Thinking About Cognition

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Patterns, Thinking, and Cognition

Howard Margolis
Patterns Thinking and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Howard Margolis
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0226505286

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Patterns, Thinking, and Cognition by Howard Margolis Pdf

What happens when we think? How do people make judgments? While different theories abound—and are heatedly debated—most are based on an algorithmic model of how the brain works. Howard Margolis builds a fascinating case for a theory that thinking is based on recognizing patterns and that this process is intrinsically a-logical. Margolis gives a Darwinian account of how pattern recognition evolved to reach human cognitive abilities. Illusions of judgment—standard anomalies where people consistently misjudge or misperceive what is logically implied or really present—are often used in cognitive science to explore the workings of the cognitive process. The explanations given for these anomalous results have generally explained only the anomaly under study and nothing more. Margolis provides a provocative and systematic analysis of these illusions, which explains why such anomalies exist and recur. Offering empirical applications of his theory, Margolis turns to historical cases to show how an individual's cognitive repertoire—the available cognitive patterns and their relation to cues—changes or resists changes over time. Here he focuses on the change in worldview occasioned by the Copernican discovery: not only how an individual might come to see things in a radically new way, but how it is possible for that new view to spread and become the dominant one. A reanalysis of the trial of Galileo focuses on social cognition and its interactions with politics. In challenging the prevailing paradigm for understanding how the human mind works, Patterns, Thinking, and Cognition is certain to stimulate fruitful debate.

Thinking about Cognition: Concepts, Targets and Therapeutics

C.G. Kruse,H.Y. Meltzer,C. Sennef
Thinking about Cognition Concepts Targets and Therapeutics Book PDF

Author : C.G. Kruse,H.Y. Meltzer,C. Sennef
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2006-12-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781607502180

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Thinking about Cognition: Concepts, Targets and Therapeutics by C.G. Kruse,H.Y. Meltzer,C. Sennef Pdf

100 Years after the discovery of Alzheimer’s disease, neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders represent the largest and fastest growing unmet medical market with 2 billion affected people worldwide. Life expectancy of humans continues to increase, and the world population is aging. Advanced age may lead to deterioration of cognitive functions of the brain. There seems to be consensus that on the background of aging, several factors may render humans prone to dementia. Psychiatric and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or Parkinson’s disease may contribute to development of dementia. More people today are looking for help regarding their learning and memory capabilities. Although increasing knowledge on neuronal networks is transforming our view of the human brain and its function and we understand psychiatric and neurological diseases better today than ever before, novel therapies are needed to respond to the growing demand of patients for assistance with memory loss and learning impairment. In fact, it is expected that novel therapies aiming at the processing of amyloid, or at activation of glutamatergic or nicotinergic systems will demonstrate adequate efficacy in improving learning and memory disturbances. This publication stands as a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cognitive impairment. It integrates discoveries concerning dementia, such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease associated dementia, vascular dementia, retardation syndromes, and psychiatric and neurological disorders related cognitive impairments. This book will be useful to physicians, biologists, and those pursuing an interest or concerned with memory impairment. 100 Years after the discovery of Alzheimer’s disease, neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders represent the largest and fastest growing unmet medical market with 2 billion affected people worldwide. Life expectancy of humans continues to increase, and the world population is aging. Advanced age may lead to deterioration of cognitive functions of the brain. There seems to be consensus that on the background of aging, several factors may render humans prone to dementia. Psychiatric and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or Parkinson’s disease may contribute to development of dementia. More people today are looking for help regarding their learning and memory capabilities. Although increasing knowledge on neuronal networks is transforming our view of the human brain and its function and we understand psychiatric and neurological diseases better today than ever before, novel therapies are needed to respond to the growing demand of patients for assistance with memory loss and learning impairment. In fact, it is expected that novel therapies aiming at the processing of amyloid, or at activation of glutamatergic or nicotinergic systems will demonstrate adequate efficacy in improving learning and memory disturbances. This publication stands as a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cognitive impairment. It integrates discoveries concerning dementia, such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease associated dementia, vascular dementia, retardation syndromes, and psychiatric and neurological disorders related cognitive impairments. This book will be useful to physicians, biologists, and those pursuing an interest or concerned with memory impairment.

The Experience of Thinking

Christian Unkelbach,Rainer Greifeneder
The Experience of Thinking Book PDF

Author : Christian Unkelbach,Rainer Greifeneder
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-07
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781136157905

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The Experience of Thinking by Christian Unkelbach,Rainer Greifeneder Pdf

When retrieving a quote from memory, evaluating a testimony’s truthfulness, or deciding which products to buy, people experience immediate feelings of ease or difficulty, of fluency or disfluency. Such "experiences of thinking" occur with every cognitive process, including perceiving, processing, storing, and retrieving information, and they have been the defining element of a vibrant field of scientific inquiry during the last four decades. This book brings together the latest research on how such experiences of thinking influence cognition and behavior. The chapters present recent theoretical developments and describe the effects of these influences, as well as the practical implications of this research. The book includes contributions from the leading scholars in the field and provides a comprehensive survey of this expanding area. This integrative overview will be invaluable to researchers, teachers, students, and professionals in the field of social and cognitive psychology.

