Time And Decision

Author : George Loewenstein,Daniel Read,Roy F. Baumeister
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2003-02-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781610443661

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Time and Decision by George Loewenstein,Daniel Read,Roy F. Baumeister Pdf

How do people decide whether to sacrifice now for a future reward or to enjoy themselves in the present? Do the future gains of putting money in a pension fund outweigh going to Hawaii for New Year's Eve? Why does a person's self-discipline one day often give way to impulsive behavior the next? Time and Decision takes up these questions with a comprehensive collection of new research on intertemporal choice, examining how people face the problem of deciding over time. Economists approach intertemporal choice by means of a model in which people discount the value of future events at a constant rate. A vacation two years from now is worth less to most people than a vacation next week. Psychologists, on the other hand, have focused on the cognitive and emotional underpinnings of intertemporal choice. Time and Decision draws from both disciplinary approaches to provide a comprehensive picture of the various layers of choice involved. Shane Frederick, George Loewenstein, and Ted O'Donoghue introduce the volume with an overview of the research on time discounting and focus on how people actually discount the future compared to the standard economic model. Alex Kacelnik discusses the crucial role that the ability to delay gratification must have played in evolution. Walter Mischel and colleagues review classic research showing that four year olds who are able to delay gratification subsequently grow up to perform better in college than their counterparts who chose instant gratification. The book also delves into the neurobiology of patience, examining the brain structures involved in the ability to withstand an impulse. Turning to the issue of self-control, Klaus Wertenbroch examines the relationship between consumption and available resources, showing, for example, how a high credit limit can lead people to overspend. Ted O'Donoghue and Matthew Rabin show how people's awareness of their self-control problems affects their decision-making. The final section of the book examines intertemporal choice with regard to health, drug addiction, dieting, marketing, savings, and public policy. All of us make important decisions every day-many of which profoundly affect the quality of our lives. Time and Decision provides a fascinating look at the complex factors involved in how and why we make our choices, so many of them short-sighted, and helps us understand more precisely this crucial human frailty.

Author : A.J. Maule,O. Svenson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781475768466

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Time Pressure and Stress in Human Judgment and Decision Making by A.J. Maule,O. Svenson Pdf

Some years ago we, the editors of this volume, found out about each other's deeply rooted interest in the concept of time, the usage of time, and the effects of shortage of time on human thought and behavior. Since then we have fostered the idea of bringing together different perspectives in this area. We are now, there fore, very content that our idea has materialized in the present volume. There is both anecdotal and empirical evidence to suggest that time con straints may affect behavior. Managers and other professional decision makers frequently identify time pressure as a major constraint on their behavior (Isen berg, 1984). Chamberlain and Zika (1990) provide empirical support for this view, showing that complaints of insufficient time are the most frequently report ed everyday minor stressors or hassles for all groups of people except the elderly. Similarly, studies in occupational settings have identified time pressure as one of the central components of workload (Derrich, 1988; O'Donnel & Eggemeier, 1986).

Author : Laurence Alison,Neil Shortland
Publisher : Random House
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-07
Category : Self-Help
ISBN : 9781473589155

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Decision Time by Laurence Alison,Neil Shortland Pdf

Should I change careers? Is it time to end my relationship? Can I move halfway across the world? We have to make choices everyday, big and small, but it's the life-changing ones that often cause us to freeze or react too quickly, without thinking. What can we do differently? Laurence Alison and Neil Shortland have spent over 20 years helping soldiers, police officers, doctors and other professionals in high-stakes environments make tough decisions when lives are on the line. In Decision Time, they show us how those same decision-making techniques apply to everyday life, whether that's deciding to take a new job or change career later in life, end a relationship, move across the world or declaring your undying love for your best friend. With tips, studies, interviews and observations from their training with police officers together with role-play scenarios for you to try, this book will help you identify and fight off the common enemies of good decision-making - inertia, procrastination and indecision - and empower you to make the choices that matter the most. Highly accessible and interactive, Decision Time will guide you through each step of the decision-making process so next time you a find yourself at the crossroads, you'll be able to make your way with confidence.

