Transformed Cladistics Taxonomy And Evolution

Author : N. R. Scott-Ram
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1990-03-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521340861

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Transformed Cladistics, Taxonomy and Evolution by N. R. Scott-Ram Pdf

This is an examination of the relationship between classification and evolutionary theory, with reference to the competing schools of taxonomic thinking. Emphasis is placed on one of these schools, the transformed cladists who have attempted to reject all evolutionary thinking in classification and to cast doubt on evolution in general. The author examines the limits to this line of thought from a philosophical and methodological perspective. He concludes that transformed cladistics does not achieve what it claims and that it either implicitly assumes a Platonic World View, or is unintelligible without taking into account evolutionary processes--the very processes it claims to reject. Through this analysis the author attempts to formulate criteria of an objective and consistent nature that can be used to judge competing methodologies and theories. Philosophers of science, zoologists interested in taxonomy, and evolutionary biologists will find this a compelling study.

Author : Mark Ridley
Publisher : Longman Scientific and Technical
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Reference
ISBN : UOM:49015001134023

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Evolution and Classification by Mark Ridley Pdf

Author : E. O. Wiley,Bruce S. Lieberman
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2011-10-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118017876

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Phylogenetics by E. O. Wiley,Bruce S. Lieberman Pdf

The long-awaited revision of the industry standard on phylogenetics Since the publication of the first edition of this landmark volume more than twenty-five years ago, phylogenetic systematics has taken its place as the dominant paradigm of systematic biology. It has profoundly influenced the way scientists study evolution, and has seen many theoretical and technical advances as the field has continued to grow. It goes almost without saying that the next twenty-five years of phylogenetic research will prove as fascinating as the first, with many exciting developments yet to come. This new edition of Phylogenetics captures the very essence of this rapidly evolving discipline. Written for the practicing systematist and phylogeneticist, it addresses both the philosophical and technical issues of the field, as well as surveys general practices in taxonomy. Major sections of the book deal with the nature of species and higher taxa, homology and characters, trees and tree graphs, and biogeography—the purpose being to develop biologically relevant species, character, tree, and biogeographic concepts that can be applied fruitfully to phylogenetics. The book then turns its focus to phylogenetic trees, including an in-depth guide to tree-building algorithms. Additional coverage includes: Parsimony and parsimony analysis Parametric phylogenetics including maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches Phylogenetic classification Critiques of evolutionary taxonomy, phenetics, and transformed cladistics Specimen selection, field collecting, and curating Systematic publication and the rules of nomenclature Providing a thorough synthesis of the field, this important update to Phylogenetics is essential for students and researchers in the areas of evolutionary biology, molecular evolution, genetics and evolutionary genetics, paleontology, physical anthropology, and zoology.

Author : Alec L. Panchen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1992-06-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521315786

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Classification, Evolution, and the Nature of Biology by Alec L. Panchen Pdf

Historically, naturalists who proposed theories of evolution, including Darwin and Wallace, did so in order to explain the apparent relationship of natural classification. This book begins by exploring the intimate historical relationship between patterns of classification and patterns of phylogeny. However, it is a circular argument to use the data for classification. Alec Panchen presents other evidence for evolution in the form of a historically based but rigorously logical argument. This is followed by a history of methods of classification and phylogeny reconstruction including current mathematical and molecular techniques. The author makes the important claim that if the hierarchical pattern of classification is a real phenomenon, then biology is unique as a science in making taxonomic statements. This conclusion is reached by way of historical reviews of theories of evolutionary mechanism and the philosophy of science as applied to biology. The book is addressed to biologists, particularly taxonomists, concerned with the history and philosophy of their subject, and to philosophers of science concerned with biology. It is also an important source book on methods of classification and the logic of evolutionary theory for students, professional biologists, and paleontologists.

