Unity Of Science

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Unity of Science

Tuomas E. Tahko
Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Tuomas E. Tahko
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2021-02-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781108604567

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Unity of Science by Tuomas E. Tahko Pdf

Unity of science was once a very popular idea among both philosophers and scientists. But it has fallen out of fashion, largely because of its association with reductionism and the challenge from multiple realisation. Pluralism and the disunity of science are the new norm, and higher-level natural kinds and special science laws are considered to have an important role in scientific practice. What kind of reductionism does multiple realisability challenge? What does it take to reduce one phenomenon to another? How do we determine which kinds are natural? What is the ontological basis of unity? In this Element, Tuomas Tahko examines these questions from a contemporary perspective, after a historical overview. The upshot is that there is still value in the idea of a unity of science. We can combine a modest sense of unity with pluralism and give an ontological analysis of unity in terms of natural kind monism. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

The Unity of Science

Rudolf Carnap
The Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Rudolf Carnap
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781136654299

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The Unity of Science by Rudolf Carnap Pdf

As a leading member of the Vienna Circle, Rudolph Carnap's aim was to bring about a "unified science" by applying a method of logical analysis to the empirical data of all the sciences. This work, first published in English in 1934, endeavors to work out a way in which the observation statements required for verification are not private to the observer. The work shows the strong influence of Wittgenstein, Russell, and Frege.

Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science

Shahid Rahman,John Symons,Dov M. Gabbay,jean paul van bendegem
Logic Epistemology and the Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Shahid Rahman,John Symons,Dov M. Gabbay,jean paul van bendegem
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 618 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2009-03-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781402028083

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Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science by Shahid Rahman,John Symons,Dov M. Gabbay,jean paul van bendegem Pdf

The first volume in this new series explores, through extensive co-operation, new ways of achieving the integration of science in all its diversity. The book offers essays from important and influential philosophers in contemporary philosophy, discussing a range of topics from philosophy of science to epistemology, philosophy of logic and game theoretical approaches. It will be of interest to philosophers, computer scientists and all others interested in the scientific rationality.

Special Sciences and the Unity of Science

Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres,John Symons,Shahid Rahman
Special Sciences and the Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres,John Symons,Shahid Rahman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400720305

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Special Sciences and the Unity of Science by Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres,John Symons,Shahid Rahman Pdf

Science is a dynamic process in which the assimilation of new phenomena, perspectives, and hypotheses into the scientific corpus takes place slowly. The apparent disunity of the sciences is the unavoidable consequence of this gradual integration process. Some thinkers label this dynamical circumstance a ‘crisis’. However, a retrospective view of the practical results of the scientific enterprise and of science itself, grants us a clear view of the unity of the human knowledge seeking enterprise. This book provides many arguments, case studies and examples in favor of the unity of science. These contributions touch upon various scientific perspectives and disciplines such as: Physics, Computer Science, Biology, Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, and Economics.

The Unity of Science

David Bensimon
The Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : David Bensimon
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2021-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 1032112417

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The Unity of Science by David Bensimon Pdf

"This unique overview of natural phenomena and foundations of different technologies (chemistry, electronics, optics, etc.). explores the connections and unified foundations of diverse scientific and technological fields. Requiring knowledge of linear algebra and calculus, it is ideal for students of chemistry, material sciences and engineering"--

The Problem of the Unity of Science

Académie internationale de philosophie des sciences. Meeting,Evandro Agazzi,Jan Faye
The Problem of the Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Académie internationale de philosophie des sciences. Meeting,Evandro Agazzi,Jan Faye
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789812799593

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The Problem of the Unity of Science by Académie internationale de philosophie des sciences. Meeting,Evandro Agazzi,Jan Faye Pdf

The unity of science has been a widely discussed issue both in the philosophy of science and within several sciences. Reductionism has often been seen as the means of bringing the different sciences to a fundamental unity by reference to some basic science, but it shows many limitations. Multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity have also been proposed as methodologies for attaining unity without underestimating the diversity of the sciences. This volume starts with a clarification of the possible meanings of this unity and then discusses the features of the mentioned approaches to unity, evaluating the success and the shortcomings of the unification programme among different sciences and within a single science. Contents: The General Framework: What Does ''The Unity of Science'' Mean? (E Agazzi); The Unity of Disunity (J Faye); Sciences of Nature and Sciences of Man: On a Difference between Natural Science and the Interpretive Sciences of Man (F Collin); Natural Sciences and Human Sciences (G M Prosperi); Overcoming Reductionism: Complexity, Reductionism, and the Unity of Science (J Ricard); The Consilience Approach to the Unity of Science (B Kanitscheider); The Unity Within a Single Science: The Problem of Unity in a Single Field of Science (A Cordero); The Unity of Particle Physics and Cosmology? The Case of the Cosmological Constant (J Mosterin); Is Quantum Mechanics a Universal Theory ? (B d''Espagnat); and other papers. Readership: Graduate students and academics in the philosophy of science.