Author : David Meltzer
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781260452624

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Game-Time Decision Making: High-Scoring Business Strategies from the Biggest Names in Sports by David Meltzer Pdf

Make business decisions with the confidence and clarity as the world’s best sports coaches. When the pressure is on, great coaches remain laser-focused, confident, and fully in charge of their roster. They’re the same way when it comes to developing strategies and game plans to succeed. In short, they always win because they have a superior decision-making process. Game-Time Decision Making provides everything you need to up your decision-making game and build a championship-level business. It takes you step by step through the process of: •Putting together an all-pro team with diverse skillsets•Building a positive mindset that will overwhelm the competition •Developing a keen awareness of "the playing field"•Learning from failures so you never make the same mistake twice •Creating both offensive and defensive strategies for branding and marketing When you have everything in place to make quick, accurate calls in the toughest of situations, you have what you need to dominate your industry. Game-Time Decision Making is a proven playbook for positioning yourself for success. From creating and utilizing the best tactics and strategies to leading your company through times of change, this is your playbook for total business success.

Author : Dennis Bakke
Publisher : Pear Press
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780983263340

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The Decision Maker by Dennis Bakke Pdf

Who makes the important decisions in your organization? Strategy, product development, budgeting, compensation—such key decisions typically are made by company leaders. That’s what bosses are for, right? But maybe the boss isn’t the best person to make the call. That’s the conclusion Dennis Bakke came to, and he used it to build AES into a Fortune 200 global power company with 27,000 people in 27 countries. He used it again to create Imagine Schools, the largest non-profit charter-school network in the U.S. As a student at Harvard Business School, Bakke made hundreds of decisions using the case-study method. He realized two things: decision-making is the best way to develop people; and that shouldn't stop at business school. So Bakke spread decision-making throughout his organizations, fully engaging people at all levels. Today, Bakke has given thousands of people the freedom and responsibility to make decisions that matter. In The Decision Maker, a leadership fable loosely based on Bakke's experience, the New York Times bestselling author shows us how giving decisions to the people closest to the action can transform any organization. The idea is simple. The results are powerful. When leaders put real control into the hands of their people, they tap incalculable potential. The Decision Maker, destined to be a business classic, holds the key to unlocking the potential of every person in your organization.

Author : Xianping Guo,Onésimo Hernández-Lerma
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2009-09-18
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783642025471

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Continuous-Time Markov Decision Processes by Xianping Guo,Onésimo Hernández-Lerma Pdf

Continuous-time Markov decision processes (MDPs), also known as controlled Markov chains, are used for modeling decision-making problems that arise in operations research (for instance, inventory, manufacturing, and queueing systems), computer science, communications engineering, control of populations (such as fisheries and epidemics), and management science, among many other fields. This volume provides a unified, systematic, self-contained presentation of recent developments on the theory and applications of continuous-time MDPs. The MDPs in this volume include most of the cases that arise in applications, because they allow unbounded transition and reward/cost rates. Much of the material appears for the first time in book form.

Author : Frada Burstein,Patrick Brézillon,Arkady Zaslavsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2010-11-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781441974068

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Supporting Real Time Decision-Making by Frada Burstein,Patrick Brézillon,Arkady Zaslavsky Pdf

This volume of Annals of Information Systems will acknowledge the twentieth anniversary of the founding of the International Society for Decision Support Systems (ISDSS) by documenting some of the current best practices in teaching and research and envisioning the next twenty years in the decision support systems field. The volume is intended to complement existing DSS literature by offering an outlet for thoughts and research particularly suited to the theme of describing the next twenty years in the area of decision support. Several subthemes are planned for the volume. One subtheme draws on the assessments of internationally known DSS researchers to evaluate where the field has been and what has been accomplished. A second subtheme of the volume will be describing the current best practices of DSS research and teaching efforts. A third subtheme will be an assessment by top DSS scholars on where the DSS discipline needs to focus in the future. The tone of this volume is one of enthusiasm for the potential contributions to come in the area of DSS; contributions that must incorporate an understanding of what has been accomplished in the past, build on the best practices of today, and be integrated into future decision making practices.

