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Author : Oxford Business Group Publisher : Oxford Business Group Page : 372 pages File Size : 46,9 Mb Release : 2014-05-21 Category : Economic history ISBN : 9781910068038
The Report: Indonesia 2014 by Oxford Business Group Pdf
On the cusp of 2014 national elections and the 2015 integration of the ASEAN Economic Community, Indonesia is poised to continue its rapid economic expansion. While the country’s natural resources are still plentiful, by channelling foreign direct investment into the right areas, the government is ensuring that true potential, in terms of value and manufacturing, is achieved. By inviting targeted investment and adapting existing regulatory frameworks, the government has taken significant steps to facilitate foreign investment and the development of value-added industries. Indonesia is a country renowned for its abundance of natural resources, which include oil, gas, coal, nickel, tin, copper, gold and silver. While slightly down on the previous year, the country’s total oil production for 2012 stood at 861,000 barrels per day, accounting for approximately 1.2% of the world’s oil production. Indonesia remains the world’s largest exporter of thermal coal, exporting a total of 304m tonnes in 2012 to countries such as Japan, South Korea, China and India. The country continues to be the dominant nation in South-east Asia politically and economically, and its participation within ASEAN in particular will likely determine the shape of regional integration, with the introduction of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015 looming as the bloc’s next major milestone.
Author : Oxford Business Group Publisher : Oxford Business Group Page : 346 pages File Size : 43,6 Mb Release : 2015-05-21 Category : Economic history ISBN : 9781910068335
The Report: Indonesia 2015 by Oxford Business Group Pdf
With the application of the right policies, Indonesia could return to growth above 6%, and perhaps eventually reach the 7% target set by the new president. The government intends to double expenditure in the key areas of public works, transport and agriculture, and new plans include the construction of 2600 km of roads, 15 airports, 24 ports, 3258 km of railway and the addition of around 35,000 MW to the state electricity company’s current capacity. The investments to be made in infrastructure have the potential to boost the economy in both the short and long term. A shift to more investment and less consumption would help lead to more sustainable growth and insulate the country from external shocks. Already the numbers are starting to head in the right direction.
The Report: Indonesia 2017 by Oxford Business Group Pdf
Although Chinese and global demand, low commodity prices and rising wages will continue to challenge trade growth in 2016, Indonesia remains on a positive trajectory. Rising domestic demand, increasing liberalization measures, improvements to the investment climate and a shift towards value-added production will bolster both exports and investment. At the same time, new trade agreements with the world's largest economies look set to drive long-term trade expansion. Prudent government policy, an ambitious reform agenda and rising recognition of the role of the private sector should help to keep investment and trade stable in 2016, and despite exports and growth have dipped in recent years, the country is well positioned to make the crucible transformation from a consumption- to investment-based economy.
In 2018 the Indonesian economy recorded a growth rate of 5.2%, the highest in five years. This was in spite of a slump in the rupiah and a trade imbalance, and took place against a backdrop of rising US interest rates and deteriorating trade relations between the world’s two biggest economies. The country’s emphasis on industrialisation and infrastructure development is laying the foundations for continued economic growth. Moreover, the archipelago’s growing middle class population, geographical position and human capital development agenda, alongside progress in free-trade agreements, make it a strong contender on the global economic stage. The country holds considerable potential for developing entrepreneurial and creative prowess, already being home to four unicorn startups. Investors have continued to look beyond traditional destinations, with emerging cities like Surabaya and Palembang showing strong possibilities for economic growth. Although the outcome of the April 2019 national election will determine the course of further infrastructure development and tax reforms, the future looks promising, with predictions of continued growth accompanied by stable inflation.