The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition

Shahid Rahman,Tony Street,Hassan Tahiri
The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition Book PDF

Author : Shahid Rahman,Tony Street,Hassan Tahiri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2008-07-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781402084058

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The Unity of Science in the Arabic Tradition by Shahid Rahman,Tony Street,Hassan Tahiri Pdf

the demise of the logical positivism programme. The answers given to these qu- tions have deepened the already existing gap between philosophy and the history and practice of science. While the positivists argued for a spontaneous, steady and continuous growth of scientific knowledge the post-positivists make a strong case for a fundamental discontinuity in the development of science which can only be explained by extrascientific factors. The political, social and cultural environment, the argument goes on, determine both the questions and the terms in which they should be answered. Accordingly, the sociological and historical interpretation - volves in fact two kinds of discontinuity which are closely related: the discontinuity of science as such and the discontinuity of the more inclusive political and social context of its development. More precisely it explains the discontinuity of the former by the discontinuity of the latter subordinating in effect the history of science to the wider political and social history. The underlying idea is that each historical and - cial context generates scientific and philosophical questions of its own. From this point of view the question surrounding the nature of knowledge and its development are entirely new topics typical of the twentieth-century social context reflecting both the level and the scale of the development of science.

Scientific Pluralism Reconsidered

Stephanie Ruphy
Scientific Pluralism Reconsidered Book PDF

Author : Stephanie Ruphy
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780822981534

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Scientific Pluralism Reconsidered by Stephanie Ruphy Pdf

Can we expect our scientific theories to make up a unified structure, or do they form a kind of “patchwork” whose pieces remain independent from each other? Does the proliferation of sometimes-incompatible representations of the same phenomenon compromise the ability of science to deliver reliable knowledge? Is there a single correct way to classify things that science should try to discover, or is taxonomic pluralism here to stay? These questions are at the heart of philosophical debate on the unity or plurality of science, one of the most central issues in philosophy of science today. This book offers a critical overview and a new structure of this debate. It focuses on the methodological, epistemic, and metaphysical commitments of various philosophical attitudes surrounding monism and pluralism, and offers novel perspectives and pluralist theses on scientific methods and objects, reductionism, plurality of representations, natural kinds, and scientific classifications.

Otto Neurath and the Unity of Science

John Symons,Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres
Otto Neurath and the Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : John Symons,Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010-11-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400701434

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Otto Neurath and the Unity of Science by John Symons,Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres Pdf

This volume critically reexamines Otto Neurath’s conception of the unity of science. Some of the leading scholars of Neurath’s work, along with many prominent philosophers of science critically examine his place in the history of philosophy of science and evaluate the relevance of his work for contemporary debates concerning the unity of science.

The Unity of Science and Economics

Jing Chen
The Unity of Science and Economics Book PDF

Author : Jing Chen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2015-11-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781493934669

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The Unity of Science and Economics by Jing Chen Pdf

This book presents a new economic theory developed from physical and biological principles. It explains how technology, social systems and economic values are intimately related to resources. Many people have recognized that mainstream (neoclassical) economic theories are not consistent with physical laws and often not consistent with empirical patterns, but most feel that economic activities are too complex to be described by a simple and coherent mathematical theory. While social systems are indeed complex, all life systems, including social systems, satisfy two principles. First, all systems need to extract resources from the external environment to compensate for their consumption. Second, for a system to be viable, the amount of resource extraction has to be no less than the level of consumption. From these two principles, we derive a quantitative theory of major factors in economic activities, such as fixed cost, variable cost, discount rate, uncertainty and duration. The mathematical theory enables us to systematically measure the effectiveness of different policies and institutional structures at varying levels of resource abundance and cost.The theory presented in this book shows that there do not exist universally optimal policies or institutional structures. Instead, the impacts of different policies or social structures have to be measured within the context of existing levels of resource abundance. As the physical costs of extracting resources rise steadily, many policy assumptions adopted in mainstream economic theories, and workable in times of cheap and abundant energy supplies and other resources, need to be reconsidered. In this rapidly changing world, the theory presented here provides a solid foundation for examining the long-term impacts of today's policy decisions.

