Authoritarian Power And State Formation In Ba Thist Syria

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Authoritarian Power And State Formation In Ba`thist Syria

Raymond A Hinnebusch
Authoritarian Power And State Formation In Ba thist Syria Book PDF

Author : Raymond A Hinnebusch
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429722097

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Authoritarian Power And State Formation In Ba`thist Syria by Raymond A Hinnebusch Pdf

The social and economic forces that worked together to bring the Ba'thist party to power in 1963: the failure of traditional and liberal leadership, an agrarian crisis, the development of party ideology, the politicization of the army and rural mobilization - are examined in this study. Dr Hinnebusch aims to show how the Ba'th's road to power shaped its ideology and the character of its rule. Attention is then given to the pillars of state power - the army, political organizations and the peasantry. The author concludes that the regime has pursued a dual strategy for maintaining power - placing kin and clientelist networks at the levers of coercive power and building structures based on the mass incorporation of the rural population.

Syria

Samer N. Abboud
Syria Book PDF

Author : Samer N. Abboud
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781509522446

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Syria by Samer N. Abboud Pdf

With more than 500,000 people killed and at least half the population displaced, Syria’s conflict is the most deadly of the twenty-first century. Russia’s decision to join the war has broken the long military and political stalemate but it looks unlikely to deliver any of the core demands that spawned the original uprising against the Ba’athist regime. In this fully revised second edition of his acclaimed text, Samer Abboud provides an in-depth analysis of Syria’s descent into civil war, the subsequent stalemate, and the consequences of Russian military involvement after 2015. He unravels the complex and multi-layered drivers of the conflict and demonstrates how rebel fragmentation, sustained regime violence, international actors, and the emergence of competing centers of power tore Syria apart in wholly irreversible ways. A resolution to the Syrian catastrophe seems to have emerged in the aftermath of Russia’s intervention, but, as Abboud argues, this “authoritarian peace” contains the seeds of continued and future conflict in Syria. While the Assad regime has so far survived, the instability, violence, and insecurity that continue to shape everyday life for the Syrian people portend an uncertain future that will have repercussions on the wider Middle East for years to come.

New Opposition in the Middle East

Dara Conduit,Shahram Akbarzadeh
New Opposition in the Middle East Book PDF

Author : Dara Conduit,Shahram Akbarzadeh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2018-09-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789811088216

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New Opposition in the Middle East by Dara Conduit,Shahram Akbarzadeh Pdf

This book uses a Contentious Politics lens to examine patterns of contestation since 2009 and 2011 among the Middle East's most important opposition actors. The volume is comprised of seven chapters that ask questions in relation to the responsiveness of opposition groups to their political environments, the long-term legacies of authoritarianism, and whether the post-2009/2011 political environment is better or worse for Middle Eastern oppositions. It interrogates the ways in which oppositions have morphed in relation to this changed operating environment, subjectively interpreting the costs and benefits of contestation in order to maximise political opportunities. To some oppositions, changes in the power balance between regime structures and opposition agents led to unprecedented opportunity for political action, while for others, structures were galvanised to restrict opposition activities. In total, the volume shows that even though the Arab Uprisings and Green Movement achieved few of their overt goals, the events unleashed smaller shifts across the region that have led to a fundamental change in the politics of contestation amongst the region’s oppositions. These patterns echo experiences in other parts of the world, including the coloured revolutions in post-Soviet states, and the political environment in Chile after Pinochet.

Genocide Perspectives VI

Nikki Marczak,Kirril Shields
Genocide Perspectives VI Book PDF

Author : Nikki Marczak,Kirril Shields
Publisher : UTS ePRESS
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780977520046

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Genocide Perspectives VI by Nikki Marczak,Kirril Shields Pdf

