Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:439896583
World Economic Outlook, April 1989
Anonim
World Economic Outlook April 1989
World Economic Outlook April 1989 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of World Economic Outlook April 1989 book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.
World Economic Outlook, April 1989
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781455266753
World Economic Outlook, April 1989 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf
This paper highlights that the world economic condition improved significantly during 1988. In industrial countries, output growth strengthened markedly in an environment of moderate inflation. World trade expanded at its fastest rate since 1984, which had important spillover effects on many developing countries, particularly the exporters of manufactures; significant progress was made in reducing external imbalances among the major industrial countries; and the aggregate debt-to-exports ratio of developing countries was reduced. At the same time, several aspects of the current situation continue to demand the attention of policymakers.
World Economic Outlook, April 1989
International Monetary Fund
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Economic forecasting
ISBN : 1557751129
World Economic Outlook, April 1989 by International Monetary Fund Pdf
World Economic Outlook, October 1989
International Monetary Fund
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Economic history
ISBN : 1557751315
World Economic Outlook, October 1989 by International Monetary Fund Pdf
World Economic Outlook, October 1989
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451944433
World Economic Outlook, October 1989 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf
This paper highlights that after two years of rapid growth in 1987 and 1988, there are now signs that the economic expansion in industrial countries is moderating to more sustainable rates. Inflation pressures have built up over 1988, reflecting high levels of resource utilization as well as certain temporary factors, but monetary conditions have been tightened substantially. Although the risk of a dangerous acceleration of inflation still exists, it appears to have diminished somewhat. Growth has also been strong in many developing countries, particularly exporters of manufactures.
World Economic Outlook, April 1989
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451944884
World Economic Outlook, April 1989 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf
This paper highlights that the world economic condition improved significantly during 1988. In industrial countries, output growth strengthened markedly in an environment of moderate inflation. World trade expanded at its fastest rate since 1984, which had important spillover effects on many developing countries, particularly the exporters of manufactures; significant progress was made in reducing external imbalances among the major industrial countries; and the aggregate debt-to-exports ratio of developing countries was reduced. At the same time, several aspects of the current situation continue to demand the attention of policymakers.
World Economic Outlook
Anonim
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1982-06
Category : Expenditures, Public
ISBN : 155775084X
World Economic Outlook by Anonim Pdf
World Economic Outlook, April 2009
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2009-04-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781589068063
World Economic Outlook, April 2009 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf
This edition of the World Economic Outlook explores how a dramatic escalation of the financial crisis in September 2008 provoked an unprecedented contraction of activity and trade, despite active policy responses. It presents economic projections for 2009 and 2010, and also looks beyond the current crisis, considering factors that will shape the landscape of the global economy over the medium term, as businesses and households seek to repair the damage. The analysis also outlines the difficult policy challenges presented by the overwhelming imperative to take all steps necessary to restore financial stability and revive the global economy, and the longer-run need for national actions to be mutually supporting. The first of two analytical chapters, "What Kind of Economic Recovery?" explores the shape of the eventual recovery. The second, "The Transmission of Financial Stress from Advanced to Emerging and Developing Economies," focuses on the role of external financial linkages and financial stress in transmitting economic shocks.
1989 World Economic and Financial Surveys
International Monetary Fund
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451940435
1989 World Economic and Financial Surveys by International Monetary Fund Pdf
This paper summarizes major measures taken in the international exchange and trade systems in 1988 and developments in exchange arrangements and the evolution of exchange rates. The exchange arrangements adopted by members since 1973 cover a broad spectrum of degrees of flexibility, from single-currency pegs to a freely floating system. Most countries have adopted arrangements that fall clearly into one or another of the major categories of the present classification system adopted by the IMF in 1982, and countries with dual markets usually have one market that is clearly more important than the other, which allows accurate classification by major market. Changes in IMF members' arrangements for their currencies during this decade have shown a distinct tendency to move toward more flexible arrangements and away from single-currency pegs, continuing a trend that began in the mid-1970s. A qualitative sense of the significance of the trend toward more flexible arrangements can be conveyed by the degree that world trade is affected by countries adopting different arrangements.
World Economic and Financial Surveys, Primary Commoditie, 1989
International Monetary Fund
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451943108
World Economic and Financial Surveys, Primary Commoditie, 1989 by International Monetary Fund Pdf
This paper provides an analysis of the market developments in 1988 with respect to primary commodities and the outlook for these commodities in the near and medium term. Attention is focused on the major nonfuel primary commodities traded in international markets. Movements in the overall price index and in price indices for the major groups of commodities have been mirrored by an inverse movement in stocks of commodities. Beginning-of-year stocks of all nonfuel commodities—measured in terms of months of consumption—increased during the first half of the 1980s and peaked in 1986. Movements in primary commodity prices convey important information in several ways: they signal changes in the major source of export earnings for most developing countries; they indicate changes in a significant component of the cost of producing many manufactured goods; and they may be a helpful leading indicator of changes in inflation in industrial countries. The negotiating groups established for the Uruguay Round met on a number of occasions throughout the year to discuss a wide range of issues.
