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The Naval War of Pacific, 1879-1884 by Piotr Olender Pdf
The War of the Pacific (Spanish: Guerra del Pacífico), also known as the Saltpeter War (Spanish: Guerra del salitre) was a war between Chile and a Bolivian-Peruvian alliance. It lasted from 1879 to 1884, and was fought over Chilean claims on coastal Bolivian territory in the Atacama Desert. The war ended with victory for Chile, which gained a significant amount of resource-rich territory from Peru and Bolivia. Chile's army took Bolivia's nitrate rich coastal region and Peru was defeated by Chile's navy.Book includes maps, scale plans, period drawing, and photos.
Author : William F. Sater Publisher : U of Nebraska Press Page : 457 pages File Size : 41,9 Mb Release : 2007-01-01 Category : History ISBN : 9780803207592
The year 1879 marked the beginning of one of the longest, bloodiest conflicts of nineteenth-century Latin America. The War of the Pacific pitted Peru and Bolivia against Chile in a struggle initiated over a festering border dispute. The conflict saw Chile's and Peru's armored warships vying for control of sea lanes and included one of the first examples of the use of naval torpedoes.
The Atacama Desert, a coastal area where the borders of Chile, Peru, and Bolivia meet, was a region of little interest in the late nineteenth century until European research on the use of nitrates in fertilizers and explosives rendered the droppings of millions of sea birds a valuable commodity. In a move that echoed the California Gold Rush, the three neighboring countries soon battled for control of the region. In 1879, a comparatively modern and powerful Chile seized Bolivia's coastal province, and a secret alliance between Peru and Bolivia soon led to a full-scale war, one which saw the employment of much new military technology. Using such new weapons as the breech-loading rifle, rapid-fire cannon, ironclad warships, torpedoes, and electronic mines, Chile quickly crushed the allied armies, but a guerrilla war would drag on for years. While the three armies fought over some of the most inhospitable terrain imaginable, from burning, waterless deserts to snow-clogged mountain passes at 15,000 feet, their governments bumbled and wrangled. In the end, the lure of easy wealth undermined the economies of all three nations and served no good purpose when the market for nitrates soon evaporated, leaving all three much poorer for the experience.
The South American Pacific War by Jonathan S. Swift Pdf
Peru and Bolivia were decisively beaten by Chile during the War of the Pacific, 1879-1884 and as a direct consequence of this humiliating defeat they suffered extensive territorial losses, including the entire Bolivia coastline. The territories lost contained valuable nitrate and guano deposits, which were exploited by Chile, at a most fortuitous time for the rapidly-degenerating Chilean economy.Why should countries of similar colonial backgrounds which had co-operated in the defeat of Spanish forces in the early-mid nineteenth century, find themselves at war towards the end of that same century? This book attempts to answer this question, and also explain why the allied forces of Peru and Bolivia were defeated by Chile - even though contemporary commentators favored Peru as the stronger of the three, and consequently Chile was not expected to win in a conflict against Peru, especially when Bolivian forces were also aligned against them. The War of the Pacific was the first modern war to be fought in Latin America; the lessons of the American Civil War (1861-1865) and the Franco - Prussian War (1870-1871) appear to have been largely lost on Peru and Bolivia. It was a war dominated firstly by ironclad battleships, and then by rifled artillery, primitive machine-guns, the first modern infantry rifles, railways, and the telegraph. The battles (on land and at sea) are examined in detail; however, the key to the war was control of the sea, and once this had been lost to Chile, defeat for Peru and Bolivia was all but inevitable.The first part of this book examines the social structure, political institutions and economies of the three nations. It finishes with an analysis of the external political and diplomatic strategies of each nation, and the growing role played by the European powers (principally Great Britain), and the USA. It shows how the interlinked diplomatic strategies and economic objectives brought conflict ever - closer, and ultimately made it all but inevitable.Next the military capabilities of the three nations involved is examined: a comparison of the armed forces involved in the conflict, and the weaponry with which each side was equipped. This comparative analysis begins with an examination of the naval forces available to Peru and Chile - Bolivia had no navy, even when she still had a coastline.The last two parts of the book chart the progress of the war through two basic phases: (1) the Chilean occupation of the Bolivian littoral and town of Antofagasta and the subsequent naval campaigns, and (2) the Chilean land invasion of Peru, and then the progressive land campaigns that resulted in the capture of the capital, Lima. Whilst the war did not officially finish with the Chilean capture of Lima in 1881, this is the point at which the book concludes. From this point until the signing of the final peace treaty, the Chilean occupation forces were plagued by a very successful guerrilla campaign led by Colonel Andrés Cáceres, the most successful Peruvian field commander during the war.
