Zero Tolerance Policies In Schools

Author : Derek W Black
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2017-04-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781479886081

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Ending Zero Tolerance by Derek W Black Pdf

Answers the calls of grassroots communities pressing for integration and increased education funding with a complete rethinking of school discipline In the era of zero tolerance, we are flooded with stories about schools issuing draconian punishments for relatively innocent behavior. One student was suspended for chewing a Pop-Tart into the shape of a gun. Another was expelled for cursing on social media from home. Suspension and expulsion rates have doubled over the past three decades as zero tolerance policies have become the normal response to a host of minor infractions that extend well beyond just drugs and weapons. Students from all demographic groups have suffered, but minority and special needs students have suffered the most. On average, middle and high schools suspend one out of four African American students at least once a year. The effects of these policies are devastating. Just one suspension in the ninth grade doubles the likelihood that a student will drop out. Fifty percent of students who drop out are subsequently unemployed. Eighty percent of prisoners are high school drop outs. The risks associated with suspension and expulsion are so high that, as a practical matter, they amount to educational death penalties, not behavioral correction tools. Most important, punitive discipline policies undermine the quality of education that innocent bystanders receive as well—the exact opposite of what schools intend. Derek Black, a former attorney with the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, weaves stories about individual students, lessons from social science, and the outcomes of courts cases to unearth a shockingly irrational system of punishment. While schools and legislatures have proven unable and unwilling to amend their failing policies, Ending Zero Tolerance argues for constitutional protections to check abuses in school discipline and lays out theories by which courts should re-engage to enforce students’ rights and support broader reforms.

Author : Peggy Daniels
Publisher : Greenhaven Publishing LLC
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2008-09-05
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
ISBN : 9780737741896

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Zero Tolerance Policies in Schools by Peggy Daniels Pdf

This compelling volume helps students analyze zero tolerance policies in U.S. public schools, as authors debate the effectiveness and fairness of such policies. Readers will form their own well researched opinion by evaluating each viewpoint offered, ranging in topics such as whether zero tolerance creates risks, whether it harms teachers, whether it treats students and criminals, and most importantly, whether it violates a student's rights.

Author : Gordon A. Crews
Publisher : Information Science Reference
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : School violence
ISBN : 152256246X

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Handbook of Research on School Violence in American K-12 Education by Gordon A. Crews Pdf

"This book examines the most frightening and challenging form of juvenile violence, the K-12 school violence perpetrator, as separate from all other forms of school and public offenders. It separates school violence perpetrators into a more concise types such as: traditional school violence perpetrators, gang-related school violence perpetrators, and non-school associated mentally ill school violence perpetrators"--

Author : Catherine Y. Kim,Daniel J. Losen,Damon T. Hewitt
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-04-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780814763681

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The School-to-Prison Pipeline by Catherine Y. Kim,Daniel J. Losen,Damon T. Hewitt Pdf

Examines the relationship between the law and the school-to-prison pipeline, argues that law can be an effective weapon in the struggle to reduce the number of children caught, and discusses the consequences on families and communities.

Author : Sheila Heaviside
Publisher : U.S. Government Printing Office
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Education
ISBN : STANFORD:36105061793639

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Violence and Discipline Problems in U.S. Public Schools : 1996-97 by Sheila Heaviside Pdf

Under a Congressional mandate, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is required to collect data on the frequency, seriousness, and incidence of violence in elementary and secondary schools. The NCES responded to this requirement by commissioning a survey, the Principal/School Disciplinarian Survey on School Violence, the results of which are detailed in this report. The school violence survey was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1,234 regular public elementary, middle, and secondary schools in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in the spring and summer of 1997. The survey requested information on: (1) the incidence of crime and violence in the public schools; (2) principals' (or school disciplinarians') perceptions about discipline issues; (3) types of disciplinary actions schools took; and (4) security and violence prevention measures in the schools. More than half of U.S. public schools reported experiencing at least one crime incident in the school year 1996-97, and 1 in 10 schools reported at least one serious violent crime during the school year. Crime and violence were more of a problem in middle and high schools than in elementary schools. Middle and high schools were more likely to report that they had experienced one or more incidents of any crime and one or more incidents of serious violent crime than elementary schools. Most public schools reported having zero tolerance policies towards serious student offenses, and most schools reported that they used low levels of security measures to prevent violence. Most schools reported having formal school violence prevention programs. An appendix contains the survey questionnaire. (Contains 12 figures, 32 tables.) (SLD)

Author : Brian Schoonover,Brian Schoonover, PhD
Publisher : iUniverse
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781440110733

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Zero Tolerance Discipline Policies by Brian Schoonover,Brian Schoonover, PhD Pdf