The Disunity of Science

Peter Louis Galison,David J. Stump
The Disunity of Science Book PDF

Author : Peter Louis Galison,David J. Stump
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Science
ISBN : 0804725624

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The Disunity of Science by Peter Louis Galison,David J. Stump Pdf

Is science unified or disunified? Over the last century, the question has raised the interest (and hackles) of scientists, philosophers, historians, and sociologists of science, for at stake is how science and society fit together. Recent years have seen a turn largely against the rhetoric of unity, ranging from the please of condensed matter physicists for disciplinary autonomy all the way to discussions in the humanities and social sciences that involve local history, feminism, multiculturalism, postmodernism, scientific relativism and realism, and social constructivism. Many of these varied aspects of the debate over the disunity of science are reflected in this volume, which brings together a number of scholars studying science who otherwise have had little to say to each other: feminist theorists, philosophers of science, sociologists of science. How does the context of discover shape knowledge? What are the philosophical consequences of a disunified science? Does, for example, an antirealism, a realism, or an arealism become defensible within a picture of local scientific knowledge? What politics lies behind and follows from a picture of the world of science more like a quilt than a pyramid? Who gains and loses if representation of science has standards that vary from place to place, field to field, and practitioner to practitioner.

Consilience

E. O. Wilson
Consilience Book PDF

Author : E. O. Wilson
Publisher : Vintage
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780804154062

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Consilience by E. O. Wilson Pdf

NATIONAL BESTSELLER • "A dazzling journey across the sciences and humanities in search of deep laws to unite them." —The Wall Street Journal One of our greatest scientists—and the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes for On Human Nature and The Ants—gives us a work of visionary importance that may be the crowning achievement of his career. In Consilience (a word that originally meant "jumping together"), Edward O. Wilson renews the Enlightenment's search for a unified theory of knowledge in disciplines that range from physics to biology, the social sciences and the humanities. Using the natural sciences as his model, Wilson forges dramatic links between fields. He explores the chemistry of the mind and the genetic bases of culture. He postulates the biological principles underlying works of art from cave-drawings to Lolita. Presenting the latest findings in prose of wonderful clarity and oratorical eloquence, and synthesizing it into a dazzling whole, Consilience is science in the path-clearing traditions of Newton, Einstein, and Richard Feynman.

Pursuing the Unity of Science

Harmke Kamminga,Geert Somsen
Pursuing the Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Harmke Kamminga,Geert Somsen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016-05-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317073055

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Pursuing the Unity of Science by Harmke Kamminga,Geert Somsen Pdf

From 1918 to the late 1940s, a host of influential scientists and intellectuals in Europe and North America were engaged in a number of far-reaching unity of science projects. In this period of deep social and political divisions, scientists collaborated to unify sciences across disciplinary boundaries and to set up the international scientific community as a model for global political co-operation. They strove to align scientific and social objectives through rational planning and to promote unified science as the driving force of human civilization and progress. This volume explores the unity of science movement, providing a synthetic view of its pursuits and placing it in its historical context as a scientific and political force. Through a coherent set of original case studies looking at the significance of various projects and strategies of unification, the book highlights the great variety of manifestations of this endeavour. These range from unifying nuclear physics to the evolutionary synthesis, and from the democratization of scientific planning to the utopianism of H.G. Wells's world state. At the same time, the collection brings out the substantive links between these different pursuits, especially in the form of interconnected networks of unification and the alignment of objectives among them. Notably, it shows that opposition to fascism, using the instrument of unified science, became the most urgent common goal in the 1930s and 1940s. In addressing these issues, the book makes visible important historical developments, showing how scientists participated in, and actively helped to create, an interwar ideology of unification, and bringing to light the cultural and political significance of this enterprise.

Rethinking Science

Jan Faye
Rethinking Science Book PDF

Author : Jan Faye
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2018-02-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351748285

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Rethinking Science by Jan Faye Pdf

This title was first published in 2002.Science and humanity are usually seen as very different: the sciences of nature aim at explanations whereas the sciences of man seek meaning and understanding. This book shows how these contrasting descriptions fail to fit into a modern philosophical account of the sciences and the arts. Presenting some of the major ideas within the philosophy of science on facts, explanation, interpretation, methods, laws, and theories, Jan Faye compares various approaches, including his own. Arguing that the sciences of nature and the sciences of man share a common practice of acquiring knowledge, this book offers a unique introduction to key aspects in the philosophy of science.

Special Sciences and the Unity of Science

Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres,John Symons,Shahid Rahman
Special Sciences and the Unity of Science Book PDF

Author : Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres,John Symons,Shahid Rahman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2012-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400720299

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Special Sciences and the Unity of Science by Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres,John Symons,Shahid Rahman Pdf

Science is a dynamic process in which the assimilation of new phenomena, perspectives, and hypotheses into the scientific corpus takes place slowly. The apparent disunity of the sciences is the unavoidable consequence of this gradual integration process. Some thinkers label this dynamical circumstance a ‘crisis’. However, a retrospective view of the practical results of the scientific enterprise and of science itself, grants us a clear view of the unity of the human knowledge seeking enterprise. This book provides many arguments, case studies and examples in favor of the unity of science. These contributions touch upon various scientific perspectives and disciplines such as: Physics, Computer Science, Biology, Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, and Economics.