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Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Economic history
ISBN : 1557751315
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451944433
This paper highlights that after two years of rapid growth in 1987 and 1988, there are now signs that the economic expansion in industrial countries is moderating to more sustainable rates. Inflation pressures have built up over 1988, reflecting high levels of resource utilization as well as certain temporary factors, but monetary conditions have been tightened substantially. Although the risk of a dangerous acceleration of inflation still exists, it appears to have diminished somewhat. Growth has also been strong in many developing countries, particularly exporters of manufactures.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:439896583
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1989-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781455266753
This paper highlights that the world economic condition improved significantly during 1988. In industrial countries, output growth strengthened markedly in an environment of moderate inflation. World trade expanded at its fastest rate since 1984, which had important spillover effects on many developing countries, particularly the exporters of manufactures; significant progress was made in reducing external imbalances among the major industrial countries; and the aggregate debt-to-exports ratio of developing countries was reduced. At the same time, several aspects of the current situation continue to demand the attention of policymakers.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Economic forecasting
ISBN : 1557751129
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1990-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781455237494
This paper highlights that after several years of rapid expansion that brought many countries to historically high levels of resource utilization, the growth of the world economy is projected to slow to about 2 percent in 1990 from 3 percent in 1989. The global slowdown would reflect a moderation of growth in both industrial and developing countries and a contraction of output in Eastern Europe and in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In 1991, the expansion in world output is expected to pick up to 2½ percent, reflecting stronger growth in developing countries.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1991-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781455295005
This paper highlights that world economic growth is estimated to have declined from 3¼ percent in 1989 to 2 percent in 1990, reflecting a slowdown in the industrial countries and a fall in economic activity in developing countries of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and the Western Hemisphere. The growth of the world economy is expected to decline further in 1991 (to 1¼ percent) owing to the weakness of some industrial economies, and to further declines in output in the Middle East and in Eastern Europe.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513516172
Global growth is forecast at 3.0 percent for 2019, its lowest level since 2008–09 and a 0.3 percentage point downgrade from the April 2019 World Economic Outlook.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1990-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451944471
This paper highlights that after several years of rapid expansion that brought many countries to historically high levels of resource utilization, the growth of the world economy is projected to slow to about 2 percent in 1990 from 3 percent in 1989. The global slowdown would reflect a moderation of growth in both industrial and developing countries and a contraction of output in Eastern Europe and in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In 1991, the expansion in world output is expected to pick up to 21⁄2 percent, reflecting stronger growth in developing countries.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1982-06
Category : Expenditures, Public
ISBN : 155775084X
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451944563
This paper highlights that world economic activity showed signs of revival in the first half of 1992 as some major economies slowly began to emerge from the cyclical downturns of 1990–91. During the next 12 months, world growth is expected to continue to recover at a moderate pace. Following stagnation in 1991, world output is projected to expand by 1 percent in 1992 and by 3 percent in 1993, close to the average growth rate during the past two decades.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1991-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451944532
This paper highlights that the growth of world economic activity in 1991 is expected to fall to a scant 1 percent, the lowest in any year since 1982, when the industrial economies were in recession. The slowdown in the expansion of world trade would be considerably more pronounced. Output growth in the industrial countries as a group is expected to average 11⁄4 percent in 1991, reflecting a fall in economic activity in a number of countries. Cyclical divergences among the major countries persisted in the first half of 1991.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484376799
Global growth for 2018–19 is projected to remain steady at its 2017 level, but its pace is less vigorous than projected in April and it has become less balanced. Downside risks to global growth have risen in the past six months and the potential for upside surprises has receded. Global growth is projected at 3.7 percent for 2018–19—0.2 percentage point lower for both years than forecast in April. The downward revision reflects surprises that suppressed activity in early 2018 in some major advanced economies, the negative effects of the trade measures implemented or approved between April and mid-September, as well as a weaker outlook for some key emerging market and developing economies arising from country-specific factors, tighter financial conditions, geopolitical tensions, and higher oil import bills. The balance of risks to the global growth forecast has shifted to the downside in a context of elevated policy uncertainty. Several of the downside risks highlighted in the April 2018 World Economic Outlook (WEO)—such as rising trade barriers and a reversal of capital flows to emerging market economies with weaker fundamentals and higher political risk—have become more pronounced or have partially materialized. Meanwhile, the potential for upside surprises has receded, given the tightening of financial conditions in some parts of the world, higher trade costs, slow implementation of reforms recommended in the past, and waning growth momentum.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2020-04-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1513539744
The COVID-19 pandemic is inflicting high and rising human costs worldwide, and the necessary protection measures are severely impacting economic activity. As a result of the pandemic, the global economy is projected to contract sharply by –3 percent in 2020, much worse than during the 2008–09 financial crisis. In a baseline scenario--which assumes that the pandemic fades in the second half of 2020 and containment efforts can be gradually unwound--the global economy is projected to grow by 5.8 percent in 2021 as economic activity normalizes, helped by policy support. The risks for even more severe outcomes, however, are substantial. Effective policies are essential to forestall the possibility of worse outcomes, and the necessary measures to reduce contagion and protect lives are an important investment in long-term human and economic health. Because the economic fallout is acute in specific sectors, policymakers will need to implement substantial targeted fiscal, monetary, and financial market measures to support affected households and businesses domestically. And internationally, strong multilateral cooperation is essential to overcome the effects of the pandemic, including to help financially constrained countries facing twin health and funding shocks, and for channeling aid to countries with weak health care systems.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 657 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-10-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484348833
Global growth is in low gear, and the drivers of activity are changing. These dynamics raise new policy challenges. Advanced economies are growing again but must continue financial sector repair, pursue fiscal consolidation, and spur job growth. Emerging market economies face the dual challenges of slowing growth and tighter global financial conditions. This issue of the World Economic Outlook examines the potential spillovers from these transitions and the appropriate policy responses. Chapter 3 explores how output comovements are influenced by policy and financial shocks, growth surprises, and other linkages. Chapter 4 assesses why certain emerging market economies were able to avoid the classical boom-and-bust cycle in the face of volatile capital flows during the global financial crisis.