In 2004 the Indonesian government made a commitment to provide its entire population with health insurance coverage through a mandatory public health insurance scheme. It has moved boldly already provides coverage to an estimated 76.4 million poor and near poor, funded through the public budget. Nevertheless, over half the population still lacks health insurance coverage, and the full fiscal impacts of the government's program for the poor have not been fully assessed or felt. In addition, significant deficiencies in the efficiency and equity of the current health system, unless addressed will exacerbate cost pressures and could preclude the effective implementation of universal coverage (Ue and the desired result of improvements in population health outcomes and financial protection. For Indonesia to achieve UC, systems' performance must be improved and key policy choices with respect to the configuration of the health financing system must be made. Indonesia's health system performs well with respect to some health outcomes and financial protection, but there is potential for significant improvement. High-level political decisions are necessary on key elements of the health financing reform package. The key transitional questions to get there include: [ the benefits that can be afforded and their impacts on health outcomes and financial protection; [ how the more than 50 percent of those currently without coverage will be insured; [ how to pay medical care providers to assure access, efficiency, and quality; [ developing a streamlined and efficient administrative structure; [ how to address the current supply constraints to assure availability of promised services; [ how to raise revenues to finance the system, including the program for the poor as well as currently uninsured groups that may require government subsidization such as the more than 60 million informal sector workers, the 85 percent of workers in firms of less than five employees, and the 70 percent of the population living in rural areas.
The Global Findex Database 2017 by Asli Demirguc-Kunt,Leora Klapper,Dorothe Singer,Saniya Ansar Pdf
In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.
Immigration Detention by Amy Nethery,Stephanie J Silverman Pdf
Before the turn of the century, few states used immigration detention. Today, nearly every state around the world has adopted immigration detention policy in some form. States practice detention as a means to address both the accelerating numbers of people crossing their borders, and the populations residing in their states without authorisation. This edited volume examines the contemporary diffusion of immigration detention policy throughout the world and the impact of this expansion on the prospects of protection for people seeking asylum. It includes contributions by immigration detention experts working in Australasia, the Americas, Europe, Africa and the Middle East. It is the first to set out a systematic comparison of immigration detention policy across these regions and to examine how immigration detention has become a ubiquitous part of border and immigration control strategies globally. In so doing, the volume presents a global perspective on the diversity of immigration detention policies and practices, how these circumstances developed, and the human impact of states exchanging individuals’ rights to liberty for the collective assurance of border and immigration control. This text will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners of immigration, migration, public administration, comparative policy studies, comparative politics and international political economy.
In conjunction with Singapore's 50th birthday in August 2015, 50 Years of Environment: Singapore's Journey Towards Environmental Sustainability takes the reader through Singapore's environmental journey over the past 50 years, to its present day challenges and solutions, and seeks to explore what lies ahead for Singapore's environmental future. This book is divided into three parts. The first, drawn largely from the book Clean, Green and Blue: Singapore's Journey Towards Environmental and Water Sustainability, will explore the historical developments in Singapore's environmental journey and the development of NEWater. The second part will be a collection of essays that examine the present environmental challenges that Singapore faces and the ways in which it is addressing those issues through community engagement, international engagement, research and technology, and industry solutions in order to develop sustainable strategies and solutions. Part Three will bring the book to a close by tying the historical and contemporary threads together and discusses the future challenges for Singapore's environment. Contents:EndorsementsPrefaceAbout the EditorAbout the ContributorsAppreciationJourney to the Present:Reflections on Singapore's Environmental Journey (Tan Yong Soon, Lee Tung Jean and Karen Tan)Cleaning the Land and Rivers (Tan Yong Soon, Lee Tung Jean and Karen Tan)Applying Economic Principles to Environmental Policy (Tan Yong Soon, Lee Tung Jean and Karen Tan)The Search for NEWater: The Singapore Water Story (Lee Ek Tieng)Environmental Planning For Sustainable Development (Tan Yong Soon)Present Challenges:Frontier Research in Environment and Water: Integrated Research Approach for Sustainable Solutions (Lee Lai Yoke and Ong Choon Nam)Energy Transitions — Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Challenges in the Tropics (Nilesh Y Jadhav, Subodh Mhaisalkar and Hans B (Teddy) Püttgen)Developing a Vibrant Sustainable Energy Industry (Edwin Khew, Christophe Inglin, Sanjay Kuttan and Low Kian Beng)Community Engagement to Promote Environmental Ownership and Secure Our Future (Chew Gek Khim)Island in the World: Singapore's Environment and the International Dimensions (Simon Tay and Cheong Poh Kwan)Moving into the Future:Environmental Sustainability and Sustainable Development (Tan Yong Soon and Kwek Leng Joo) Readership: General readers who are interested in learning more about Singapore's environmental journey, present day developments, and the potential environmental challenges in the future. Key Features:Contains a great variety of contributions from leading individuals in the public, private and people sectors, and leading academics at the forefront of environmental research and developmentProvides a good overview of Singapore's history in improving environmental conditions, present challenges, and possible future developments for Singapore's environmentSuitable for a variety of readers, ranging from the general reader to academics and