Genocide Perspectives VI grapples with two core themes: the personal toll of genocide, and processes that facilitate the crime. From political choices governments and leaders make, through to denialism and impunity, the crime of genocide recurs again and again, across the globe. At what cost to individuals and communities? What might the legacy of this criminality be? This collection of essays examines the personal sacrifice genocide takes from those who live through the trauma, and the generations that follow. Contributors speak to the way visual art and literature attempt to represent genocide, hoping to make sense of problematic histories while also offering a means of reflection after years of “slow violence” or silenced memories. Some authors generously allow us into their own histories, or contemplate how they may have experienced genocide had they been born in another time or place. What facets contribute to the processes that lead to, or enable the crime of genocide? This collection explores those processes through a variety of case studies and lenses. How do nurses, whose role is inherently linked to care and compassion, become mass killers? How do restrictions on religious freedom play a role in advancing genocidal policies, and why do perpetrators of genocide often target religious leaders? Why is it so important for Australia and other nations with histories of colonial genocide to acknowledge their past? Among the essays published in this volume, we have the privilege and the sorrow of publishing the very last essay Professor Colin Tatz wrote before his passing in 2019. His contribution reveals, yet again, the enormous influence of both his research and his original ideas on genocide. He reflects on continuing legacies for Indigenous Australian communities, with whom he worked for many decades, and adds nuance to contemporary understanding of the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust, two other cases to which he was deeply committed.

Power, Sect and State in Syria

A. Maria A. Kastrinou
Power Sect and State in Syria Book PDF

Author : A. Maria A. Kastrinou
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2016-03-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780857727527

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Power, Sect and State in Syria by A. Maria A. Kastrinou Pdf

The Syrian state's rhetoric of Arab nationalism left little room for the official recognition of minority identities in pre-war Syria. Yet in practice, the state continually engaged with the Druze and other minorities to reinforce its legitimacy, often through cultural policy. Uncovering this neglected aspect of pre-war Syrian politics, Kastrinou explores the cultural politics of marriage in Syria, primarily among the Druze, to reveal how practical rituals of marriage inform sectarian and national identity formation.Challenging the assumed inherence of sectarianism and Druze endogamy, the book provides an historical and ethnographic account of political power and its relation to social control in Syria. It demonstrates the centrality of the body to Druze cosmology and how ritual performances of birth, marriage and death maintain and negotiate sectarian cohesion. Connecting these struggles to national and international politics, Kastrinou examines how both the Syrian government and the European Union have sponsored marriage-themed dance performances in Syria, each leveraging its cultural importance to legitimise their own policy goals. The book establishes marriage as a pervasive idiom for the construction of collective identity in Syria, which is appropriated by individuals, sects, states and intergovernmental organizations alike. Its conclusions are relevant to scholars of Middle East studies, sectarianism, anthropology and politics.

State and Tribes in Syria

Haian Dukhan
State and Tribes in Syria Book PDF

Author : Haian Dukhan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2019-01-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351025409

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State and Tribes in Syria by Haian Dukhan Pdf

State and Tribes in Syria: Informal Alliances and Conflict Patterns explores the policies of the successive Syrian governments towards the Arab tribes and their reactions to these policies. The book examines the consequences of the relationship between state and tribe since the fall of the Ottoman Empire and its withdrawal from Syria in 1916 until the eruption of the current Syrian civil war. Throughout history and up to the present day, tribalism continues to influence many issues related to governance, conflict and stability in the Middle East and North Africa. The book provides a dissection of a crucial, but neglected axis of the current crisis on the relationship between the state and the tribes. The research draws on data gathered through interviews with members of Syrian tribes, as well as written literature in various languages including English, Arabic and French. The book combines the research focus of political scientists and anthropologists by relating the local patterns (communities and tribal affiliations) to the larger system (state institutions and policies) of which they are a part. State and Tribes in Syria: Informal Alliances and Conflict Patterns advances our knowledge of an under-studied component of the Syrian society: the tribes. Therefore it is a vital resource for students, scholars and policymakers interested in Syrian Studies and Middle Eastern Studies.

The First World War and Its Aftermath

T. G Fraser
The First World War and Its Aftermath Book PDF

Author : T. G Fraser
Publisher : Gingko Library
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781909942769

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The First World War and Its Aftermath by T. G Fraser Pdf

Think of a map of World War I and chances are that map will be of Europe—but the First World War had just as heavy an impact on the Middle East, shaping the region into what we know it as today. This book gathers together leading scholars in the field to examine this impact, which is crucial to understanding the region’s current problems and the rise of groups like the Islamic State. In addition to recounting the crucial international politics that drew fierce lines in the sands of the Middle East—a story of intrigue between the British, Russians, Ottomans, North Africans, Americans, and others—the contributors engage topics ranging from the war’s effects on women, the experience of the Kurds, sectarianism, the evolution of Islamism, and the importance of prominent intellectuals like Ziya Gökalp and Michel ‘Aflaq. They examine the dissolution of the Ottoman empire, the exploitation of notions of Islamic unity and pan-Arabism, the influences of Woodrow Wilson and American ideals on Middle East leaders, and likewise the influence of Vladimir Lenin’s vision of a communist utopia. Altogether, they tell a story of promises made and promises broken, of the struggle between self-determination and international recognition, of centuries-old empires laying in ruin, and of the political poker of the twentieth century that carved up the region, separating communities into the artificial states we know today.