Russo-Turkish Naval War 1877-1878 by Piotr Olender Pdf
The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Orthodox coalition led by the Russian Empire and composed of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. Fought in the Balkans and in the Caucasus, it originated in emerging 19th-century Balkan nationalism. Additional factors included Russian hopes of recovering territorial losses suffered during the Crimean War, re-establishing itself in the Black Sea and supporting the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire. The background, operations and outcomes are described in detail. All the ships involved, both Russian and Turkish, are described and illustrated with full technical specifications. Profusely illustrated with scale drawings (side views) and illustrations.
Sino-French Naval War 1884-1885 by Piotr Olender Pdf
This new book covers the Sino-French Naval War 1884-1885, a little-known part of late 19th century naval history. The background, operations and outcomes are described in detail. All the ships involved, both French and Chinese, are described and illustrated with full technical specifications. Profusely illustrated with scale drawings and photos.
The Pacific War was one of the greatest and bloodiest war ever on the west part of South America, and is one of the most important conflicts in South American history. The Pacific War was one of the greatest and bloodiest war ever on the west part of South America, and is one of the most important conflicts in South American history. It is also known as the 'Saltpeter War' or the 'Guano War' because the possession of these two highly profitable nitrates was the main cause of the conflict. This book examines the troops, uniforms and equipment used by the Chilean, Peruvian and Bolivian forces and traces the events of the war from the early naval blockades, through major pitched battles, to the final guerilla campaign in occupied Peru. The war ended in total victory for Chile, and that country's military emergence thereafter as 'the Prussia of South America', while it cost Peru some lucrative provinces, and Bolivia its outlet to the Pacific coast. A lavishly illustrated book with original plates by artist Angel Garcia Pinto
The Naval Service of Canada by Gilbert Norman Tucker Pdf
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
World War II in the Pacific by Stanley Sandler Pdf
Stanley Sandler, one of America's most respected and best-known military historians, has brought together over 300 entries by some 200 specialists in the field to create the first encyclopedia specifically devoted to the Pacific Theatre of World War II. Extending far beyond battles and hardware, the coverage ranges from high policy-making, grand strategy, and the significant persons and battles of the conflict, to the organization of the Allied and Japanese divisions, aircraft, armor, artillery, psychological warfare, warships, and the home fronts, covering the interactions of each topic along the way.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, colonial powers clashed over much of Central and East Asia: Great Britain and Germany fought over New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, Fiji, and Samoa; France and Great Britain competed over control of continental Southwest Asia; and the United States annexed the Philippines and Hawaii. Meanwhile, the possible disintegration of China and Japan’s growing nationalism added new dimensions to the rivalries. Surveying these and other international developments in the Pacific basin during the three decades preceding World War I, Kees van Dijk traces the emergence of superpowers during the colonial race and analyzes their conduct as they struggled for territory. Extensive in scope, Pacific Strife is a fascinating look at a volatile moment in history.
French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914 by Stephen S. Roberts Pdf
“This outstanding book will be essential for future studies of naval policy in the period between la Gloire and the Great War.” —The Naval Review This book is the first comprehensive listing in English of more than 1400 warships that were added to the official French navy fleet list between 1 January 1859 and World War I. It includes everything from the largest battleships to a small armoured gunboat that looked like a floating egg. Reflecting the main phases of naval policy, the ships are listed in three separate parts to keep contemporary designs together and then by ship type and class. For each class the book provides a design history explaining why the ships were built, substantial technical characteristics for the ships as completed and after major reconstructions, and selected career milestones including the ultimate fate of each ship. Following the earlier volumes written jointly with Rif Winfield, French Warships in the Age of Sail 1626–1786 and French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861, this trilogy now provides a complete picture of the development of French warships over a period of almost three centuries. “As a technical reference on the French ships of 1859 to 1914, this book is a must for the serious naval architecture student, modeler, or enthusiast. So much solid information is packed in this book, arranged logically, clearly and with so many illustrations, I cannot see where another volume on this subject can compete. Highly recommended!” —Nautical Research Journal “Superlatives abound in describing this book, arguably the finest naval ‘shiplist’ ever created.” —Warship International