Studies In Medieval Astronomy And Optics

Author : J.L. Mancha
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000938449

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Studies in Medieval Astronomy and Optics by J.L. Mancha Pdf

In this selection of studies, J.L. Mancha explores aspects of the development of medieval optics and astronomy, including some medieval antecedents of the work of early modern astronomers. The articles deal with Latin, Hebrew and Arabic texts, and the process of translation and transmission of knowledge, and focus on three main themes. First, the theory and astronomical use of the pinhole camera in the 12th and 13th centuries; the texts edited here contain a solution to the problem of the formation of images cast by light through triangular apertures, equivalent to Kepler's, a description of the correct procedure for measuring solar apparent diameters using finite apertures, and a derivation of the Sun's eccentricity from its apparent diameters at apogee and perigee. Second, the characteristics of the Latin and Provençal versions of Levi ben Gerson's astronomical work, composed in collaboration with the author, as well as his tables and canons for finding syzygies and the mathematical methods used in the derivation of parameters. Third, different aspects of the survival of homocentric astronomy in the Middle Ages, especially al-Bitruji's model for trepidation and the technique for calculating the hippopede resulting from Eudoxan couples.

Author : David C. Lindberg
Publisher : Variorum Publishing
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015001749046

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Studies in the History of Medieval Optics by David C. Lindberg Pdf

Author : David A. King
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2022-02-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000585018

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Islamic Astronomy and Geography by David A. King Pdf

This volume of 12 studies, mainly published during the past 15 years, begins with an overview of the Islamic astronomy covering not only sophisticated mathematical astronomy and instrumentation but also simple folk astronomy, and the ways in which astronomy was used in the service of religion. It continues with discussions of the importance of Islamic instruments and scientific manuscript illustrations. Three studies deal with the regional schools that developed in Islamic astronomy, in this case, Egypt and the Maghrib. Another focuses on a curious astrological table for calculating the length of life of any individual. The notion of the world centred on the sacred Kaaba in Mecca inspired both astronomers and proponents of folk astronomy to propose methods for finding the qibla, or sacred direction towards the Kaaba; their activities are surveyed here. The interaction between the mathematical and folk traditions in astronomy is then illustrated by an 11th-century text on the qibla in Transoxania. The last three studies deal with an account of the geodetic measurements sponsored by the Caliph al-Ma'mûn in the 9th century; a world-map in the tradition of the 11th-century polymath al-Bîrûnî, alas corrupted by careless copying; and a table of geographical coordinates from 15th-century Egypt.

Author : Benno van Dalen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2023-05-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000944198

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Islamic Astronomical Tables by Benno van Dalen Pdf

This volume comprises nine articles on Islamic astronomy published since 1989 by Benno van Dalen. Van Dalen was the first historian of Islamic astronomy who made full use of the new possibilities of computers in the early 1990s. He implemented various statistical and numerical methods that can be used to determine the mathematical properties of medieval astronomical tables, and utilized these to obtain entirely new, until then unattainable historical results concerning the interdependence of individual tables and hence of entire astronomical works. His programmes for analysing tables, making sexagesimal calculations and converting calendar dates continue to be widely used. The five articles in the first part of this collection explain the principles of a range of statistical methods for determining unknown parameter values underlying astronomical tables and present extensive step-by-step examples for their use. The four articles in the second part provide extensive studies of materials in unpublished primary sources on Islamic astronomy that heavily depend on these methods. The volume is completed with a detailed index.

Author : Resianne Fontaine
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2010-11-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004191235

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Studies in the History of Culture and Science by Resianne Fontaine Pdf

An hommage to Gad Freudenthal, this volume offers studies on the history of science and on the role of science in medieval and early-modern Jewish cultures, investigating various aspects of processes of knowledge transfer and scientific cross-cultural contacts,

Author : José Chabás,Bernard R. Goldstein
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-05-31
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9789004230583

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A Survey of European Astronomical Tables in the Late Middle Ages by José Chabás,Bernard R. Goldstein Pdf

This is a survey of the numerous astronomical tables compiled in the late Middle Ages, which represent a major intellectual enterprise. Such tables were often the best way available at the time for transmitting precise information to the reader.

Author : A. I. Sabra
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015032231477

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Optics, Astronomy, and Logic by A. I. Sabra Pdf

These articles discuss the appropriation of Greek science by scholars in the world of medieval Islam. After presenting the historiography of this process, the volume focuses on Ibn al-Haytham, one of the most influential figures of the 11th century, and on his contribution to the science of optics and the psychology of vision. The work then analyzes how Greek thought was developed in the Islamic world, based on studies of Euclid's geomotry and critiques of Ptolemaic astronomy. Finally, some articles consider the history of logic - Aristotelian syllogism and Avicenna's views on the subject matter of logic.

Author : Raz Chen-Morris
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9780271077338

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Measuring Shadows by Raz Chen-Morris Pdf

In Measuring Shadows, Raz Chen-Morris demonstrates that a close study of Kepler’s Optics is essential to understanding his astronomical work and his scientific epistemology. He explores Kepler’s radical break from scientific and epistemological traditions and shows how the seventeenth-century astronomer posited new ways to view scientific truth and knowledge. Chen-Morris reveals how Kepler’s ideas about the formation of images on the retina and the geometrics of the camera obscura, as well as his astronomical observations, advanced the argument that physical reality could only be described through artificially produced shadows, reflections, and refractions. Breaking from medieval and Renaissance traditions that insisted upon direct sensory perception, Kepler advocated for instruments as mediators between the eye and physical reality, and for mathematical language to describe motion. It was only through this kind of knowledge, he argued, that observation could produce certainty about the heavens. Not only was this conception of visibility crucial to advancing the early modern understanding of vision and the retina, but it affected how people during that period approached and understood the world around them.