Author : Andrew Hamilton
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780520276581

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The Evolution of Phylogenetic Systematics by Andrew Hamilton Pdf

The Evolution of Phylogenetic Systematics aims to make sense of the rise of phylogenetic systematicsÑits methods, its objects of study, and its theoretical foundationsÑwith contributions from historians, philosophers, and biologists. This volume articulates an intellectual agenda for the study of systematics and taxonomy in a way that connects classification with larger historical themes in the biological sciences, including morphology, experimental and observational approaches, evolution, biogeography, debates over form and function, character transformation, development, and biodiversity. It aims to provide frameworks for answering the question: how did systematics become phylogenetic?

Author : Willi Hennig
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Science
ISBN : 0252068149

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Phylogenetic Systematics by Willi Hennig Pdf

Phylogenetic Systematics, first published in 1966, marks a turning point in the history of systematic biology. Willi Hennig's influential synthetic work, arguing for the primacy of the phylogenetic system as the general reference system in biology, generated significant controversy and opened possibilities for evolutionary biology that are still being explored.

Author : Michael Schmitt
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789004219298

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From Taxonomy to Phylogenetics – Life and Work of Willi Hennig by Michael Schmitt Pdf

Biological Systematics has changed dramatically during the past 60 years from a handicraft or art to an accepted branch of science proper, due to the work of Willi Hennig, who was born in 1913. The scientific method of reconstructing phylogenetic relationships of organisms bases on Hennig's approach, the "Phylogenetic Systematics". The method is now so widely accepted and applied that it can firmly be regarded a paradigm, named 'cladistics'. In contrast, the life and personality of its founder is remarkably little known in the scientific community. The present book offers a detailed biography of Willi Hennig, and traces the roots of his thinking from his schooldays until his death in 1976. Some outstanding academic teachers and friends of his are introduced, too. The book offers an insight into the historical development of a 'scientific revolution', and highlights the life and the work of a 'cautious revolutioniser' in a Germany of dictatorship, war, and separation.

Author : David M. Williams,Malte C. Ebach
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107008106

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Cladistics by David M. Williams,Malte C. Ebach Pdf

This new edition of a foundational text presents a contemporary review of cladistics, as applied to biological classification. It provides a comprehensive account of the past fifty years of discussion on the relationship between classification, phylogeny and evolution. It covers cladistics in the era of molecular data, detailing new advances and ideas that have emerged over the last twenty-five years. Written in an accessible style by internationally renowned authors in the field, readers are straightforwardly guided through fundamental principles and terminology. Simple worked examples and easy-to-understand diagrams also help readers navigate complex problems that have perplexed scientists for centuries. This practical guide is an essential addition for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in taxonomy, systematics, comparative biology, evolutionary biology and molecular biology.

Author : Randall T. Schuh
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Science
ISBN : 0801436753

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Biological Systematics by Randall T. Schuh Pdf

Most students who take a course in biological systematics do so to learn how to construct a data matrix and generate and evaluate a tree of phylogenetic relationships. Biological Systematics: Principles and Applications, by Randall T. Schuh, provides a welcome tool for these students and their instructors: it is a comprehensive and completely new textbook, the first of its kind since 1981. Systematics, the study of the reconstruction of the history of life, forms the underlying basis for organizing the knowledge of biology; cladistics is the diagrammatic method of charting phylogenetic relationships over time among evolving life forms. Cladistics analysis, the key tool used in this book, is also of great use outside pure systematic studies, and interests many students of population biology, ecology, epidemiology, and natural resources.Suitable for both graduate and advanced undergraduate students, Biological Systematics: Principles and Applications covers the core material for courses in biological systematics, with equal emphasis on both botany and zoology. It includes sections on the history and resources of the field; biological nomenclature; the theory of homology, character analysis, and computer algorithms; and the application of the results of systematic studies in the areas of biological classification, biogeography, adaptation and co-evolution, and biodiversity and conservation.

