Governance Of Dual Use Research In The Life Sciences

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Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences
Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 211 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018-12-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309477994

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Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences Pdf

Continuing advances in science and technology offer the promise of providing tools to meet global challenges in health, agriculture, the environment, and economic development; some of the benefits are already being realized. However, such advances have the potential to challenge the oversight systems for responsible conduct of life sciences research with dual use potential â€" research that may have beneficial applications but that also could be misused to cause harm. Between June 10 and 13, 2018, more than 70 participants from 30 different countries and 5 international organizations took part in an international workshop, The Governance of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences: Advancing Global Consensus on Research Oversight, to promote global dialogue and increased common understandings of the essential elements of governance for such research. Hosted by the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb, Croatia, the workshop was a collaboration among the InterAcademy Partnership, the Croatian Academy, the Croatian Society for Biosafety and Biosecurity, and the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management
Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309458887

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Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Dual Use Research of Concern: Options for Future Management Pdf

The potential misuse of advances in life sciences research is raising concerns about national security threats. Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences: Current Issues and Controversies examines the U.S. strategy for reducing biosecurity risks in life sciences research and considers mechanisms that would allow researchers to manage the dissemination of the results of research while mitigating the potential for harm to national security.

Global guidance framework for the responsible use of the life sciences

Anonim
Global guidance framework for the responsible use of the life sciences Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240056107

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Global guidance framework for the responsible use of the life sciences by Anonim Pdf

The framework aims to provide global perspectives on principles, tools and mechanisms to support Member States and relevant stakeholders to mitigate and prevent biorisks and govern dual-use research. The framework adopts the One health approach and focuses on the role that responsible life sciences research can play in preventing and mitigating risks caused by accidents, inadvertent or deliberate misuse with the intention to cause harm to humans, nonhuman animals, plants and agriculture, and the environment. The framework is primarily intended for those who have responsibilities in the governance of biorisks, such as policy makers and regulators in charge of developing national policies to harness the potential benefits of the life sciences while constraining their risks. The framework is also directed towards scientists and research institutions, educators, trainers, project management staff, funding bodies, publishers, editors, the private sector and all relevant stakeholders that are part of the research life cycle. The governance of biorisks is an issue that should engage all countries, although countries will have different contexts, needs and starting points. Mitigating these risks will require individual and collective actions among different stakeholders and disciplines. Mitigating biorisks and governing dual-use research is a shared responsibility.

Technical Advisory Group on the Responsible Use of the Life Sciences and Dual-Use Research (TAG-RULS DUR)

World Health Organization
Technical Advisory Group on the Responsible Use of the Life Sciences and Dual Use Research TAG RULS DUR Book PDF

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 15 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2024-04-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789240089709

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Technical Advisory Group on the Responsible Use of the Life Sciences and Dual-Use Research (TAG-RULS DUR) by World Health Organization Pdf

The Technical Advisory Group on the Responsible Use of the Life Sciences and Dual-Use Research (TAG-RULS DUR) was established in November 2023 to provide independent advice to WHO including on technical and strategic advice relevant to the monitoring and mitigation of biorisks, advances in the life sciences and related technologies, the governance of dual-use research and the responsible use of the life sciences. On 24 January 2024, eighteen members of the TAG-RULS DUR virtually met to introduce TAG-RULS DUR members; to discuss current and future activities related to the responsible use of the life sciences and dual-use research; and to share the members’ perspectives and visions on the work ahead.

Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Education on Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences
Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Education on Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2011-01-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309158404

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Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Education on Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences Pdf

The Challenges and Opportunities for Education About Dual Use Issues in the Life Sciences workshop was held to engage the life sciences community on the particular security issues related to research with dual use potential. More than 60 participants from almost 30 countries took part and included practicing life scientists, bioethics and biosecurity practitioners, and experts in the design of educational programs. The workshop sought to identify a baseline about (1) the extent to which dual use issues are currently being included in postsecondary education (undergraduate and postgraduate) in the life sciences; (2) in what contexts that education is occurring (e.g., in formal coursework, informal settings, as stand-alone subjects or part of more general training, and in what fields); and (3) what online educational materials addressing research in the life sciences with dual use potential already exist.