World Economic Outlook, October 1990
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1990-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451944471
World Economic Outlook, October 1990 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf
This paper highlights that after several years of rapid expansion that brought many countries to historically high levels of resource utilization, the growth of the world economy is projected to slow to about 2 percent in 1990 from 3 percent in 1989. The global slowdown would reflect a moderation of growth in both industrial and developing countries and a contraction of output in Eastern Europe and in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In 1991, the expansion in world output is expected to pick up to 21⁄2 percent, reflecting stronger growth in developing countries.
World Economic Outlook, April 2020
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2020-04-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1513539744
World Economic Outlook, April 2020 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf
The COVID-19 pandemic is inflicting high and rising human costs worldwide, and the necessary protection measures are severely impacting economic activity. As a result of the pandemic, the global economy is projected to contract sharply by –3 percent in 2020, much worse than during the 2008–09 financial crisis. In a baseline scenario--which assumes that the pandemic fades in the second half of 2020 and containment efforts can be gradually unwound--the global economy is projected to grow by 5.8 percent in 2021 as economic activity normalizes, helped by policy support. The risks for even more severe outcomes, however, are substantial. Effective policies are essential to forestall the possibility of worse outcomes, and the necessary measures to reduce contagion and protect lives are an important investment in long-term human and economic health. Because the economic fallout is acute in specific sectors, policymakers will need to implement substantial targeted fiscal, monetary, and financial market measures to support affected households and businesses domestically. And internationally, strong multilateral cooperation is essential to overcome the effects of the pandemic, including to help financially constrained countries facing twin health and funding shocks, and for channeling aid to countries with weak health care systems.
World Economic Outlook, April 2015
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 884 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498378000
World Economic Outlook, April 2015 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf
Global growth remains moderate and uneven, and a number of complex forces are shaping the outlook. These include medium- and long-term trends, global shocks, and many country- or region-specific factors. The April 2015 WEO examines the causes and implications of recent trends, including lower oil prices, which are providing a boost to growth globally and in many oil-importing countries but are weighing on activity in oil-exporting countries, and substantial changes in exchange rates for major currencies, reflecting variations in country growth rates and in exchange rate policies and the lower price of oil. Additionally, analytical chapters explore the growth rate of potential output across advanced and emerging market economies, assessing its recent track and likely future course; and the performance of private fixed investment in advanced economies, which has featured prominently in the public policy debate in recent years, focusing on the role of overall economic weakness in accounting for this performance.
World Economic and Financial Surveys
International Monetary Fund
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1988-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451941784
World Economic and Financial Surveys by International Monetary Fund Pdf
This paper assesses recent trends in international capital markets. It reviews, in particular, the forces currently reshaping the markets of industrial countries and confronting financial institutions with major challenges. For the international capital markets, 1988 was generally a year of recovery. The international securities markets, depressed during the second and third quarters of 1987 and badly shaken by the October market break, rebounded in 1988. Intensifying competition and changing regulatory requirements characterize contemporary financial markets. Competition has been fostered by the internationalization of institutions, the liberalization of domestic markets, technological advances in data processing and telecommunications, and financial product innovations that more extensively link traditional banking and securities markets. A fundamental task of financial intermediaries is to appraise and assume risk and to charge for it appropriately. As a result of regulatory change, the growth of derivative product markets, and technological innovation, competitive pressure appears to be increasing the general level of risk assumed by intermediaries, while only partially providing the tools needed to manage that risk.
World Economic Outlook, April 2014
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484308349
World Economic Outlook, April 2014 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf
Global activity has broadly strengthened and is expected to improve further in 2014–15, according to the April 2014 WEO, with much of the impetus for growth coming from advanced economies. Although downside risks have diminished overall, lower-than-expected inflation poses risks for advanced economies, there is increased financial volatility in emerging market economies, and increases in the cost of capital will likely dampen investment and weigh on growth. Advanced economy policymakers need to avoid a premature withdrawal of monetary accommodation. Emerging market economy policymakers must adopt measures to changing fundamentals, facilitate external adjustment, further monetary policy tightening, and carry out structural reforms. The report includes a chapter that analyzes the causes of worldwide decreases in real interest rates since the 1980s and concludes that global rates can be expected to rise in the medium term, but only moderately. Another chapter examines factors behind the fluctuations in emerging market economies’ growth and concludes that strong growth in China played a key role in buffering the effects of the global financial crisis in these economies.