Seeing, Thinking and Knowing

A. Carsetti
Seeing Thinking and Knowing Book PDF

Author : A. Carsetti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2006-04-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781402020810

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Seeing, Thinking and Knowing by A. Carsetti Pdf

According to Putnam to talk of “facts” without specifying the language to be used is to talk of nothing; “object” itself has many uses and as we creatively invent new uses of words “we find that we can speak of ‘objects’that were not ‘values of any variable’in 1 any language we previously spoke” . The notion of object becomes, then, like the notion of reference, a sort of open land, an unknown territory. The exploration of this land - pears to be constrained by use and invention. But, we may wonder, is it possible to guide invention and control use? In what way, in particular, is it possible, at the level of na- ral language, to link together program expressions and natural evolution? To give an answer to these onerous questions we should immediately point out that cognition (as well as natural language) has to be considered first of all as a peculiar fu- tion of active biosystems and that it results from complex interactions between the - ganism and its surroundings. “In the moment an organism perceives an object of wh- ever kind, it immediately begins to ‘interpret’this object in order to react properly to it . . . It is not necessary for the monkey to perceive the tree in itself. . . What counts is sur- 2 vival” .

Cognition

Daniel T. Willingham
Cognition Book PDF

Author : Daniel T. Willingham
Publisher : Prentice Hall
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : UVA:X030104658

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Cognition by Daniel T. Willingham Pdf

This unique book helps readers understand why cognitive psychologists approach problems as they do. It explains the questions cognitive psychologists ask, gives clear answers, and provides interesting, lively and comprehensive coverage of controversies in the field. This book is a study of cognition: of how humans think. Topics covered include visual perception, attention, sensory and primary memory, memory encoding, memory retrieval, memory storage, motor control, visual imagery, decision making and deductive reasoning, problem solving, and language. For readers that are interested in understanding the mysteries of cognition, including psychiatrists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, and those in the field of cognitive neuroscience.

The Extended Mind

Richard Menary
The Extended Mind Book PDF

Author : Richard Menary
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Cognition
ISBN : 9780262014038

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The Extended Mind by Richard Menary Pdf

Leading scholars respond to the famous proposition by Andy Clark and David Chalmers that cognition and mind are not located exclusively in the head.

Thinking about Cognition

Robert J. Galavan,Kristian J. Sund
Thinking about Cognition Book PDF

Author : Robert J. Galavan,Kristian J. Sund
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781801178242

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Thinking about Cognition by Robert J. Galavan,Kristian J. Sund Pdf

Thinking About Cognition is a collection of contributions that discusses frontiers of managerial and organizational cognition research, addresses the challenges we face, aims to inspire other scholars, and provide guidance on how to proceed.

Thinking with Data

Marsha Lovett,Priti Shah
Thinking with Data Book PDF

Author : Marsha Lovett,Priti Shah
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780805854213

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Thinking with Data by Marsha Lovett,Priti Shah Pdf

First Published in 2007. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Feeling and Thinking

Joseph P. Forgas
Feeling and Thinking Book PDF

Author : Joseph P. Forgas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2001-06-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0521011892

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Feeling and Thinking by Joseph P. Forgas Pdf

Offers new insights on the fundamental links between affect and cognition.

Lines of Thought

Lance J. Rips
Lines of Thought Book PDF

Author : Lance J. Rips
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780195183054

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Lines of Thought by Lance J. Rips Pdf

How can we think about maths, despite the immateriality of numbers, sets, and other mathematical entities? How are we able to think about what might have happened if history had taken a different turn? Questions like these turn up in nearly every part of cognitive science and are central to our human position of having limited knowledge of what is true.

Thinking and Problem Solving

Robert J. Sternberg
Thinking and Problem Solving Book PDF

Author : Robert J. Sternberg
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1998-05-13
Category : Education
ISBN : 0126672601

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Thinking and Problem Solving by Robert J. Sternberg Pdf

Thinking and Problem-Solving presents a comprehensive and up-to-date review of literature on cognition, reasoning, intelligence, and other formative areas specific to this field. Written for advanced undergraduates, researchers, and academics, this volume is a necessary reference for beginning and established investigators in cognitive and educational psychology. Thinking and Problem-Solving provides insight into questions such as: how do people solve complex problems in mathematics and everyday life? How do we generate new ideas? How do we piece together clues to solve a mystery, categorize novel events, and teach others to do the same? Provides a comprehensive literature review Covers both historical and contemporary approaches Organized for ease of use and reference Chapters authored by leading scholars