Mandatory punishments for disciplinary offenses have been included in school districts' Student Codes of Conduct since it was mandated by the Gun Free Schools Act of 1994. While zero tolerance policies were initially created to protect students and teachers from gun attacks in schools, the way in which these policies have actually been implemented in schools has prompted some parents, educators, and politicians to challenge them and call for zero tolerance policy reform. Since 1994, a majority of school districts have expanded their use of zero tolerance policies to include infractions other than those included to keep guns out of schools. Zero Tolerance Discipline Policies, the first comprehensive study of its kind, conducted by author Dr. Brian James Schoonover, examines the history of zero tolerance policies, including the practice of adding offenses other than the possession of guns to these policies. With practical, action oriented recommendations on ways policymakers and educational leaders can improve how students are disciplined, Zero Tolerance Discipline Policies offers recommendations on what should be included in a model Student Code of Conduct as well as a recommendation for starting a Three CHANCE (Changing Habits After New Character Education) system of educational placements to ensure all students are educated in a safe and appropriate facility.

Author : Daniel J. Losen
Publisher : Teachers College Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780807773499

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Closing the School Discipline Gap by Daniel J. Losen Pdf

Educators remove over 3.45 million students from school annually for disciplinary reasons, despite strong evidence that school suspension policies are harmful to students. The research presented in this volume demonstrates that disciplinary policies and practices that schools control directly exacerbate today's profound inequities in educational opportunity and outcomes. Part I explores how suspensions flow along the lines of race, gender, and disability status. Part II examines potential remedies that show great promise, including a district-wide approach in Cleveland, Ohio, aimed at social and emotional learning strategies. Closing the School Discipline Gap is a call for action that focuses on an area in which public schools can and should make powerful improvements, in a relatively short period of time. Contributors include Robert Balfanz, Jamilia Blake, Dewey Cornell, Jeremy D. Finn, Thalia González, Anne Gregory, Daniel J. Losen, David M. Osher, Russell J. Skiba, Ivory A. Toldson “Closing the School Discipline Gap can make an enormous difference in reducing disciplinary exclusions across the country. This book not only exposes unsound practices and their disparate impact on the historically disadvantaged, but provides educators, policymakers, and community advocates with an array of remedies that are proven effective or hold great promise. Educators, communities, and students alike can benefit from the promising interventions and well-grounded recommendations.” —Linda Darling-Hammond, Charles E. Ducommun Professor of Education, Stanford University “For over four decades school discipline policies and practices in too many places have pushed children out of school, especially children of color. Closing the School Discipline Gap shows that adults have the power—and responsibility—to change school climates to better meet the needs of children. This volume is a call to action for policymakers, educators, parents, and students.” —Marian Wright Edelman, president, Children’s Defense Fund

Author : William Ayers,Bernardine Dohrn,Rick Ayers
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Education
ISBN : 1565846664

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Zero Tolerance by William Ayers,Bernardine Dohrn,Rick Ayers Pdf

Essays present arguments against zero-tolerance policies found in schools across the United States.

Author : Glenn W. Muschert,Stuart Henry,Nicole L. Bracy,Anthony A. Peguero
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Pub
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1588269078

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Responding to School Violence by Glenn W. Muschert,Stuart Henry,Nicole L. Bracy,Anthony A. Peguero Pdf

Why do so many school antiviolence programs backfire? And why do policymakers keep making the same mistakes? The authors of Responding to School Violence examine the pervasive rise of school security measures since the Columbine shootings, highlighting the unintended consequences of policymaking too often shaped by fear and sensationalism. Probing an array of now ubiquitous tactics and programs¿metal detectors, police patrols, zero tolerance policies, and more¿the authors show how increasingly punitive schoolhouse dynamics negatively affect student safety and even educational experiences. They also share lessons from past mistakes and identify workable, comprehensive approaches for addressing a recurrent social problem.

Author : Nancy A. Heitzeg
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2016-04-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781440831126

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The School-to-Prison Pipeline by Nancy A. Heitzeg Pdf

This book offers a research and comparison-driven look at the school-to-prison pipeline, its racial dynamics, the connections to mass incarceration, and our flawed educational climate—and suggests practical remedies for change. How is racism perpetuated by the education system, particularly via the "school-to-prison pipeline?" How is the school to prison pipeline intrinsically connected to the larger context of the prison industrial complex as well as the extensive and ongoing criminalization of youth of color? This book uniquely describes the system of policies and practices that racialize criminalization by routing youth of color out of school and towards prison via the school-to-prison pipeline while simultaneously medicalizing white youth for comparable behaviors. This work is the first to consider and link all of the research and data from a sociological perspective, using this information to locate racism in our educational systems; describe the rise of the so-called prison industrial complex; spotlight the concomitant expansion of the "medical-industrial complex" as an alternative for controlling the white and well-off, both adult and juveniles; and explore the significance of media in furthering the white racial frame that typically views people of color as "criminals" as an automatic response. The author also examines the racial dynamics of the school to prison pipeline as documented by rates of suspension, expulsion, and referrals to legal systems and sheds light on the comparative dynamics of the related educational social control of white and middle-class youth in the larger context of society as a whole.

