The Role Of Glia In Plasticity And Behavior

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The Role of Glia in Plasticity and Behavior

Vladimir Parpura,Tycho Hoogland
The Role of Glia in Plasticity and Behavior Book PDF

Author : Vladimir Parpura,Tycho Hoogland
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016-01-06
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889196906

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The Role of Glia in Plasticity and Behavior by Vladimir Parpura,Tycho Hoogland Pdf

Glial cells are no longer considered passive bystanders in neuronal brain circuits. Not only are they required for housekeeping and brain metabolism, they are active participants in regulating the physiological function and plasticity of brain circuits and the online control of behavior both in invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. In invertebrates, glial cells are essential for normal function of sensory organs (C. elegans) and necessary for the circadian regulation of locomotor activity (D. melanogaster). In the mamallian brain, astrocytes are implicated in the regulation of cortical brain rhythms and sleep homeostasis. Disruption of AMPA receptor function in a subset of glial cell types in mice shows behavioral deficits. Furthermore, genetic disruption of glial cell function can directly control behavioral output. Regulation of ionic gradients by glia can underlie bistability of neurons and can modulate the fidelity of synaptic transmission. Grafting of human glial progenitor cells in mouse forebrain results in human glial chimeric mice with enhanced plasticity and improved behavioral performance, suggesting that astrocytes have evolved to cope with information processing in more complex brains. Taken together, current evidence is strongly suggestive that glial cells are essential contributors to information processing in the brain. This Research Topic compiles recent research that shows how the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell function can be dissected, reviews their impact on plasticity and behavior across species and presents novel approaches to further probe their function.

Glial Cells

Peter R. Laming,Eva Syková
Glial Cells Book PDF

Author : Peter R. Laming,Eva Syková
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1998-06-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0521573688

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Glial Cells by Peter R. Laming,Eva Syková Pdf

This 1998 book discusses how neurons and glial cells interact with each other to influence behaviour.

Glial Cells

Peter R. Laming,Eva Syková,Andreas Reichenbach,Glenn I. Hatton,Herbert Bauer
Glial Cells Book PDF

Author : Peter R. Laming,Eva Syková,Andreas Reichenbach,Glenn I. Hatton,Herbert Bauer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2011-02-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0521183820

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Glial Cells by Peter R. Laming,Eva Syková,Andreas Reichenbach,Glenn I. Hatton,Herbert Bauer Pdf

In mammals the glial (or glue) cells contribute some fifty percent of the volume of the brain. In contrast to the traditional view that they have a purely physically supportive role, research in the past three decades has shown that glia interact morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically with neurons during changes in behavior. The evidence suggests that glia may modulate neuronal activity and thereby influence behavior. This is the first book that describes and discusses these neuronal-glial interactions in relation to behavior. A distinguished set of authors addresses these interactions from a number of viewpoints.

From Neurons to Neighborhoods

National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development
From Neurons to Neighborhoods Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2000-11-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309069885

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From Neurons to Neighborhoods by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development Pdf

How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury

Daniel Laskowitz,Gerald Grant
Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury Book PDF

Author : Daniel Laskowitz,Gerald Grant
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2015-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781498766579

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Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury by Daniel Laskowitz,Gerald Grant Pdf

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been disappointingly slow. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury attempts to integrate expertise from across specialties to address knowledge gaps in the field of TBI. Its chapters cover a wide scope of TBI research in five broad areas: Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Current treatment strategies and sequelae Future therapies Specific topics discussed include the societal impact of TBI in both the civilian and military populations, neurobiology and molecular mechanisms of axonal and neuronal injury, biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and their relationship to pathology, neuroplasticity after TBI, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, advanced neuroimaging of mild TBI, neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following mild TBI, sports-related TBI, epilepsy and PTSD following TBI, and more. The book integrates the perspectives of experts across disciplines to assist in the translation of new ideas to clinical practice and ultimately to improve the care of the brain injured patient.