Science and Security in a Post 9/11 World

National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on a New Government-University Partnership for Science and Security
Science and Security in a Post 9 11 World Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on a New Government-University Partnership for Science and Security
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2007-10-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309179553

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Science and Security in a Post 9/11 World by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on a New Government-University Partnership for Science and Security Pdf

Based on a series of regional meetings on university campuses with officials from the national security community and academic research institutions, this report identifies specific actions that should be taken to maintain a thriving scientific research environment in an era of heightened security concerns. Actions include maintaining the open exchange of scientific information, fostering a productive environment for international scholars in the U.S., reexamining federal definitions of sensitive but unclassified research, and reviewing policies on deemed export controls. The federal government should establish a standing entity, preferably a Science and Security Commission, that would review policies regarding the exchange of information and the participation of foreign-born scientists and students in research.

A Web of Prevention

Brian Rappert,Caitriona McLeish
A Web of Prevention Book PDF

Author : Brian Rappert,Caitriona McLeish
Publisher : Earthscan
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-05-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781849770354

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A Web of Prevention by Brian Rappert,Caitriona McLeish Pdf

Web of Prevention provides a timely contribution to the current debate about life science research and its implications for security. It is an informative guide for both experts and the public. It is a forward-looking contribution covering both ends of the equation and creates momentum for the current discussion on effective preventive measures and effective control measures. While there are no guarantees for preventing misuse, there are nonetheless crucial steps the world community can take towards the overarching goal of a global network for the life sciences. This book sheds light on concrete steps toward the achievement of this worthy goal. "This book with its collection of essays provides an in-depth analysis of the various mutually reinforcing elements that together create and strengthen a web of prevention - or of assurance - that is vital to ensure that the advances in the life sciences are not misused to cause harm. All those engaged in the life sciences and in policy making in governments around the world should read this book so they can take steps to strengthen the web preventing biological weapons". From the Foreword by Dr Gabriele Kraatz-Wadsack, Chief, Weapons of Mass Destruction Branch, Office for Disarmament Affairs, United Nations. "Since September 11, 2001 in many countries renewed attention has been given to how research in the life sciences might inadvertently or intentionally facilitate the development of biological or chemical weapons. This state-of-the-art volume examines the full extent of the issues and debates. Coverage includes an overview of recent scientific achievements in virology, microbiology, immunology and genetic engineering with a view to asking how they might facilitate the production of weapons of mass destruction by state, sub-state or terrorist organizations. Consideration is given to what we have and haven't learned from the past. Employing both academic analysis and reflections by practitioners, the book examines the security-inspired governance regimes for the life sciences that are under development. Ultimately the authors examine what is required to form a comprehensive and workable web of prevention and highlight the importance of encouraging discussions between scientists, policy makers and others regarding the governance of vital but potentially dangerous research". Dr Graham S. Pearson, Visiting Professor of International Security, University of Bradford, UK and previously Director-General, Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment, UK

A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences

American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education
A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences Book PDF

Author : American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2009-07-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309141802

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A Survey of Attitudes and Actions on Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences by American Association for the Advancement of Science,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Assessing Fundamental Attitudes of Life Scientists as a Basis for Biosecurity Education Pdf

The same technologies that fuel scientific advances also pose potential risks-that the knowledge, tools, and techniques gained through legitimate biotechnology research could be misused to create biological weapons or for bioterrorism. This is often called the dual use dilemma of the life sciences. Yet even research with the greatest potential for misuse may offer significant benefits. Determining how to constrain the danger without harming essential scientific research is critical for national security as well as prosperity and well-being. This book discusses a 2007 survey of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) members in the life sciences about their knowledge of dual use issues and attitudes about their responsibilities to help mitigate the risks of misuse of their research. Overall, the results suggest that there may be considerable support for approaches to oversight that rely on measures that are developed and implemented by the scientific community itself. The responses also suggest that there is a need to clarify the scope of research activities of concern and to provide guidance about what actions scientists can take to reduce the risk that their research will be misused by those with malicious intent.

Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza

National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Board on Global Health,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Forum on Microbial Threats
Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Board on Global Health,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Forum on Microbial Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 133 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309267786

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Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Board on Global Health,Board on Life Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf

When, in late 2011, it became public knowledge that two research groups had submitted for publication manuscripts that reported on their work on mammalian transmissibility of a lethal H5N1 avian influenza strain, the information caused an international debate about the appropriateness and communication of the researchers' work, the risks associated with the work, partial or complete censorship of scientific publications, and dual-use research of concern in general. Recognizing that the H5N1 research is only the most recent scientific activity subject to widespread attention due to safety and security concerns, on May 1, 2012, the National Research Council's Committee on Science, Technology and Law, in conjunction with the Board on Life Sciences and the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats, convened a one-day public workshop for the purposes of 1) discussing the H5N1 controversy; 2) considering responses by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which had funded this research, the World Health Organization, the U.S. National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB), scientific publishers, and members of the international research community; and 3) providing a forum wherein the concerns and interests of the broader community of stakeholders, including policy makers, biosafety and biosecurity experts, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, and the general public might be articulated. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Enquiry, Communication, Controversy summarizes the proceedings of the workshop.

Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology
Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309465182

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Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology Pdf

Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers to concepts, approaches, and tools that enable the modification or creation of biological organisms, is being pursued overwhelmingly for beneficial purposes ranging from reducing the burden of disease to improving agricultural yields to remediating pollution. Although the contributions synthetic biology can make in these and other areas hold great promise, it is also possible to imagine malicious uses that could threaten U.S. citizens and military personnel. Making informed decisions about how to address such concerns requires a realistic assessment of the capabilities that could be misused. Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology explores and envisions potential misuses of synthetic biology. This report develops a framework to guide an assessment of the security concerns related to advances in synthetic biology, assesses the levels of concern warranted for such advances, and identifies options that could help mitigate those concerns.

Innovation, Dual Use, and Security

Jonathan B. Tucker
Innovation Dual Use and Security Book PDF

Author : Jonathan B. Tucker
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780262516969

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Innovation, Dual Use, and Security by Jonathan B. Tucker Pdf

A framework for assessing the security risks of emerging dual-use technologies and devising tailored governance strategies is proposed and applied to contemporary case studies. Recent advances in disciplines such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, and neuropharmacology entail a “dual-use dilemma” because they promise benefits for human health and welfare yet pose the risk of misuse for hostile purposes. The emerging field of synthetic genomics, for example, can produce custom DNA molecules for life-saving drugs but also makes possible the creation of deadly viral agents for biological warfare or terrorism. The challenge for policymakers is to prevent the misuse of these new technologies without forgoing their benefits. Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a systematic approach for managing the dual-use dilemma. The book presents a “decision framework” for assessing the security risks of emerging technologies and fashioning governance strategies to manage those risks. This framework is applied to fourteen contemporary case studies, including synthetic genomics, DNA shuffling and directed evolution, combinatorial chemistry, protein engineering, immunological modulation, and aerosol vaccines. The book also draws useful lessons from two historical cases: the development of the V-series nerve agents in Britain and the use and misuse of LSD by the U.S. Army and the CIA. Innovation, Dual Use, and Security offers a comprehensive, multifaceted introduction to the challenges of governing dual-use technologies in an era of rapid innovation. The book will be of interest to government officials and other practitioners as well as to students and scholars in security studies, science and technology studies, biology, and chemistry.

Biotechnology, Security and the Search for Limits

B. Rappert
Biotechnology Security and the Search for Limits Book PDF

Author : B. Rappert
Publisher : Springer
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2007-09-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780230223158

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Biotechnology, Security and the Search for Limits by B. Rappert Pdf

Biotechnology, Security and the Search for Limits examines the post 9/11 security implications for life science research as well as the methodological issues associated with conducting social research. In doing so the book considers the place of biological and social research in creating and responding to societal problems.