Author : Warren H. Meck,Valérie Doyère,Agnes Gruart
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-05-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889190348

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Interval Timing and Time-Based Decision Making by Warren H. Meck,Valérie Doyère,Agnes Gruart Pdf

The perception of time is crucial for everyday activities from the sleep–wake cycle to playing and appreciating music, verbal communication, to the determination of the value of a particular behavior. With regard to the last point, making decisions is heavily influenced by the duration of the various options, the duration of the expected delays for receiving the options, and the time constraints for making a choice. Recent advances suggest that the brain represents time in a distributed manner and reflects time as a result of temporal changes in network states and/or by the coincidence detection of the phase of different neural populations. Moreover, intrinsic oscillatory properties of neural circuits could determine timed motor responses. This Research Topic, partly an emergence of a Satellite EBBS meeting sponsored by the COST-Action TIMELY, will discuss how time in the physical world is reconstructed, distorted and modified in brain networks by emotion, learning and neuropathology. This Research Topic on Timing contains up-to-date reviews regarding the relationship between time and decision-making with respect to the underlying psychological and physiological mechanisms responsible for anticipation and evaluation processes.

Author : Richard E. Neustadt
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2011-08-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1451667620

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Thinking In Time by Richard E. Neustadt Pdf

“A convincing case that careful analysis of the history, issues, individuals, and institutions can lead to better decisions—in business as well as in government” (BusinessWeek). Two noted professors offer easily remembered rules for using history effectively in day-to-day management of governmental and corporate affairs to avoid costly blunders. “An illuminating guide to the use and abuse of history in affairs of state” (Arthur Schlesinger).

Author : J. Edward Russo,Paul J.H. Schoemaker
Publisher : Crown Currency
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2002-04-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780385504942

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Winning Decisions by J. Edward Russo,Paul J.H. Schoemaker Pdf

Business revolves around making decisions, often risky decisions, usually with incomplete information and too often in less time than we need. Executives at every level, in every industry, are confronted with information overload, less leeway for mistakes, and a business environment that changes rapidly. In light of this increased pressure and volatility, the old-fashioned ways of making decisions–depending on intuition, common sense, and specialized expertise–are simply no longer sufficient. Distilling over thirty years of groundbreaking research, Winning Decisions, written by two seasoned business advisers and world leaders in behavioral decision studies, is a comprehensive, one-of-a-kind guide to the proven methods of making critical business decisions confidently, quickly–and correctly. Decision-making is a business skill which managers often take for granted in themselves and others–but it's not as easy as some might think. The authors, whose expertise has been sought out by over a hundred companies, including Arthur Andersen, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Unilever, contend that decision-making, like any other skill, must be developed and honed if it is to be used effectively. Winning Decisions offers step-by-step analyses of how people typically make decisions, and provides invaluable advice on how to improve your chances of getting your next big decision right the first time. The book is packed with worksheets, tools, questionnaires, case studies, and anecdotes analyzing major decisions made by organizations like British Airways, NASA, Shell Oil, and Pepsi. Some of the proven, straightforward techniques covered in Winning Decisions include how to: Reframe issues to ensure that the real problem is being addressedImprove the quality and quantity of your options Convert expert yet conflicting opinions into useful insights Make diversity of views and conflict work to your advantage Foster efficient and effective group decision-making Learn from past decisions--your own and those of others With Winning Decisions, managers and other professionals now have access to a proven set of skills and strategies they need for making the right decision, right away.

Author : Jennex, Murray Eugene
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 463 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781799823575

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Knowledge Management, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship in a Changing World by Jennex, Murray Eugene Pdf

In today’s world of business, gaining an advantage of competitors is a focal point for organizations and a driving force in the economy. New practices are being studied and implemented constantly by rivaling companies. Many industries have begun putting emphasis on intensive knowledge practices, with the belief that implementing cutting-edge learning practices will fuel research and innovation within the company. Understanding this dynamic method of management is critical for managers and executives who wish to propel the success of their organizations. Knowledge Management, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship in a Changing World is a collection of pioneering research on the methods of gaining organizational advantages based on knowledge innovation and management. While highlighting topics including human-robot teaming, organizational learning, and e-collaboration, this book will explore the sustainable links between knowledge management influences and organizational capability. This book is ideally designed for managers, strategists, economists, policymakers, entrepreneurs, business professionals, researchers, students, and academics seeking research on recent trends in innovative economics and business technologies.

