barbara Schneider,David N. Plank Pdf

Co-published by Routledge for the American Educational Research Association (AERA) Educational policy continues to be of major concern. Policy debates about economic growth and national competitiveness, for example, commonly focus on the importance of human capital and a highly educated workforce. Defining the theoretical boundaries and methodological approaches of education policy research are the two primary themes of this comprehensive, AERA-sponsored Handbook. Organized into seven sections, the Handbook focuses on (1) disciplinary foundations of educational policy, (2) methodological perspectives, (3) the policy process, (4) resources, management, and organization, (5) teaching and learning policy, (6) actors and institutions, and (7) education access and differentiation. Drawing from multiple disciplines, the Handbook’s over one hundred authors address three central questions: What policy issues and questions have oriented current policy research? What research strategies and methods have proven most fruitful? And what issues, questions, and methods will drive future policy research? Topics such as early childhood education, school choice, access to higher education, teacher accountability, and testing and measurement cut across the 63 chapters in the volume. The politics surrounding these and other issues are objectively analyzed by authors and commentators. Each of the seven sections concludes with two commentaries by leading scholars in the field. The first considers the current state of policy design, and the second addresses the current state of policy research. This book is appropriate for scholars and graduate students working in the field of education policy and for the growing number of academic, government, and think-tank researchers engaged in policy research. For more information on the American Educational Research Association, please visit: http://www.aera.net/.

Author : Geraint Johnes,Jill Johnes,Tommaso Agasisti,Laura López-Torres
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2017-12-29
Category : EDUCATION / Administration / General
ISBN : 9781785369070

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Handbook of Contemporary Education Economics by Geraint Johnes,Jill Johnes,Tommaso Agasisti,Laura López-Torres Pdf

This Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the modern economics of education literature, bringing together a series of original contributions by globally renowned experts in their fields. Covering a wide variety of topics, each chapter assesses the most recent research with an emphasis on skills, evaluation and data analytics.

Author : Iveta Silova
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Education
ISBN : 1891385631

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Education in a hidden marketplace by Iveta Silova Pdf

Author : Wei Zhang
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 121 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2023-05-02
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781000885477

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Taming the Wild Horse of Shadow Education by Wei Zhang Pdf

Zhang analyses the phenomenon of private supplementary tutoring from a global perspective. The expansion of such tutoring alongside schooling is among the striking global shifts since the turn of the century. In many countries over half of the relevant cohorts of children receive private tutoring, with that proportion in some locations exceeding 80%. The sector has far-reaching implications for social inequalities, (in)efficiencies in educational processes, study burdens on students, family finances, innovation, and employment. Yet greatly-needed government regulations have typically been slow to catch up with the phenomenon. Commentary in the volume juxtaposes countries with strong regulations with counterparts having weak regulations. Conceptually, the book considers forces changing the roles of multiple stakeholders, including governments, entrepreneurs, teachers, families and students. A useful read for students and researchers interested in comparative education and governance. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.