Violence In The Barrios Of Caracas

Author : Daniel S. Leon
Publisher : Springer
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030229405

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Violence in the Barrios of Caracas by Daniel S. Leon Pdf

This book presents an overview of the problem of urban violence in Caracas, and specifically in its barrios. It helps situate readers familiar or not with Latin American in the context that is Caracas, Venezuela, a city displaying one of the world’s highest homicide rates. The book offers a qualitative comparison of the informal mechanisms of social control in three barrios of Caracas. This comprehensive analysis can help explain high homicide rates, while socio-economic conditions improved due to substantial oil windfalls in the twenty-first century. The author describes why informal social control was not effective in some barrios, and points to the role of some organizational arrangements in increasing the incentives to use violence, even under improving socio-economic conditions. The analysis addresses a gap in the literature on violence, which mainly posits high violence rates after economic downturns. Specifically, it investigates social capital's moderating effect between Caracas' political and economic structures and high violence rates. This book concludes that perverse social capital found in the barrios of Caracas helps explain high violence rates while socio-economic indicators improved until the early 2010s. Students and researchers interested in security studies or Latin America will benefit from this book because of its extensive theoretical discussions, use of primary sources, and unique multidisciplinary analysis of urban violence.

Author : Patricia C. Márquez
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2002-12-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0804745528

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The Street Is My Home by Patricia C. Márquez Pdf

The presence of youngsters on the streets of Caracas embodies social contradictions at the national level, and this book discusses how these contradictions are played out in an oil-producing nation afflicted with hyperinflation generalized corruption, the deterioration of public services, increasing poverty, and violence. Vivid life stories told by street children themselves portray their relations with family and friends, as well as with people they encounter: police officers, journalists, social workers, and passersby at their local hangouts. The book also describes and analyzes the justice system and institutions for minors, illustrating the constant failures to respond to, contain, or lessen youth violence.

Author : David Smilde,Verónica Zubillaga,Rebecca Hanson
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822988762

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The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela by David Smilde,Verónica Zubillaga,Rebecca Hanson Pdf

Crime and violence soared in twenty-first-century Venezuela even as poverty and inequality decreased, contradicting the conventional wisdom that these are the underlying causes of violence. The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela explains the rise of violence under both Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro—leftist presidents who made considerable investment in social programs and political inclusion. Contributors argue that violence arose not from the frustration of inequality, or the needs created by poverty, but rather from the interrelated factors of a particular type of revolutionary governance, extraordinary oil revenues, a reliance on militarized policing, and the persistence of concentrated disadvantage. These factors led to dramatic but unequal economic growth, massive institutional and social change, and dysfunctional criminal justice policies that destabilized illicit markets and social networks, leading to an increase in violent conflict resolution. The Paradox of Violence in Venezuela reorients thinking about violence and its relationship to poverty, inequality, and the state.

Author : Kees Koonings,Dirk Kruijt
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781780324586

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Violence and Resilience in Latin American Cities by Kees Koonings,Dirk Kruijt Pdf

Why are Latin American cities amongst the most violent in the world? Over the past decades Latin America has not only become the most urbanised of the regions of the so-called global South, it has also been the scene of the urbanisation of poverty and exclusion. Overall regional homicides rates are the highest in the world, a fact closely related to the spread and use of firearms by male youths, who are frequently involved in local and translocal forms of organised crime. In response, governments and law enforcements agencies have been facing mounting pressure to address violence through repressive strategies, which in turn has led to a number of consequences: law enforcement is often based on excessive violence and the victimisation of entire marginal populations. Thus, the dynamics of violence have generated a widespread perception of insecurity and fear. Featuring much original fieldwork across a broad array of case studies, this cutting edge volume focuses on questions not only of crime, insecurity and violence but also of Latin American cities' ability to respond to these problems in creative and productive ways.

Author : Jennifer Erin Salahub,Markus Gottsbacher,John de Boer,Mayssam D. Zaaroura
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351254625

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Reducing Urban Violence in the Global South by Jennifer Erin Salahub,Markus Gottsbacher,John de Boer,Mayssam D. Zaaroura Pdf

Reducing Urban Violence in the Global South seeks to identify the drivers of urban violence in the cities of the Global South and how they relate to and interact with poverty and inequalities. Drawing on the findings of an ambitious 5-year, 15-project research programme supported by Canada’s International Development Research Centre and the UK’s Department for International Development, the book explores what works, and what doesn't, to prevent and reduce violence in urban centres. Cities in developing countries are often seen as key drivers of economic growth, but they are often also the sites of extreme violence, poverty, and inequality. The research in this book was developed and conducted by researchers from the Global South, who work and live in the countries studied; it challenges many of the assumptions from the Global North about how poverty, violence, and inequalities interact in urban spaces. In so doing, the book demonstrates that accepted understandings of the causes of and solutions to urban violence developed in the Global North should not be imported into the Global South without careful consideration of local dynamics and contexts. Reducing Urban Violence in the Global South concludes by considering the broader implications for policy and practice, offering recommendations for improving interventions to make cities safer and more inclusive. The fresh perspectives and insights offered by this book will be useful to scholars and students of development and urban violence, as well as to practitioners and policymakers working on urban violence reduction programmes.