Author : Igor Linkov,Elizabeth A. Ferguson,Victor S. Magar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2008-10-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781402090264

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Real-Time and Deliberative Decision Making by Igor Linkov,Elizabeth A. Ferguson,Victor S. Magar Pdf

Decision-making tools are needed to support environmental management in an increasingly global economy. Addressing threats and identifying actions to mitigate those threats necessitates an understanding of the basic risk assessment paradigm and the tools of risk analysis to assess, interpret, and communicate risks. It also requires modification of the risk paradigm itself to incorporate a complex array of quantitative and qualitative information that shapes the unique political and ecological challenges of different countries and regions around the world. This book builds a foundation to characterize and assess a broad range of human and ecological stressors, and risk management approaches to address those stressors, using chemical risk assessment methods and multi-criteria decision analysis tools. Chapters discuss the current state-of-knowledge with regard to emerging stressors and risk management, focusing on the adequacy of available systematic, quantitative tools to guide vulnerability and threat assessments, evaluate the consequences of different events and responses, and support decision-making. This book opens a dialogue on aspects of risk assessment and decision analysis that apply to real-time (immediate) and deliberative (long-term) risk management processes.

Author : Barry Schwartz
Publisher : Harper Collins
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2009-10-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780061748998

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The Paradox of Choice by Barry Schwartz Pdf

Whether we're buying a pair of jeans, ordering a cup of coffee, selecting a long-distance carrier, applying to college, choosing a doctor, or setting up a 401(k), everyday decisions—both big and small—have become increasingly complex due to the overwhelming abundance of choice with which we are presented. As Americans, we assume that more choice means better options and greater satisfaction. But beware of excessive choice: choice overload can make you question the decisions you make before you even make them, it can set you up for unrealistically high expectations, and it can make you blame yourself for any and all failures. In the long run, this can lead to decision-making paralysis, anxiety, and perpetual stress. And, in a culture that tells us that there is no excuse for falling short of perfection when your options are limitless, too much choice can lead to clinical depression. In The Paradox of Choice, Barry Schwartz explains at what point choice—the hallmark of individual freedom and self-determination that we so cherish—becomes detrimental to our psychological and emotional well-being. In accessible, engaging, and anecdotal prose, Schwartz shows how the dramatic explosion in choice—from the mundane to the profound challenges of balancing career, family, and individual needs—has paradoxically become a problem instead of a solution. Schwartz also shows how our obsession with choice encourages us to seek that which makes us feel worse. By synthesizing current research in the social sciences, Schwartz makes the counter intuitive case that eliminating choices can greatly reduce the stress, anxiety, and busyness of our lives. He offers eleven practical steps on how to limit choices to a manageable number, have the discipline to focus on those that are important and ignore the rest, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices you have to make.

Author : Sumner Welles
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1944
Category : Reconstruction (1939-1951)
ISBN : IND:30000115454526

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The Time for Decision by Sumner Welles Pdf

Author : Daniel Kahneman
Publisher : Doubleday Canada
Page : 614 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2011-11-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780385676526

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Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman Pdf

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER The guru to the gurus at last shares his knowledge with the rest of us. Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman's seminal studies in behavioral psychology, behavioral economics, and happiness studies have influenced numerous other authors, including Steven Pinker and Malcolm Gladwell. In Thinking, Fast and Slow, Kahneman at last offers his own, first book for the general public. It is a lucid and enlightening summary of his life's work. It will change the way you think about thinking. Two systems drive the way we think and make choices, Kahneman explains: System One is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System Two is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. Examining how both systems function within the mind, Kahneman exposes the extraordinary capabilities as well as the biases of fast thinking and the pervasive influence of intuitive impressions on our thoughts and our choices. Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, he shows where we can trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking, contrasting the two-system view of the mind with the standard model of the rational economic agent. Kahneman's singularly influential work has transformed cognitive psychology and launched the new fields of behavioral economics and happiness studies. In this path-breaking book, Kahneman shows how the mind works, and offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and personal lives--and how we can guard against the mental glitches that often get us into trouble.