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Author : Ole Jacob Sending
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015-12-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780472119639
A groundbreaking analysis that sheds new light on global governance
Author : Stephen P. Turner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781134644230
This book collects case studies and theoretical papers on expertise, focusing on four major themes: legitimation, the aggregation of knowledge, the distribution of knowledge and the distribution of power. It focuses on the institutional means by which the distribution of knowledge and the distribution of power are connected, and how the problems of aggregating knowledge and legitimating it are solved by these structures. The radical novelty of this approach is that it places the traditional discussion of expertise in democracy into a much larger framework of knowledge and power relations, and in addition begins to raise the questions of epistemology that a serious account of these problems requires.
Author : Zeynep Pamuk
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2021-12-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691218939
A new model for the relationship between science and democracy that spans policymaking, the funding and conduct of research, and our approach to new technologies Our ability to act on some of the most pressing issues of our time, from pandemics and climate change to artificial intelligence and nuclear weapons, depends on knowledge provided by scientists and other experts. Meanwhile, contemporary political life is increasingly characterized by problematic responses to expertise, with denials of science on the one hand and complaints about the ignorance of the citizenry on the other. Politics and Expertise offers a new model for the relationship between science and democracy, rooted in the ways in which scientific knowledge and the political context of its use are imperfect. Zeynep Pamuk starts from the fact that science is uncertain, incomplete, and contested, and shows how scientists’ judgments about what is significant and useful shape the agenda and framing of political decisions. The challenge, Pamuk argues, is to ensure that democracies can expose and contest the assumptions and omissions of scientists, instead of choosing between wholesale acceptance or rejection of expertise. To this end, she argues for institutions that support scientific dissent, proposes an adversarial “science court” to facilitate the public scrutiny of science, reimagines structures for funding scientific research, and provocatively suggests restricting research into dangerous new technologies. Through rigorous philosophical analysis and fascinating examples, Politics and Expertise moves the conversation beyond the dichotomy between technocracy and populism and develops a better answer for how to govern and use science democratically.
Author : Annabelle Littoz-Monnet
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134879717
This edited volume advances existing research on the production and use of expert knowledge by international bureaucracies. Given the complexity, technicality and apparent apolitical character of the issues dealt with in global governance arenas, ‘evidence-based’ policy-making has imposed itself as the best way to evaluate the risks and consequences of political action in global arenas. In the absence of alternative, democratic modes of legitimation, international organizations have adopted this approach to policy-making. By treating international bureaucracies as strategic actors, this volume address novel questions: why and how do international bureaucrats deploy knowledge in policy-making? Where does the knowledge they use come from, and how can we retrace pathways between the origins of certain ideas and their adoption by international administrations? What kind of evidence do international bureaucrats resort to, and with what implications? Which types of knowledge are seen as authoritative, and why? This volume makes a crucial contribution to our understanding of the way global policy agendas are shaped and propagated. It will be of great interest to scholars, policy-makers and practitioners in the fields of public policy, international relations, global governance and international organizations.
Author : Miguel A. Centeno,Patricio Silva
Publisher : Springer
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781349261857
The ascendancy of technocratic personnel and their imposition of neo-liberal economic policies have come to define Latin American politics in the 1980s and 1990s. This book is the first comparative analysis of these events and their implications for the future of democracy on the continent. Individual chapters discuss the rise to power of these technocrats in Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, and Peru as well as the historical antecedents of expert rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Author : Frank Fischer
Publisher : SAGE Publications, Incorporated
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Education
ISBN : UOM:39015015508842
This book describes the role of technological experts and expertise in a democratic society. It places decision-making strategies - studied in organization theory and policy studies - into a political context. Fischer brings theory to bear on the practical technocratic concerns of these disciplines and hopes to facilitate the development of nontechnocratic discourse within these fields. The book adopts a critical perspective and addresses the restructuring of the policy sciences.