Author : Scott H. Decker,David C. Pyrooz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 587 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2015-09-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781118726877

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The Handbook of Gangs by Scott H. Decker,David C. Pyrooz Pdf

Pulling together the most salient, current issues in the field today, The Handbook of Gangs provides a significant assessment by leading scholars of key topics related to gangs, gang members, and responses to gangs. • Chapters cover a wide array of the most prominent issues in the field of gangs, written by scholars who have been leaders in developing new ways of thinking about the topics • Delivers cutting-edge reviews of the current state of research and practice and addresses where the field has been, where it is today and where it should go in the future • Includes extensive coverage of the individual theories of delinquency and provides special emphasis on policy and prevention program implications in the study of gangs • Offers a broad understanding of how other countries deal with gangs and their response to gangs, including Great Britain, Latin America, Australia and Europe • Chapters covering the legacies of four pioneers in gang research—Malcolm W. Klein, Walter B. Miller, James F. Short Jr., and Irving A. Spergel

Author : Gabriela Quintana Vigiola
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2023-10-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9819946883

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Place, Catholicism and Violence by Gabriela Quintana Vigiola Pdf

This book explores the interwoven nature of place, Catholicism and violence in Caracas’ barrios. Using interdisciplinary perspectives to investigate themes of urban space, meaning as a psychosocial construct, criminal violence, and religiosity as culture, this book uncovers the underlying complexities of turning spaces into places through the built form, activities in the urban space and the meanings associated with it. Fundamental elements in the construction of place are used to understand the ways in which barrio residents conceive and construct the physicality of the private, public and religious spaces; how residents use the physical spaces of the barrios; and the psychosocial meanings residents associate with the spaces and activities. Using rich qualitative data and a case study design, the book relies on audio-visual data and interviews with organisers, residents and key participants in Petare, the largest barrio conglomeration in Caracas and Venezuela. Qualitative thematic analysis of participants’ experiences of Catholicism, violence and, ultimately, the construction of place exposes a unique argument: that meaningful urban spaces are embedded with emotions, memories, relationships, experiences and meanings, which turn them into places.

Author : Patricia Carolina Márquez
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 542 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Caracas (Venezuela)
ISBN : UCAL:C3389226

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Youth on the Streets, Commodities, and Violence in Caracas by Patricia Carolina Márquez Pdf

Author : Karen Silva-Torres,Carolina Rozo-Higuera,Daniel S. Leon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2021-09-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000440225

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Social and Political Transitions During the Left Turn in Latin America by Karen Silva-Torres,Carolina Rozo-Higuera,Daniel S. Leon Pdf

Social and Political Transitions During the Left Turn in Latin America provides fourteen contributions to understand, from a multidisciplinary perspective, processes of socio-political reconfigurations in the region from the early 2000s to the mid-2010s. The Left Turn was the regional shift to left-of-center governments and social movements that sought to replace the neoliberal policies of the 1990s. This volume aims to answer the overarching research question: how do state and societal (national and transnational) actors trigger and shape processes of political and socio-economic transitions in Latin America from the rise to the decline of the Left Turn. The book presents case studies in which transitions are moments of change and uncertainty, which one cannot predict their definitive outcomes. The various case studies presented in the book place actors and processes in specific historical and socio-political contexts, which are influenced directly or indirectly by the historical trajectory of Latin America’s Left Turn. This book is essential reading for students and scholars of Social and Political History, Latin American History, and those interested in the social and political developments in Latin America more broadly.