Informal Power in the Greater Middle East

Luca Anceschi,Gennaro Gervasio,Andrea Teti
Informal Power in the Greater Middle East Book PDF

Author : Luca Anceschi,Gennaro Gervasio,Andrea Teti
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2014-02-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317816478

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Informal Power in the Greater Middle East by Luca Anceschi,Gennaro Gervasio,Andrea Teti Pdf

Over the last decade or so, academic and non-academic observers have focussed mainly, if not exclusively on the institutions and places of formal power in the Greater Middle East, depicting politics in the region as a small area limited to local authoritarian rulers. In contrast, this book aims to explore the ‘hidden geographies’ of power, i.e. the political dynamics developing inside, in parallel to, and beyond institutional forums; arguing that these hidden geographies play a crucial role, both in support of and in opposition to official power. By observing less frequented spaces of power, co-option, and negotiation, and particularly by focusing on the interplay between formal and informal power, this interdisciplinary collection provides new insights in the study of the intersection between policy-making and practical political dynamics in the Greater Middle East. Contributing a fresh perspective to a much-discussed topic, Informal Power in the Greater Middle East will be an invaluable resource for students, scholars and those interested in the politics of the region.

Religion and State in Syria

Thomas Pierret
Religion and State in Syria Book PDF

Author : Thomas Pierret
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139620062

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Religion and State in Syria by Thomas Pierret Pdf

While Syria has been dominated since the 1960s by a determinedly secular regime, the 2011 uprising has raised many questions about the role of Islam in the country's politics. This book demonstrates that with the eradication of the Muslim Brothers after the failed insurrection of 1982, Sunni men of religion became the only voice of the Islamic trend in the country. Through educational programs, charitable foundations and their deft handling of tribal and merchant networks, they took advantage of popular disaffection with secular ideologies to increase their influence over society. In recent years, with the Islamic resurgence, the Alawi-dominated Ba'thist regime was compelled to bring the clergy into the political fold. This relationship was exposed in 2011 by the division of the Sunni clergy between regime supporters, bystanders and opponents. This book affords a new perspective on Syrian society as it stands at the crossroads of political and social fragmentation.

The Kurds in Syria

Radwan Ziadeh
The Kurds in Syria Book PDF

Author : Radwan Ziadeh
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Human rights
ISBN : STANFORD:36105132438347

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The Kurds in Syria by Radwan Ziadeh Pdf

Kurds in Syria have been denied basic social, cultural, and political rights, in many cases stemming from the Syrian state's refusal to grant citizenship. Kurdish political opposition in Syria is fractured. Many Kurds reject separatism and have generally been committed to peaceful democratic struggle.

Tania El Khoury's Live Art

Carrie Robbins
Tania El Khoury s Live Art Book PDF

Author : Carrie Robbins
Publisher : Amherst College Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2024-02-06
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781943208623

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Tania El Khoury's Live Art by Carrie Robbins Pdf

Tania El Khoury’s Live Art is the first book to examine the work of Tania El Khoury, a “live” artist deeply engaged in the politics and histories of the South West Asia and North Africa (SWANA) region. Since the 2011 Syrian uprisings, El Khoury has conceived and created works about lived experiences at and across international borders in collaboration with migrants, refugees, and displaced persons as well as other artists, performers, and revolutionaries. All of El Khoury’s works cross borders: between forms of artistic practice, between artists and audiences, and between art and activism. Facilitating critical dialogue about the politics of SWANA and the impact of globalization, her performances and installations also test the boundaries of aesthetic, political, and everyday norms. This interdisciplinary and multimedia reader features essays by artists, curators, and scholars who explore the dynamic possibilities and complexities of El Khoury’s art. From social workers to archeologists to archivists, contributing authors engage with the radical epistemological and political revolutions that El Khoury and her collaborators invite us all to join.