Author : Tod F. Stuessy
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 566 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2009-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780231518642

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Plant Taxonomy by Tod F. Stuessy Pdf

The field of plant taxonomy has transformed rapidly over the past fifteen years, especially with regard to improvements in cladistic analysis and the use of new molecular data. The second edition of this popular resource reflects these far-reaching and dramatic developments with more than 3,000 new references and many new figures. Synthesizing current research and trends, Plant Taxonomy now provides the most up-to-date overview in relation to monographic, biodiversity, and evolutionary studies, and continues to be an essential resource for students and scholars. This text is divided into two parts: Part 1 explains the principles of taxonomy, including the importance of systematics, characters, concepts of categories, and different approaches to biological classification. Part 2 outlines the different types of data used in plant taxonomic studies with suggestions on their efficacy and modes of presentation and evaluation. This section also lists the equipment and financial resources required for gathering each type of data. References throughout the book illuminate the historical development of taxonomic terminology and philosophy while citations offer further study. Plant Taxonomy is also a personal story of what it means to be a practicing taxonomist and to view these activities within a meaningful conceptual framework. Tod F. Stuessy recalls the progression of his own work and shares his belief that the most creative taxonomy is done by those who have a strong conceptual grasp of their own research.

Author : David Williams,Michael Schmitt,Quentin Wheeler
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 509 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107117648

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The Future of Phylogenetic Systematics by David Williams,Michael Schmitt,Quentin Wheeler Pdf

This book documents Willi Hennig's founding of phylogenetic systematics and the relevancy of his work for the future of cladistics.

Author : Jonathan M. Adrain,Gregory D. Edgecombe,Bruce S. Lieberman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461505716

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Fossils, Phylogeny, and Form by Jonathan M. Adrain,Gregory D. Edgecombe,Bruce S. Lieberman Pdf

Phylogenetic analysis and morphometrics have been developed by biologists into rigorous analytic tools for testing hypotheses about the relationships between groups of species. This book applies these tools to paleontological data. The fossil record is our one true chronicle of the history of life, preserving a set of macroevolutionary patterns; thus various hypotheses about evolutionary processes can be tested in the fossil record using phylogentic analysis and morphometrics. The first book of its type, Fossils, Phylogeny, and Form will be useful in evolutionary biology, paleontology, systematics, evolutionary development, theoretical biology, biogeography, and zoology. It will also provide a practical, researcher-friendly gateway into computer-based phylogenetics and morphometrics.

Author : David M. Williams,Peter L. Forey
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2004-05-12
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780203643037

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Milestones in Systematics by David M. Williams,Peter L. Forey Pdf

Presenting a historical analysis of the evolution of systematics during the last one hundred years, Milestones in Systematics reviews many of the major issues in systematic theory and practice that have driven the working methods of systematics during the 20th century and looks at the issues most likely to preoccupy systematists in the immediate fu

Author : Pablo A. Goloboff
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2022-07-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000550030

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From Observations to Optimal Phylogenetic Trees by Pablo A. Goloboff Pdf

Taxonomists specializing in different groups once based phylogenetic analysis only on morphological data; molecular data was used more rarely. Although molecular systematics is routine today, the use of morphological data continues to be important, especially for phylogenetic placement of many taxa known only from fossils and rare or difficult to collect species. In addition, morphological analyses help identify potential biases in molecular analyses. And finally, scenarios with respect to morphology continue to motivate biologists: the beauty of a cheetah or a baobab does not lie in their DNA sequence, but instead on what they are and do! This book is an up-to-date revision of methods and principles of phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. It is also a general guide for using the computer program TNT in the analysis of such data. The book covers the main aspects of phylogenetic analysis and general methods to compare classifications derived from molecules and morphology. The basic aspects of molecular analysis are covered only as needed to highlight the differences with methods and assumptions for analysis of morphological datasets.

Author : Ian J. Kitching
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Science
ISBN : 0198501382

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Cladistics by Ian J. Kitching Pdf

Systematics underpins all of biology. Cladistics is a method of systematic classification that aims to reconstruct genealogies based on common ancestry, thus revealing the phylogenetic relationships between taxa. Its applications vary from linguistic analysis to the study of conservation and biodiversity, and it has become a method of choice for comparative studies in all fields of biology. For all students interested in the systematic relationships among organisms, this book provides an integrated, state-of-the-art account of the techniques and methods of modern cladistics, and how to put them into practice.