Understanding Local Agency In China S Policy Reform

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Understanding Local Agency in China’s Policy Reform

Xiaoye She
Understanding Local Agency in China s Policy Reform Book PDF

Author : Xiaoye She
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030762124

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Understanding Local Agency in China’s Policy Reform by Xiaoye She Pdf

This book challenges the common perception or assumption that greater state intervention and re-centralization will result in convergence towards a more equitable and inclusive growth model in China. Instead of asking whether local agency matters, this project examines the conditions and latitude of local agency under initial decentralization followed by increasing top-down re-centralization. The central argument is that in response to common policy directives and pressures from above, disparities in local growth strategies have interacted with political institutions in generating “embedded” sub-national welfare mix models, with varying articulations of state, market, community, and family in Chinese welfare production. The bottom-up feedback effects from these embedded models have somewhat offset growing top-down pressure for re-centralization, contributing to persistent sub-national variations. This author contributes to a growing literature of comparative political economy that seeks to examine the political and economic logics of social policy in non-western and authoritarian political systems.

Understanding Local Agency in China's Policy Reform

Xiaoye She
Understanding Local Agency in China s Policy Reform Book PDF

Author : Xiaoye She
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3030762130

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Understanding Local Agency in China's Policy Reform by Xiaoye She Pdf

"The meticulously researched case studies in this book reveal the nuance and complexity of Chinese politics and the modern authoritarian welfare state. Xiaoye She challenges the outdated notion of an unchanging authoritarian welfare state that is all too often treated as an afterthought. Her refreshing focus on sub-national politics speaks to pressing debates about economic development paradigms. This is a must-read for anyone who wants to better understand the realities of Chinese politics today, and authoritarian regimes more broadly." - Sarah Wilson Sokhey, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of Colorado Boulder, USA This book challenges the common perception or assumption that greater state intervention and re-centralization will result in convergence towards a more equitable and inclusive growth model in China. Instead of asking whether local agency matters, this project examines the conditions and latitude of local agency under initial decentralization followed by increasing top-down re-centralization. The central argument is that in response to common policy directives and pressures from above, disparities in local growth strategies have interacted with political institutions in generating "embedded" sub-national welfare mix models, with varying articulations of state, market, community, and family in Chinese welfare production. The bottom-up feedback effects from these embedded models have somewhat offset growing top-down pressure for re-centralization, contributing to persistent sub-national variations. This author contributes to a growing literature of comparative political economy that seeks to examine the political and economic logics of social policy in non-western and authoritarian political systems. Xiaoye She is Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science at California State University San Marcos, USA.

State, Market, and Bureau-contracting in Reform China

Yuen Yuen Ang
State Market and Bureau contracting in Reform China Book PDF

Author : Yuen Yuen Ang
Publisher : Stanford University
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:hr313dw9240

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State, Market, and Bureau-contracting in Reform China by Yuen Yuen Ang Pdf

Why and how has China succeeded as a developmental state despite a seemingly rents-ridden bureaucracy? Following conventional wisdom, "Weberian" bureaucracies are an institutional precondition for development, especially in interventionist states like China. However, my research finds that China's fast-growing economy has not been governed by a purely salaried civil service. Instead, Chinese bureaucracies still remain partially prebendal; at every level of government, each office systematically appropriates authority to generate income for itself. My study unravels the paradox of "developmentalism without Weberianness" by illuminating China's unique path of bureaucratic adaptation in the reform era -- labeled as bureau-contracting -- where contracting takes place within the state bureaucracy. In a bureau-contracting structure, the state at each level contracts the tasks of governance to its own bureaucracies, assigning them revenue-making privileges and property rights over income earned in exchange for services rendered. Contrasting previous emphases on the prevalence of illicit corruption in China, my study shows how and why bureaucracies in this context are actually authorized by the state to profit from public office. Specifically, I identify two factors that constrain arbitrary and excessively predatory behavior among Chinese bureaucracies: first, mechanisms of rents management, and second, the mediation of narrow departmental interests by local developmental incentives. In short, I argue that it is the combination of an incentive-compatible fiscal design and increasingly sophisticated instruments of oversight that have sustained an otherwise unorthodox structure of governance in China. In a phrase, bureau-contracting presents a high-powered but opportunistic alternative to the Weberian ideal-type. The Chinese experience suggests that "market-compatible" bureaucratic institutions need not necessarily conform to -- and may even diverge significantly -- from standard Western models, at least at early stages of development. My research draws on interviews with 165 cadres across different regions and governmental sectors, as well as statistical analysis of previously unavailable budget data.