practitionersKeywords:Singapore;Environment;Sustainability;R&DReview: "Singapore's transformation from an impoverished and polluted island to the world's beacon of environmental progress has been nothing short of miraculous. Miracles, however, are hard to repeat elsewhere, therefore, we are very fortunate that Singapore's environmental transformation was not at all a miracle. Instead, it happened thanks to clever and consistent strategies and brilliant execution. Over the last 30 years, as I got to gradually know the Singapore miracle workers and their methods, I often prayed that other jurisdictions would learn the steps involved. This book about the Singapore miracle provides an opportunity for environmental leaders everywhere to extract the policies and procedures they need to bring about progress in their own jurisdiction." Dr Andrew Benedek Founder, Chairman and CEO of ZENON Environmental Inc. and Anaergia Inc. Winner of the inaugural Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize in 2008 "For a seriously resource-constrained nation, Singapore has come a long way since its independence in 1965. Very few people, if any, 50 years ago would have predicted that this city-state would become the envy of the world by 2015. While everyone knows and admires the remarkable progress of the past half century, not many people are familiar with the achievements in the field of environment and the enabling conditions that made this possible. One of the very few serious studies that is available is Tan Yong Soon's earlier book Clean, Green and Blue: Singapore's Journey Towards Environmental and Water Sustainability. The present text is a worthy complement that adds to the in-depth analysis of this important journey. The book is strongly recommended." Professor Asit K Biswas Distinguished Visiting Professor Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore and Co-founder, Third World Centre for Water Management, Mexico "This book charts a 50-year visionary journey that began on the right foot, with recognition that sustainable economic growth and a clean environment are mutually reinforcing goals. Over these decades, Singapore has moved from cleaning up the land and rivers, through controlling pollution and meeting water needs, to the current use of cutting-edge research and technology to build clean and renewable energy for the future. With the city-state now ranking near the top of the world in terms of environmental standards, the book offers many lessons for other countries looking for ways to meet the growing demand for water and energy while preserving a health-promoting environment." Dr Margaret Chan Director-General, World Health Organization "Singapore celebrates its 50th anniversary of nationhood in a milestone year as countries of the world come together to agree a climate-safe path to sustainable development. Since its establishment, Singapore has sought to leverage sound environmental stewardship and social engagement into prosperity and growth. Singapore has been remarkably successful. The 50 Years of Environment publication demonstrates how progressive policy such as ecologically sound natural resource management, incentives to innovate and emphasis on clean development are at the heart of this vibrant modern economy. This is a welcome addition to the global dialogue on development as a powerful case study for what is possible. As governments move towards a set of Sustainable Development Goals and a new, universal climate change agreement in Paris this year, the knowledge and experiences in this book showcase real world policy success and inspire the world." Ms Christiana Figueres Executive Secretary, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change "Singapore's success in becoming a developed country and, at the sametime, taking good care of its environment, is a vindication of what we were trying to achieve at the 1992 Earth Summit. This important book explains how Singapore did it and outlines present and future challenges as Singapore continues its journey into environmental sustainability and sustainable development." Professor Tommy Koh Chairman, Preparatory Committee and Chairman, Main Committee UN Conference on Environment and Development 2006 Champion of the Earth, awarded by UNEP 2006 President's Award for the Environment, Singapore "Singapore is well known globally for its brilliant economic success story. It deserves to be equally well-known for its environmental success story. It is truly remarkable that unlike other successful economies, Singapore did not sacrifice its environment in pursuit of economic growth. This is why this book edited by Tan Yong Soon could not be more timely. The world can learn a lot of lessons from this volume." Professor Kishore Mahbubani Dean, LKY School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, and author of The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World "With a population density of around 7,500 people to the square kilometre, Singapore is one of the most densely populated countries on Earth. This book of essays by some of those most closely involved shows how the country evolved through half a century of commitment and foresight into one of the world's most liveable cities with green spaces and fresh water and how it is addressing present environmental challenges to develop sustainable strategies and solutions. Others take notice and follow!" Lord Ronald Oxburgh Former Rector of Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine (1993–2000) Former Chairman of the UK House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology (2000–2004) Honorary President of the Carbon Capture and Storage Association
Contention and Regime Change in Asia by Linda Maduz Pdf
In undemocratic settings, where modes of political participation and interest mediation are severely limited, protest may become a major form of political action. When and why does popular upsurge occur in such a setting? What form does it take and what do people ask for? When does protest become regime-threatening? And how does the authoritarian government react? This book explains the dynamics we observe during regime change facing high contention, in which much is at stake both for those in power and their challengers. Focussing on the experiences of democratizing countries in Asia, the author shows that even in the chaotic context of regime change there are regularities in when and how people mobilize. The book applies concepts and methods used in social movement research to the study of regime change and is based on a newly collected protest event dataset of 20 years for Indonesia, South Korea, and Thailand.