Author : Patrick Manning,Abigail Owen
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 455 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780822986270

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Knowledge in Translation by Patrick Manning,Abigail Owen Pdf

In the second millennium CE, long before English became the language of science, the act of translation was crucial for understanding and disseminating knowledge and information across linguistic and geographic boundaries. This volume considers the complexities of knowledge exchange through the practice of translation over the course of a millennium, across fields of knowledge—cartography, health and medicine, material construction, astronomy—and a wide geographical range, from Eurasia to Africa and the Americas. Contributors literate in Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Minnan, Ottoman, and Persian explore the history of science in the context of world and global history, investigating global patterns and implications in a multilingual and increasingly interconnected world. Chapters reveal cosmopolitan networks of shared practice and knowledge about the natural world from 1000 to 1800 CE, emphasizing both evolving scientific exchange and the emergence of innovative science. By unraveling the role of translation in cross-cultural communication, Knowledge in Translation highlights key moments of transmission, insight, and critical interpretation across linguistic and faith communities.

Author : Bruce Eastwood
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105038549015

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Astronomy and Optics from Pliny to Descartes by Bruce Eastwood Pdf

A principal concern of the author in writing these articles has been to elucidate the conceptual structures that underlie the scientific thought of the Middle Ages - the philosophical and cultural assumptions, presuppositions and motivations that determine the way concepts are formed and questions are answered. In the first group of articles Professor Eastwood focuses on astronomy in Latin Europe in the 5th-11th centuries, looking especially at the use, development and interpretation of diagrams in works on planetary motion. The following studies turn to optics and visual theory. They examine Robert Grosseteste's views on the rainbow, refraction and empirical knowledge, and study specific instances of how medieval thinkers, both in the Latin and Islamic worlds, reinterpreted and reformulated the concepts they had inherited.

Author : G.E.R. Lloyd
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2023-07-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000945362

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Principles and Practices in Ancient Greek and Chinese Science by G.E.R. Lloyd Pdf

From the 90 or so articles he has published in the last two decades Professor Lloyd has chosen fifteen of the most important and influential to be reprinted in this collection. They tackle a wide range of problems in ancient Greek and Chinese thought, focussing especially on science but including also medicine, mathematics, philosophy and mythology. Three common themes recur: the ancients' own concern with disciplinary boundaries, their engagement in polemics, and the heterogeneity of different traditions - cultivating different styles of reasoning with different results - in ancient science. Alongside papers that deal with technical issues in the interpretation of our sources, others raise strategic questions to do with the institutional framework of ancient science, the role of literacy in its development, and the underlying ontological and epistemological presuppositions of different groups of ancient investigators. The collection closes with a study in which Lloyd sets out how he sees the further comparative study of ancient science developing. Two of the articles appear here for the first time in English. The others are reprinted in their original form. Supplementary bibliographies are added referring to the most recent scholarship on the issues discussed.

Author : Massimo Mastrogregori
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2010-12-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9783110231403

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International Bibliography of Historical Sciences, Band 75, International Bibliography of Historical Sciences (2006) by Massimo Mastrogregori Pdf

Annually published since 1930, the International bibliography of Historical Sciences (IBOHS) is an international bibliography of the most important historical monographs and periodical articles published throughout the world, which deal with history from the earliest to the most recent times. The works are arranged systematically according to period, region or historical discipline, andwithin this classificationalphabetically. The bibliography contains a geographical index and indexes of persons and authors.

Author : Ruth Glasner
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198735861

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Gersonides by Ruth Glasner Pdf

Gersonides was a highly original Jewish philosopher, scientist and biblical exegete, active in Provence in the first half of the fourteenth century. Ruth Glasner explores his impressive achievements, and argues that the key to understanding his originality is his perspective as an applied mathematical scientist. It was this perspective that led him to examine Aristotelianism from directions different from those usually adopted by contemporary scholastic scholars. Gersonides started on his way, as he himself claims, as a 'mathematician, natural scientist, and philosopher', who believed in his power to solve the main problems of medieval science. He ended up concentrating on his work as a mathematical astronomer, developing techniques of observation and computation, and somewhat less optimistic about the prospect of scientific knowledge.

Author : Natalia Lozovsky
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : History
ISBN : 0472111329

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"The Earth is Our Book" by Natalia Lozovsky Pdf

A fascinating study of early geographical knowledge

Author : Paul J.J.M. Bakker
Publisher : Leuven University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2015-11-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789462700468

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Averroes’ Natural Philosophy and its Reception in the Latin West by Paul J.J.M. Bakker Pdf

CONTENTS Paul J.J.M BakkerIntroduction Cristina CeramiL’éternel par soi Jean-Baptiste BrenetAlexandre d’Aphrodise ou le matérialiste malgré lui Dag Nikolaus HasseAverroes’ Critique of Ptolemy and Its Reception by John of Jandun andAgostino Nifo Silvia DonatiIs Celestial Motion a Natural Motion? Cecilia TrifogliThe Reception of Averroes’ View on Motion in the Latin West Edith Dudley SyllaAverroes and Fourteenth-Century Theories of Alteration Craig MartinProvidence and Seventeenth-Century Attacks on Averroes Bibliography Index Codicum Manu ScriptorumIndex Nominum