Glial Plasticity in Depression

João F. Oliveira,Catarina A. Gomes,Sandra H. Vaz,Nuno Sousa,Luisa Pinto
Glial Plasticity in Depression Book PDF

Author : João F. Oliveira,Catarina A. Gomes,Sandra H. Vaz,Nuno Sousa,Luisa Pinto
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 101 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-24
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
ISBN : 9782889199990

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Glial Plasticity in Depression by João F. Oliveira,Catarina A. Gomes,Sandra H. Vaz,Nuno Sousa,Luisa Pinto Pdf

Major depression is a highly prevalent disorder that poses a significant social burden in society nowadays. The pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood but growing evidence suggests that impaired neuron and glial plasticity may be a key underlying mechanism for the precipitation of the disorder. One of the most surprising findings in this field was the involvement of glial cells in the pathophysiology of major depression and in the action of antidepressants, namely in mechanisms related with adult neurogenesis imbalances or dendritic arborization impairments. In particular, several works refer to alterations in the morphology and numbers of astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes in the context of depression in human patients or animal models of depression. These observations were linked to functional evidences and suggested to underlie the pathophysiology of depression. Among others, these include impairments in the cross-talk between glia and neurons, changes in the level of neurotransmitter or immunoactive substances, myelination status, synapse formation, maintenance, or elimination. In addition to the implication of glia in the pathophysiology of depression, a number of studies is ascribing glia pathways to classically accepted antidepressant mechanisms. Therefore, it is noteworthy to elucidate the role of glia in the effect provided by antidepressant treatment in order to better understand secondary effects and elucidate alternative targets for treatment.

Neural Plasticity and Memory

Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
Neural Plasticity and Memory Book PDF

Author : Federico Bermudez-Rattoni
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2007-04-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781420008418

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Neural Plasticity and Memory by Federico Bermudez-Rattoni Pdf

A comprehensive, multidisciplinary review, Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging provides an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of the study of the neurobiology of memory. Leading specialists share their scientific experience in the field, covering a wide range of topics where molecular, genetic, behavioral, and brain imaging techniq

The Hippocampus

Ales Stuchlik
The Hippocampus Book PDF

Author : Ales Stuchlik
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789233568

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The Hippocampus by Ales Stuchlik Pdf

The hippocampus is an important brain region, a true central hub for memory of various kinds and other processes. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, drug addiction, and schizophrenia are characterized by hippocampal alterations. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a site exhibiting adult neurogenesis. This book covers the topic of the hippocampus from various perspectives. It discusses adult neurogenesis, effect of enriched environments on hippocampal plasticity, and long-term potentiation-associated gene expression. The book also addresses multiscale representations of complex environments and strategies in the hippocampus-dependent spatial tasks. Finally, insight into the hippocampus as a link between negative affect and relapse to psychostimulants is provided. The book collects evidence of various hippocampal functions in healthy and disordered brain.

Enteric Glia

Brian D. Gulbransen
Enteric Glia Book PDF

Author : Brian D. Gulbransen
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2014-07-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615046614

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Enteric Glia by Brian D. Gulbransen Pdf

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography

Brain Neurotrauma

Firas H. Kobeissy
Brain Neurotrauma Book PDF

Author : Firas H. Kobeissy
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 718 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781466565999

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Brain Neurotrauma by Firas H. Kobeissy Pdf

With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS

Anonim
Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 993 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780123973481

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Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS by Anonim Pdf

The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells

The Synapse

Virginia M. Pickel,Menahem Segal
The Synapse Book PDF

Author : Virginia M. Pickel,Menahem Segal
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780124186828

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The Synapse by Virginia M. Pickel,Menahem Segal Pdf