Teacher Reform in Indonesia by Mae Chu Chang,Sheldon Shaeffer,Samer Al-Samarrai,Andrew B. Ragatz,Joppe de Ree,Ritchie Stevenson Pdf
The book features an analysis of teacher reform in Indonesia, which entailed a doubling of teacher salaries upon certification. It describes the political economy context in which the reform was developed and implemented, and analyzes the impact of the reform on teacher knowledge, skills, and student outcomes.
OECD Development Pathways Social Protection System Review of Indonesia by OECD Pdf
Indonesia has made impressive progress in reducing income inequality and improving living standards since the Asian Financial Crisis but the decline in poverty has slowed in recent years while inequality has risen and a large part of the population remains vulnerable.
Realizing Indonesia's Economic Potential by Mr.Luis E Breuer,Mr.Jaime Guajardo,Mr.Tidiane Kinda Pdf
Analytical work on Indonesian macroeconomic and financial issues, with an overarching theme on building institutions and policies for prosperity and inclusive growth. The book begins with a 20-year economic overview by former Finance Minister Chatib Basri, with subsequent chapters covering diverse sectors of the economy as well as Indonesia’s place in the global economy.
Human Rights Culture in Indonesia by Maksimus Regus Pdf
Drawing on human rights discourse and a study of the difficulties faced by religious minority groups (using the Ahmadiyya minority group as a case study), this book presents three interconnected challenges to human rights culture in Indonesia. First, it presents a normative challenge, describing the gap between philosophical and normative principles of human rights on one side and the overall problems and critical issues of human rights at national and local levels on the other. Second, it considers the political problems in developing and strengthening human rights culture. The political challenge addresses the ability (or inability) of the state to guarantee the rights of certain individuals and minority groups. Third, it examines the sociological challenge of majority-minority group relationships in human rights discourse and practices. This book describes the background of human rights in Indonesia and reviews the previous literature on the issue. It also presents a comprehensive review of the discourses about human rights and political changes in contemporary Indonesia. The analysis focuses on how human rights challenges affect the situation of religious minorities, looking in particular at the Ahmadiyya as a minority group that experiences human rights violations such as discrimination, persecution, and violence. The study fills out its treatment of these issues by examining the involvement of actors both from the state and society, addressing also the politics of human rights protection.
Drugs Law and Legal Practice in Southeast Asia by Tim Lindsey,Pip Nicholson Pdf
Drugs Law and Legal Practice in Southeast Asia investigates criminal law and practice relevant to drugs regulation in three Southeast Asian jurisdictions: Indonesia, Singapore and Vietnam. These jurisdictions represent a spectrum of approaches to drug regulation in Southeast Asia, highlighting differences in practice between civil and common law countries, and between liberal and authoritarian states. This book offers the first major English language empirical investigation and comparative analysis of regulation, jurisprudence, court procedure, and practices relating to drugs law enforcement in these three states.
Reviews of National Policies for Education Education in Indonesia Rising to the Challenge by OECD,Asian Development Bank Pdf
This report provides guidance on how Indonesia can consolidate gains in access to basic education and develop an education system that will support an economy in transition towards high-income status.