Thinking and Perceiving

Dustin Stokes
Thinking and Perceiving Book PDF

Author : Dustin Stokes
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2021-05-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351747462

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Thinking and Perceiving by Dustin Stokes Pdf

Human beings are in contact with the world through their minds. One can make sensory perceptual contact with the world: One sees the tree and hears its leaves flutter. And one makes cognitive contact with the world: One forms beliefs about the tree, memories of how it was in the past, and expectations of how it will be in the future. Can the first, perception, be influenced in important ways by the second, cognition? Do cognitive states such as memories, beliefs, and expectations affect what one perceives through the senses? And what is the importance of these possible relations to how we theorize and understand the human mind? Possible cognitive influence on perception (sometimes called "cognitive penetration of perception") has been long debated in philosophy of mind and cognitive science: Some argue that such influence occurs, while others argue that it does not or cannot. In this excellent introduction and overview of the problem, Dustin Stokes examines the following: The philosophical and scientific background to cognition and perception Contemporary ways of distinguishing cognition and perception Questions about the representational content of perception versus cognition Distinct theories of mental architecture: modularity versus malleability Consequences for epistemology, philosophy of science, and aesthetics Philosophical and scientific research on perceptual attention Perceptual skill, learning, and expertise Perceptual content, objectivity, and cultural bias. Additional features, such as chapter summaries, suggestions for further reading, and a glossary, make Thinking and Perceiving an ideal resource for students of philosophy of mind and psychology, cognitive psychology, and cognitive science.

Cognitive Gadgets

Cecilia Heyes
Cognitive Gadgets Book PDF

Author : Cecilia Heyes
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-16
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674985131

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Cognitive Gadgets by Cecilia Heyes Pdf

How did human minds become so different from those of other animals? What accounts for our capacity to understand the way the physical world works, to think ourselves into the minds of others, to gossip, read, tell stories about the past, and imagine the future? These questions are not new: they have been debated by philosophers, psychologists, anthropologists, evolutionists, and neurobiologists over the course of centuries. One explanation widely accepted today is that humans have special cognitive instincts. Unlike other living animal species, we are born with complicated mechanisms for reasoning about causation, reading the minds of others, copying behaviors, and using language. Cecilia Heyes agrees that adult humans have impressive pieces of cognitive equipment. In her framing, however, these cognitive gadgets are not instincts programmed in the genes but are constructed in the course of childhood through social interaction. Cognitive gadgets are products of cultural evolution, rather than genetic evolution. At birth, the minds of human babies are only subtly different from the minds of newborn chimpanzees. We are friendlier, our attention is drawn to different things, and we have a capacity to learn and remember that outstrips the abilities of newborn chimpanzees. Yet when these subtle differences are exposed to culture-soaked human environments, they have enormous effects. They enable us to upload distinctively human ways of thinking from the social world around us. As Cognitive Gadgets makes clear, from birth our malleable human minds can learn through culture not only what to think but how to think it.

Running, Thinking, Writing

Jackie Hoermann-Elliott
Running Thinking Writing Book PDF

Author : Jackie Hoermann-Elliott
Publisher : Parlor Press LLC
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2021-06-12
Category : Sports & Recreation
ISBN : 9781643172538

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Running, Thinking, Writing by Jackie Hoermann-Elliott Pdf

For the creative fulfillment of writers who identify as runners, walkers, or movers, Running, Thinking, Writing: Embodied Cognition in Composition unveils the varied understandings of the relationship between writing activity and physical activity. Jackie Hoermann-Elliott provides an interdisciplinary overview of relevant research from the fields of composition studies, cognitive science, neuroscience, and sports psychology before proposing a new theoretical framework for explaining what happens to writers when they are moved to develop their writing while their bodies are in motion. She shares illuminating accounts from runner-writers working in the industries of journalism, academia, and youth literature. She also provides pedagogical insights from working with student writers on embodied writing assignments as well as introductory activities for instructors to try in their own classrooms. With a running metaphor guiding the chapters in this book, readers will be challenged to view writing as embodied cognition and to realize the benefits of embodiment for all writers.

Thinking about Thinking

Philip E. McDowell
Thinking about Thinking Book PDF

Author : Philip E. McDowell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317584117

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Thinking about Thinking by Philip E. McDowell Pdf

This book examines cognition with a broad and comprehensive approach. Drawing upon the work of many researchers, McDowell applies current scientific thinking to enhance the understanding of psychotherapy and other contemporary topics, including economics and healthcare. Through the use of practical examples, his analysis is accessible to a wide range of readers. In particular, clinicians, physicians, and mental health professionals will learn more about the thought processes through which they and their patients assess information.