Social policy in China

Chan, Chak Kwan,Ngok, Kinglun
Social policy in China Book PDF

Author : Chan, Chak Kwan,Ngok, Kinglun
Publisher : Policy Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2008-02-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781847429599

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Social policy in China by Chan, Chak Kwan,Ngok, Kinglun Pdf

This much-needed new textbook introduces readers to the development of China's welfare polices since its conception of an open-door policy in 1978. Setting out basic concepts and issues, including key terms and the process of policy making, it overcomes a major barrier to understanding Chinese social policy. The book explores in detail the five key policy areas of employment, social security, health, education and housing. Each is examined using a human well-being framework comprising both qualitative and quantitative data and eight dimensions: physical and psychological well-being, social integration, fulfilment of caring duties, human learning and development, self-determination, equal value and just polity. This enables the authors to provide not only factual information on policies but also an in-depth understanding of the impact of welfare changes on the quality of life of Chinese people over the past three decades. A major strength of the book lies in its use of primary Chinese language sources, including relevant White Papers, central and local government policy documents, academic research studies and newspapers for each policy area. There are very few books in English on social policy in China, and this book will be welcomed both by academics and students of China and East Asian studies and comparative social policy and by those who want to know more about China's social development.

Health Policy Reform in China

Jiwei Qian,ke Blomqvist
Health Policy Reform in China Book PDF

Author : Jiwei Qian,ke Blomqvist
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789814425896

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Health Policy Reform in China by Jiwei Qian,ke Blomqvist Pdf

Most of the existing literature on health system reform in China deals with only one part of the reform process (for example, financing reform in rural areas, or the new system of purchasing pharmaceuticals), or consists of empirical case studies from particular cities or regions. This book gives a broad overview of the process of health system reform in China. It draws extensively both on the Western literature in health economics and on the experience of health care reform in a number of other countries, including the US, UK, Holland, and Japan, and compares China''s approach to health care reform with other countries. It also places the process of health system reform in the context of re-orienting China''s economic policy to place greater emphasis on equity and income distribution, and analyzes the interaction of the central and local governments in designing and implementing the reforms. This book will be of interest to policymakers, academics, students of health economics, health policy and health administration, and people who are interested in Chinese social policy. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Health Policy in China: Introduction and Background (189 KB). Contents: Introduction: Health Policy in China: Introduction and Background; Health Systems and Health Reform: International Models; Main Components of Health Reform: Strengthening China''s Social Insurance System; Providing Primary Care; The Hospital Sector and Hospital Reform; China''s National Drug Policy: A Work in Progress; Health Care and Harmonious Development in China: Health Policy and Inequality; Decentralized Government, Central-Local Fiscal Relations, and Health Reform; China''s Health System in the Future: Health Services in the Future: Social Insurance and Purchasing; China''s Future Health Care System: A Mixed Public-Private Model?. Readership: Policy makers, academics, students of health economics, health policy, and health administration, and people who are interested in Chinese social policy.

Government and Policy-Making Reform in China

Bill K.P. Chou
Government and Policy Making Reform in China Book PDF

Author : Bill K.P. Chou
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2009-05-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134075423

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Government and Policy-Making Reform in China by Bill K.P. Chou Pdf

China’s rapid economic development has not translated automatically into political development, with many of its institutions still in need of major reform. In the post-Mao era, despite the decentralization of local government with significant administrative and fiscal authority, China’s government and policy-making processes have retained much of the inefficiency and corruption characteristic of the earlier period. This book analyzes the implementation of government and policy-making reform in China, focusing in particular on the reform programmes instituted since the early 1990s. It considers all the important areas of reform, including the enhancement of policy-making capacity, reform of taxation and fund transfer policies, tightening of financial control, civil service reform and market deregulation. Bill K.P Chou assesses the course of policy reform in each of these areas, considers how successful reforms have been, and outlines what remains to be done. In particular, he explores the impact on the reform process of China’s entry into the WTO in 2001, demonstrating that the process of reform in China has been one of continuous conflict between the agenda of political elites in central government, and the priorities of local leaders, with local agents often distorting, delaying or ignoring the policies emanating from the central government.