The Synapse summarizes recent advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of synaptic transmission and provides new insights into neuronal plasticity and the cellular basis of neurological diseases. Part 1 provides an in-depth look at structural differences and distribution of various pre- and post-synaptic proteins found at glutamatergic synapses. Part 2 is dedicated to dendritic spines and their associated perisynaptic glia, which together constitute the tripartite synapse. The spines are portrayed as major sites for calcium sequestration and local protein synthesis. Part 3 highlights the important regional and cellular differences between glutamatergic transmission and that of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and acetylcholine that are commonly found in axon terminals without synaptic membrane specializations. Part 4 provides an overview of the synapse from the time of formation to degeneration under the powerful influence of aging or hormonal decline that leads to severe deficits in cognitive function. Each chapter is illustrated with drawings and images derived from calcium imaging, electron microscopic immunolabeling, or electrophysiology. This book is a valuable reference for neuroscientists and clinical neurologists in both research and clinical settings. A comprehensive reference focused on the structure and function of the synapse Covers the links between the synapse and neural plasticity and the cellular basis of neurologic disease Detailed coverage of dendritic spines and associated perisynaptic glia—the tripartite synapse Includes in-depth coverage of synapse degeneration due to aging or hormonal decline related to severe cognitive impairment

Functional Brain Mapping: Methods and Aims

Vassiliy Tsytsarev,Vicky Yamamoto,Ning Zhong
Functional Brain Mapping Methods and Aims Book PDF

Author : Vassiliy Tsytsarev,Vicky Yamamoto,Ning Zhong
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811568831

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Functional Brain Mapping: Methods and Aims by Vassiliy Tsytsarev,Vicky Yamamoto,Ning Zhong Pdf

This book provides an essential overview of the broad range of functional brain imaging techniques, as well as neuroscientific methods suitable for various scientific tasks in fundamental and clinical neuroscience. It also shares information on novel methods in computational neuroscience, mathematical algorithms, image processing, and applications to neuroscience. The mammalian brain is a huge and complex network that consists of billions of neural and glial cells. Decoding how information is represented and processed by this neural network requires the ability to monitor the dynamics of large numbers of neurons at high temporal and spatial resolution over a large part of the brain. Functional brain optical imaging has seen more than thirty years of intensive development. Current light-using methods provide good sensitivity to functional changes through intrinsic contrast and are rapidly exploiting the growing availability of exogenous fluorescence probes. In addition, various types of functional brain optical imaging are now being used to reveal the brain’s microanatomy and physiology.

Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation

Michael E. Selzer,Stephanie Clarke,Leonardo G. Cohen,Gert Kwakkel (Professor),Robert H. Miller (Professor)
Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation Book PDF

Author : Michael E. Selzer,Stephanie Clarke,Leonardo G. Cohen,Gert Kwakkel (Professor),Robert H. Miller (Professor)
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 693 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Nervous system
ISBN : 9781107011670

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Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation by Michael E. Selzer,Stephanie Clarke,Leonardo G. Cohen,Gert Kwakkel (Professor),Robert H. Miller (Professor) Pdf

In two freestanding volumes, the Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation provides comprehensive coverage of the science and practice of neurological rehabilitation. Revised throughout, bringing the book fully up to date, this volume, Neural Repair and Plasticity, covers the basic sciences relevant to recovery of function following injury to the nervous system, reviewing anatomical and physiological plasticity in the normal central nervous system, mechanisms of neuronal death, axonal regeneration, stem cell biology, and research strategies targeted at axon regeneration and neuron replacement. New chapters have been added covering pathophysiology and plasticity in cerebral palsy, stem cell therapies for brain disorders and neurotrophin repair of spinal cord damage, along with numerous others. Edited and written by leading international authorities, it is an essential resource for neuroscientists and provides a foundation for the work of clinical rehabilitation professionals.

Synaptic Function

Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.)
Synaptic Function Book PDF

Author : Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.)
Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
Page : 808 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Neuroplasticity
ISBN : UOM:39015012457720

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Synaptic Function by Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.) Pdf

This book consists of five sections. The first section details methods for analyzing both presynaptic and postsynaptic function and emphasizes the molecular aspects of synapses. It describes ongoing studies of neurotransmitter release, voltage- sensitive ion channels, and electronic transmission at gap junctions. The second section focuses on the growing menagerie of neurotransmitters: their catagorization into chemical families, their relation to ion channels, their modulation by second messenger systems and their role in pharmacologic action. The third section considers the important relationship of transmitter diversity and synaptic types to the behavior of actual cellular networks. All of the studies described in these sections point to the necessity of considering interactions between anatomy, chemistry, physiology and pharmacology if synaptic function is to be understood at any one of these levels of analysis.