Dual-use life science research and biosecurity in the 21st Century: Social, Technical, Policy, and Ethical Challenges

Jonathan E. Suk,Kathleen M. Vogel,Amanda Jane Ozin
Dual use life science research and biosecurity in the 21st Century Social Technical Policy and Ethical Challenges Book PDF

Author : Jonathan E. Suk,Kathleen M. Vogel,Amanda Jane Ozin
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 97 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2015-06-04
Category : Life sciences
ISBN : 9782889195688

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Dual-use life science research and biosecurity in the 21st Century: Social, Technical, Policy, and Ethical Challenges by Jonathan E. Suk,Kathleen M. Vogel,Amanda Jane Ozin Pdf

In September 2011, scientists announced new experimental findings that would not only threaten the conduct and publication of influenza research, but would have significant policy and intelligence implications. The findings presented a modified variant of the H5N1 avian influenza virus (hereafter referred to as the H5N1 virus) that was transmissible via aerosol between ferrets. These results suggested a worrisome possibility: the existence of a new airborne and highly lethal H5N1 virus that could cause a deadly global pandemic. In response, a series of international discussions on the nature of dual-use life science arose. These discussions addressed the complex social, technical, political, security, and ethical issues related to dual-use research. This Research Topic will be devoted to contributions that explore this matrix of issues from a variety of case study and international perspectives.

Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual-Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences

Seumas Miller,Michael J. Selgelid
Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences Book PDF

Author : Seumas Miller,Michael J. Selgelid
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2008-07-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781402083129

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Ethical and Philosophical Consideration of the Dual-Use Dilemma in the Biological Sciences by Seumas Miller,Michael J. Selgelid Pdf

What Is the Dual-Use Dilemma? The so-called “dual-use dilemma” arises in the context of research in the biological and other sciences as a consequence of the fact that one and the same piece of sci- tific research sometimes has the potential to be used for harm as well as for good. A dual-use dilemma is an ethical dilemma, and an ethical dilemma for the researcher (and for those who have the power or authority to assist or impede the researcher’s work, e. g. , governments). It is an ethical dilemma since it is about promoting good in the context of the potential for also causing harm, e. g. , the p- motion of health in the context of providing the wherewithal for the killing of in- cents. It is an ethical dilemma for the researcher not because he or she is aiming at anything other than a good outcome; typically, the researcher intends no harm, but only good. Rather, the dilemma arises for the researcher because of the potential actions of others. Malevolent non-researchers might steal dangerous biological agents produced by the researcher; alternatively, other researchers—or at least their governments or leadership—might use the results of the original researcher’s work for malevolent purposes. The malevolent purposes in question include bioterrorism, biowarfare and blackmail for financial gain.

Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential

Bibliotheca Alexandrina,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Developing a Framework for an International Faculty Development Project on Education about Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential
Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential Book PDF

Author : Bibliotheca Alexandrina,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Developing a Framework for an International Faculty Development Project on Education about Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2012-04-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309221207

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Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential by Bibliotheca Alexandrina,National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on Developing a Framework for an International Faculty Development Project on Education about Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential Pdf

In many countries, colleges and universities are where the majority of innovative research is done; in all cases, they are where future scientists receive both their initial training and their initial introduction to the norms of scientific conduct regardless of their eventual career paths. Thus, institutions of higher education are particularly relevant to the tasks of education on research with dual use potential, whether for faculty, postdoctoral researchers, graduate and undergraduate students, or technical staff. Research in the Life Sciences with Dual Use Potential describes the outcomes of the planning meeting for a two-year project to develop a network of faculty who will be able to teach the challenges of research in the life sciences with dual use potential. Faculty will be able to incorporate such concepts into their teaching and research through exposure to the tenets of responsible conduct of research in active learning teaching methods. This report is intended to provide guidelines for that effort and to be applicable to any country wishing to adopt this educational model that combines principles of active learning and training with attention to norms of responsible science. The potential audiences include a broad array of current and future scientists and the policymakers who develop laws and regulations around issues of dual use.