Author : Bruce Allen Bimber,Associate Professor of Political Science Bruce Bimber
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1996-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0791430596
Examines the relationship between technical experts and elected officials, challenging the prevailing view about how experts become politicized by the policy process.
Author : Riccardo Emilio Chesta
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000334913
Based on mixed-methods research and ethnographic fieldwork at various sites in Italy, this book examines the relationship between expertise and activism in grassroots environmentalism. Presenting interviews with citizens, activists and experts, it considers activism surrounding infrastructure in urban areas, in connection with water management, transport, tour- ism and waste disposal. Through comparisons between different political environments, the author analyses the ways in which citizens, political activists and technical experts participate in using expertise, shedding light on the effects of this on the structure and composition of social movements, as well as the implications for the mechanisms of participation and the formation of alliances. Bridging the sociology of expertise and contentious politics, this study of the relationship between contentious expertise and democratic accountability shows how conflict transforms, rather than inhibits, expertise production into a ‘contentious politics by other means’. As such, it will appeal to social scientists with interests in social movements, environmental sociology, science and technology studies, and the sociology of knowledge.
Author : Annabelle Littoz-Monnet
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-11-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108843928
A unique analysis of bioethical expertise, 'expert knowledge' which claims authority in the ethical analysis of issues relating to science and technology.
Author : Xufeng Zhu
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0367584417
Although China is characterized as an authoritarian state, there is a great deal of consultation in the policy making process. This involves many experts who are based in think tanks or similar institutions. The degree of access to the policy making process varies, and so some experts influence the policy making process significantly.
Author : Matthew Hilton,James McKay,Jean-François Mouhot,Nicholas Crowson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199691876
Offers a challenging new interpretation of politics in contemporary Britain through an examination of non-governmental organisations. Demonstrate how politics and political activism has changed over the last half century.
Author : Berit Bliesemann de Guevara,Roland Kostic
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2018-02-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351241434
Knowledge about violent conflict and international intervention is political. It involves power struggles over the objects of knowing (problematization/silencing), how they are known (epistemic practices), and what interpretations are taken into account in policymaking and implementation. This book unearths the politics, power and performances involved in the social construction of seemingly neutral concepts such as facts, truth and authenticity in knowing about violent conflict and international intervention. Contributors foreground problems of physical and social access to information, explore practices generating knowledge actors’ authority and legitimacy, and analyse struggles over competing policy narratives. A first set of chapters focuses on the social construction of facts, truth and authenticity through studies of militia research in the DR Congo, politicians’ on-site visits in intervention theatres in the Balkans and Afghanistan, and the epistemic practices of Human Rights Watch and comics journalism. A second set of contributions analyses the strategic side of knowledge through case studies of diplomatic counterinsurgency in Bosnia and Herzegovina, African governments’ active role in the ‘bunkerization’ of international aid workers, and authoritarian peacebuilding as a challenge to the liberal power/knowledge regime in world politics. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding.
Author : Andrew Rich
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2004-04-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780521830294
While the number of think tanks active in American politics has more than quadrupled since the 1970s, their influence has not expanded proportionally. Instead, the known ideological proclivities of many, especially newer think tanks with their aggressive efforts to obtain high profiles, have come to undermine the credibility with which experts and expertise are generally viewed by public officials. This book explains this paradox. The analysis is based on 135 in-depth interviews with officials at think tanks and those in the policy making and funding organizations that draw upon and support their work. The book reports on results from a survey of congressional staff and journalists and detailed case studies of the role of experts in health care and telecommunications reform debates in the 1990s and tax reduction in 2001.
Author : Tom Nichols
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2024
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780197763834
"In the early 1990s, a small group of "AIDS denialists," including a University of California professor named Peter Duesberg, argued against virtually the entire medical establishment's consensus that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was the cause of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Science thrives on such counterintuitive challenges, but there was no evidence for Duesberg's beliefs, which turned out to be baseless. Once researchers found HIV, doctors and public health officials were able to save countless lives through measures aimed at preventing its transmission"--
Author : Päivi Leino-Sandberg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1108828434