The Political Economy of Making and Implementing Social Policy in China

Jiwei Qian
The Political Economy of Making and Implementing Social Policy in China Book PDF

Author : Jiwei Qian
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789811650253

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The Political Economy of Making and Implementing Social Policy in China by Jiwei Qian Pdf

This book explores the institutional factors in social policymaking and implementation in China. From the performance evaluation system for local cadres to the intergovernmental fiscal system, local policy experimentation, logrolling among government departments, and the “top-level” design, there are a number of factors that make policy in China less than straightforward. The book argues that it is bureaucratic incentive structure lead to a fragmented and stratified welfare system in China. Using a variety of Chinese- and English-language sources, including central and local government documents, budgetary data, household surveys, media databases, etc., this book covers the development of China’s pensions, health insurance, unemployment insurance, and social assistance programs since the 1990s, with a focus on initiatives since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Providing a deeper understanding of policymaking and implementation in China, this book interests scholars of public administration, political economy, Asian politics, and social development.

Handbook of Public Policy and Public Administration in China

Xiaowei Zang,Hon S. Chan
Handbook of Public Policy and Public Administration in China Book PDF

Author : Xiaowei Zang,Hon S. Chan
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781789909951

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Handbook of Public Policy and Public Administration in China by Xiaowei Zang,Hon S. Chan Pdf

This Handbook offers a critical analysis of the major theoretical and empirical issues in public policy and public administration in China. Investigating methodological, theoretical, and conceptual themes, it provides an insightful reflection on how China is governed.

Teacher Mediated Agency in Educational Reform in China

Hongzhi Yang
Teacher Mediated Agency in Educational Reform in China Book PDF

Author : Hongzhi Yang
Publisher : Springer
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2015-03-26
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783319159256

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Teacher Mediated Agency in Educational Reform in China by Hongzhi Yang Pdf

This book examines teacher agency in implementing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) curriculum reform in the Chinese university context. It theorizes the concept of teacher agency from a sociocultural theory perspective and draws on a study conducted in a conservative and less developed area in China. The book uses Engeström's activity theory and Vygotsky's concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) to understand the nature and extent of teacher agency in adapting one’s teaching with respect to beliefs, knowledge and instructional practices. The study concludes that curriculum reform in China needs to shift from reliance on 'top-down' policies to 'bottom-up' implementation that mobilizes local understandings and practices. One of the implications of this study is that transformative teacher education programs aimed at developing teacher pedagogical agency require that teachers have ongoing opportunities to design, develop and evaluate curriculum-based mediational means.

Modernization of Government Governance in China

Ronghua Shen,Sheng Cao
Modernization of Government Governance in China Book PDF

Author : Ronghua Shen,Sheng Cao
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789813294912

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Modernization of Government Governance in China by Ronghua Shen,Sheng Cao Pdf

This book provides an all-round analysis and exploration of the course, status quo and future of the Chinese Government's governance reform under the framework of government governance modernization. The authors bring their decades of experience in crafting policy in China to explain the relationship between China's government and market, between government and society, between the central government and local governments, functional transformation, organizational structure optimization, reform of public institutions, allocation of fiscally supported personnel, the building of a law-based government and other major issues, while also laying out a case for structural changes in the years to come.

China Experiments

Ann M. Florini,Hairong Lai,Yeling Tan
China Experiments Book PDF

Author : Ann M. Florini,Hairong Lai,Yeling Tan
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-01-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815722014

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China Experiments by Ann M. Florini,Hairong Lai,Yeling Tan Pdf

All societies face a key question: how to empower governments to perform essential governmental functions while constraining the arbitrary exercise of power. This balance, always in flux, is particularly fluid in today's China. This insightful book examines the changing relationship between that state and its society, as demonstrated by numerous experiments in governance at subnational levels, and explores the implications for China's future political trajectory. Ann Florini, Hairong Lai, and Yeling Tan set their analysis at the level of townships and counties, investigating the striking diversity of China's exploration into different governance tools and comparing these experiments with developments and debates elsewhere in the world. China Experiments draws on multiple cases of innovation to show how local authorities are breaking down traditional models of governance in responding to the challenges posed by the rapid transformations taking place across China's economy and society. The book thus differs from others on China that focus on dynamics taking place at the elite level in Beijing, and is unique in its broad but detailed, empirically grounded analysis. The introduction examines China's changing governance architecture and raises key overarching questions. It addresses the motivations behind the wide variety of experiments underway by which authorities are trying to adapt local governance structures to meet new demands. Chapters 2–5 then explore each type of innovation in detail, from administrative streamlining and elections to partnerships in civil society and transparency measures. Each chapter explains the importance of the experiment in terms of implications for governance and draws upon specific case studies. The final chapter considers what these growing numbers of experiments add up to, whether China is headed towards a stronger more resilient authoritarianism or evolving towards its own version of democracy, and suggests a serie