Kuwait and Al-Sabah

Rivka Azoulay
Kuwait and Al Sabah Book PDF

Author : Rivka Azoulay
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2020-07-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781838605070

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Kuwait and Al-Sabah by Rivka Azoulay Pdf

The Emirate of Kuwait hardly resembles the city-State it was at the start of the 20th century. The discovery of oil in 1938 rapidly transformed the tiny tribal sheikhdom of the Al-Sabah into a modern oil-producing state where, by the early 1980s, citizens were enjoying one of the highest standards of living in the world. While much has been written on the reasons why and how the Al-Sabah became a ruling dynasty, little is known about the nature of their authority and its relationship to Kuwait's social structure. Rivka Azoulay shows how despite the rapidity of change in the oil-rich, family-run emirate, it is the pre-oil dynamics of social and political life that dictate how society operates. The author shows that Kuwait's ambitious diversification plans to reduce oil-dependence by 2035 require a renegotiation of the regime's pact with society, which threatens the pre-oil alliances upon which the Al-Sabah's regime has been built.

Syria and Saudi Arabia

Sonoko Sunayama
Syria and Saudi Arabia Book PDF

Author : Sonoko Sunayama
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2007-06-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9780857717252

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Syria and Saudi Arabia by Sonoko Sunayama Pdf

Syrian-Saudi relations have been a paradox in inter-Arab politics during the oil era. Commentators and analysts have questioned why the two states pursued mutually conflicting aims in almost every major regional or international foreign policy issue and often propagated contrasting ideological banners over the past thirty years; while both acting as though some form of an alignment existed between them? Here, Sonoko Sunayama explores the logic behind the paradoxical longevity of this cooperative relationship and argues that what ultimately makes Saudis and Syrians so indispensable to each other is the perception and the historical appeal of 'shared identities', be they Arabism or Islam.

Cycle of Fear

Leon Goldsmith
Cycle of Fear Book PDF

Author : Leon Goldsmith
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2015-05-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781849046107

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Cycle of Fear by Leon Goldsmith Pdf

In early 2011 an elderly Alawite shaykh lamented the long history of oppression and aggression against his people. Against such collective memories the Syrian uprising was viewed by many Alawites, and observers, as a revanchist Sunni Muslim movement and the gravest threat yet to the unorthodox Shi'a sub-sect. This explained why the Alawites largely remained loyal to the Ba'athist regime of Bashar al-Asad. But was Alawite history really a constant tale of oppression and was the Syrian uprising of 2011 really an existential threat to the Alawites? This book surveys Alawite history from the sect's inception in Abbasid Iraq up to the start of the uprising in 2011. The book shows how Alawite identity and political behaviour have been shaped by a cycle of insecurity that has prevented the group from achieving either genuine social integration or long term security. Rather than being the gravest threat yet to the sect, the Syrian uprising, in the context of the Arab Spring, was quite possibly a historic opportunity for the Alawites to finally break free from their cycle of fear.

The Alawis of Syria

Michael Kerr,Craig Larkin
The Alawis of Syria Book PDF

Author : Michael Kerr,Craig Larkin
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015-01-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190613426

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The Alawis of Syria by Michael Kerr,Craig Larkin Pdf

Throughout the turbulent history of the Levant the 'Alawis - a secretive, resilient and ancient Muslim sect - have aroused suspicion and animosity, including accusations of religious heresy. More recently they have been tarred with the brush of political separatism and complicity in the excesses of the Assad regime, claims that have gained greater traction since the onset of the Syrian uprising and subsequent devastating civil war. The contributors to this book provide a complex and nuanced reading of Syria's 'Alawi communities -from loyalist gangs (Shabiha) to outspoken critics of the regime. Drawing upon wide-ranging research that examines the historic, political and social dynamics of the 'Alawi and the Syrian state, the current tensions are scrutinised and fresh insights offered. Among the themes addressed are religious practice, social identities, and relations to the Ba'ath party, the Syrian state and the military apparatus. The analysis also extends to Lebanon with a focus on the embattled 'Alawi community of Jabal Mohsen in Tripoli and state relations with Hizballah amid the current crisis.