Author : J. Kafka
Publisher : Springer
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2011-11-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9781137001962

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The History of "Zero Tolerance" in American Public Schooling by J. Kafka Pdf

Through a case study of the Los Angeles city school district from the 1950s through the 1970s, Judith Kafka explores the intersection of race, politics, and the bureaucratic organization of schooling. Kafka argues that control over discipline became increasingly centralized in the second half of the twentieth century in response to pressures exerted by teachers, parents, students, principals, and local politicians - often at different historical moments, and for different purposes. Kafka demonstrates that the racial inequities produced by today's school discipline policies were not inevitable, nor are they immutable.

Author : Brian Schoonover PhD
Publisher : iUniverse
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2009-03-20
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781440110726

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Zero Tolerance Discipline Policies by Brian Schoonover PhD Pdf

Mandatory punishments for disciplinary offenses have been included in school districts Student Codes of Conduct since it was mandated by the GunFree Schools Act of 1994. While zero tolerance policies were initially created to protect students and teachers from gun attacks in schools, the way in which these policies have actually been implemented in schools has prompted some parents, educators, and politicians to challenge them and call for zero tolerance policy reform. Since 1994, a majority of school districts have expanded their use of zero tolerance policies to include infractions other than those included to keep guns out of schools. Zero Tolerance Discipline Policies, the first comprehensive study of its kind, conducted by author Dr. Brian James Schoonover, examines the history of zero tolerance policies, including the practice of adding offenses other than the possession of guns to these policies. With practical, actionoriented recommendations on ways policymakers and educational leaders can improve how students are disciplined, Zero Tolerance Discipline Policies offers recommendations on what should be included in a model Student Code of Conduct as well as a recommendation for starting a ThreeCHANCE (Changing Habits After New Character Education) system of educational placements to ensure all students are educated in a safe and appropriate facility.

Author : Aaron Kupchik
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-08-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780814748213

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Homeroom Security by Aaron Kupchik Pdf

Police officers, armed security guards, surveillance cameras, and metal detectors are common features of the disturbing new landscape at many of today's high schools. You will also find new and harsher disciplinary practices: zero-tolerance policies, random searches with drug-sniffing dogs, and mandatory suspensions, expulsions, and arrests, despite the fact that school crime and violence have been decreasing in the US for the past two decades. While most educators, students, and parents accept these harsh policing and punishment strategies based on the assumption that they keep children safe, Aaron Kupchik argues that we need to think more carefully about how we protect and punish students. In Homeroom Security, Kupchik shows that these policies lead schools to prioritize the rules instead of students, so that students' real problems--often the very reasons for their misbehaviour--get ignored. Based on years of impressive field research, Kupchik demonstrates that the policies we have zealously adopted in schools across the country are the opposite of the strategies that are known to successfully reduce student misbehaviour and violence. As a result, contemporary school discipline is often unhelpful, and can be hurtful to students in ways likely to make schools more violent places. Furthermore, those students who are most at-risk of problems in schools and dropping out are the ones who are most affected by these counterproductive policies. Schools and students can and should be safe, and Homeroom Security offers real strategies for making them so.

Author : Derek W. Black
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : LAW
ISBN : 1479873128

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Ending Zero Tolerance by Derek W. Black Pdf

Author : Augustina H. Reyes
Publisher : R & L Education
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Education
ISBN : STANFORD:36105114548832

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Discipline, Achievement, and Race by Augustina H. Reyes Pdf

Fifty years after Brown v. Board of Education, inequalities in public education are evident in the number of Black and Latino students who are held back, fail to graduate from high school, or have been removed from school by unforgiving zero-tolerance discipline policies. Augustina H. Reyes contends that when ineffective zero-tolerance discipline policies disproportionately remove minority and low-income students from schools, the very roots of a democracy are threatened. It is important for educators to understand the effects of zero-tolerance discipline policies on low-income students, at-risk students, special education students, and students of color. It is equally important that educators critically investigate the effects of zero-tolerance discipline policies, re-evaluate the use of these policies in public schools. Discipline, Achievement, and Race offers a comprehensive analysis of policy and practice and recommends solutions to the exclusionary discipline policies of zero tolerance. It will be of interest to teachers, principals and assistant, principals, counselors, and concerned parents. Book jacket.