Government and Market in China

Jian Zhang
Government and Market in China Book PDF

Author : Jian Zhang
Publisher : Nova Biomedical Books
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105114351765

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Government and Market in China by Jian Zhang Pdf

This book examines the key role played by local governments in China's market-oriented economic reform process since 1978. In particular, it addresses the much debated questions of why Communist Party officials at the local level embraced market reform despite its potentially detrimental effects on their power, and how the choices they made have shaped institutional changes and the pattern of development in the economies under their jurisdiction. In contrast to most recent studies of local governments in China, which have tended to explain local state activism in terms of the economic interests of local government officials, this book highlights the role that political interests have played in shaping economic behaviour. The contention is that the active involvement of local governments in the economy has been motivated not only by a desire to seek economic benefits, but also, and more importantly, by political considerations. The political perspective emphasised in this book leads to a reassessment of the nature and effect of the role of local government in the economic growth and institutional changes in China's transitional economy. Tracing the behaviour of local government to its political origin, the book not only explains more fully the motivational sources of economic activism at the local level, but also demonstrates the contradictory ways in which local governments intervene in the economy, the internal weakness of the local state-led development, and how problems caused by politically-motivated economic intervention catalysed the privatisation of the local government-run economic sector during mid-1990s.

Government Performance Management in China

Bin Wu
Government Performance Management in China Book PDF

Author : Bin Wu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789811382253

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Government Performance Management in China by Bin Wu Pdf

​This book explains the basic concepts of the performance management, including the achievement of government goals, management capacity, administrative efficiency and policy effects. Taking Hangzhou, one of the largest cities in China, as an example, the book offers readers a new dimension through which the government can be understood and reformed—performance. Performance management has become an important component of public administration in China, and its use is beneficial in evaluating performance and social benefit. It also incentivizes civil servants to become more motivated and innovative, prevents the development of a bureaucratic atmosphere and facilitates communication between the public sector and the people. The book first introduces the concept of the performance management, providing a detailed description of its history, basic theories and its development. It then discusses the evolution of the system (from objective-based responsibility system evaluation to “vote for excellence”), its three basic areas (performance management on the national, local and municipal levels) and its key components: openness, democracy, accountability and performance. This book allows readers to gain a deeper understanding of the importance of government performance management in China and its contribution to the modernization of state governance and political legitimacy.

Handbook on Local Governance in China

Ceren Ergenc,David S.G. Goodman
Handbook on Local Governance in China Book PDF

Author : Ceren Ergenc,David S.G. Goodman
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2023-09-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781800883246

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Handbook on Local Governance in China by Ceren Ergenc,David S.G. Goodman Pdf

Demonstrating the crucial importance of local governance in China’s development and international relations, this topical Handbook combines theoretical approaches with novel methodological tools to understand state–society relations at the local level.

The Logic and Limits of Political Reform in China

Joseph Fewsmith
The Logic and Limits of Political Reform in China Book PDF

Author : Joseph Fewsmith
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : POLITICAL SCIENCE
ISBN : 1139626000

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The Logic and Limits of Political Reform in China by Joseph Fewsmith Pdf

"In the 1990s China embarked on a series of political reforms intended to increase, however modestly, political participation to reduce the abuse of power by local officials. Although there was initial progress, these reforms have largely stalled and, in many cases, gone backward. If there were sufficient incentives to inaugurate reform, why wasn,ãWt there enough momentum to continue and deepen them? This book approaches this question by looking at a number of promising reforms, understanding the incentives of officials at different levels, and the way the Chinese Communist Party operates at the local level. The short answer is that the sort of reforms necessary to make local officials more responsible to the citizens they govern cut too deeply into the organizational structure of the party"