Author : Daniel S. Leon
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2010-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781599423654

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The Political Economy of Violence by Daniel S. Leon Pdf

This study will attempt to answer the question of how can the rise in social violence since the 1980s be explained in the oil-rich nation of Venezuela? The once relatively peaceful nation of Venezuela has seen a dramatic rise in social violence over the last three decades that has placed her amongst some of the world's most dangerous countries. A review of the relevant literature will reveal that the study of a social phenomenon such as violence, in a nation such as Venezuela, is a complicated task because there are a number of different, but in many cases interlinked, variables that contribute to the formation of this social phenomenon. Therefore, the conceptual framework will consist of a multi-variable analysis so that this study may go about to formulate an appropriate explanation based on the complex causes and effects that surround this issue. However, special attention will be given to the nation's developmental history, which has given way to a severe socio-political crisis. Although special attention will be given to this important variable, no hierarchy of variables will be established, as the convoluted nature of social events makes it very difficult to formulate one. Other factors that will also be analyzed as they contribute to the rise of social violence are: the nation's vast hydrocarbon wealth (which is always an outstanding variable because of its economic importance), economic reform and liberalization, and the urbanization process. Although there have been several studies on oil-rich nations (including Venezuela), their economic dynamics, the Latin American urbanization process, and the Venezuelan political crisis, there is an absence of studies that include these intervening factors in a comprehensive manner. This study hopes to fill this gap.

Author : Richard Plunz,Mojdeh Baratloo,Michael Conard
Publisher : Princeton Architectural Press
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Disaster relief
ISBN : 9781568984469

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Caracas Litoral, Venezuela by Richard Plunz,Mojdeh Baratloo,Michael Conard Pdf

"Caracas Litoral, Venezuela looks at the challenges, obstacles, and opportunities facing the reconstruction of coastal communities near Caracas, after mudslides devastated these areas in December 1999. Already in the midst of informal land development, affluent weekend residents from Caracas had awkwardly occupied this dramatic and precarious strip of coastland between the Gulf of Mexico and the Avila Mountain--"also shared with the national airport and second largest seaport. In a city where most of the urban population lives in informal housing, the contested nature of redevelopment--"emergent social, economic, and cultural patterns confronting traditional patterns of settlement--"could easily be predicted. Fully bilingual, in English and Spanish, this book explores opportunities that unite the various constituencies through innovative programming, sustainable geological/hydrological infrastructure, and economically viable housing and commercial development.

Author : Yana Stainova
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-12
Category : Music
ISBN : 9780472039326

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Sonorous Worlds by Yana Stainova Pdf

In Venezuela's El Sistema, music is both a means of government control and a form of emancipation for youth musicians

Author : Janet P. Stamatel
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781440860607

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Examining Crime and Justice around the World by Janet P. Stamatel Pdf

A thorough and timely investigation of both well-established and emerging crime and punishment issues, this book provides readers with compelling examples of how different countries around the world confront these problems. This book offers a detailed look at 10 "hot topics" in crime and punishment that are shared by many countries. Some of these topics are well-established within the field of criminology, such as patterns of criminal behavior, juvenile delinquency, drug trafficking, policing, and punishment; others are emerging topics that have not been well studied across a variety of countries, such as violence against women, hate crimes, and gun control. Within each topic, the book explores how eight countries experience the issue, highlighting similarities across different places as well as unique treatments of the problem. The chapter on punishment addresses the widespread use of incarceration as criminal punishment but also considers different philosophies with respect to the purpose of incarceration and whether or not this strategy is effective in the face of large-scale criminal events, such as mass atrocities. The country narratives provide historical context for understanding the particular crime or punishment issue, current trends, and relevant statistical data for describing the extent of the issue and changes over time, in addition to contemporary examples of the issue.

Author : Alejandro Velasco
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520283312

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Barrio Rising by Alejandro Velasco Pdf

"In the mid-1950s, in an effort to modernize Venezuela, the military government razed dozens of slums in the heart of the capital Caracas, replacing them with massive buildings to house the city's working poor. The project remained unfinished when the dictatorship fell on January 23, 1958, and in a matter of days city residents illegally occupied thousands of apartments, squatted on green spaces, and renamed the neighborhood to honor the emerging democracy: the 23 de Enero (January 23). Over the next thirty years, through eviction efforts, guerrilla conflict, state violence, internal strife, and official neglect, inhabitants of the barrio learned to use their strategic location and symbolic tie to the promise of democracy in order to demand a better life. Granting legitimacy to the state through the vote but protesting its failings with violent street actions when necessary, they laid the foundation for an expansive understanding of democracy--both radical and electoral--whose features still resonate today"--Provided by publisher.

Author : Kosta Mathéy,Silvia Matuk
Publisher : transcript Verlag
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2014-10-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783839429907

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Community-Based Urban Violence Prevention by Kosta Mathéy,Silvia Matuk Pdf

Urban violence has become a major threat in big cities of the world. Where the orthodox protection through the police and individual target hardening remain inefficient, the population must organize itself. This book contains first-hand accounts on a selection of the most innovative experiences in Africa, Latin America, Asia and the Arab region and is of interest likewise for academics and urban practitioners, policy makers, international cooperation experts or travelers preparing a visit of one of the affected countries. With a preface by Caroline Moser.