Bioweapons

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Barriers to Bioweapons

Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley
Barriers to Bioweapons Book PDF

Author : Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-12-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780801471926

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Barriers to Bioweapons by Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley Pdf

In both the popular imagination and among lawmakers and national security experts, there exists the belief that with sufficient motivation and material resources, states or terrorist groups can produce bioweapons easily, cheaply, and successfully. In Barriers to Bioweapons, Sonia Ben Ouagrham-Gormley challenges this perception by showing that bioweapons development is a difficult, protracted, and expensive endeavor, rarely achieving the expected results whatever the magnitude of investment. Her findings are based on extensive interviews she conducted with former U.S. and Soviet-era bioweapons scientists and on careful analysis of archival data and other historical documents related to various state and terrorist bioweapons programs.Bioweapons development relies on living organisms that are sensitive to their environment and handling conditions, and therefore behave unpredictably. These features place a greater premium on specialized knowledge. Ben Ouagrham-Gormley posits that lack of access to such intellectual capital constitutes the greatest barrier to the making of bioweapons. She integrates theories drawn from economics, the sociology of science, organization, and management with her empirical research. The resulting theoretical framework rests on the idea that the pace and success of a bioweapons development program can be measured by its ability to ensure the creation and transfer of scientific and technical knowledge. The specific organizational, managerial, social, political, and economic conditions necessary for success are difficult to achieve, particularly in covert programs where the need to prevent detection imposes managerial and organizational conditions that conflict with knowledge production.

Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology
Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309465182

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Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology Pdf

Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers to concepts, approaches, and tools that enable the modification or creation of biological organisms, is being pursued overwhelmingly for beneficial purposes ranging from reducing the burden of disease to improving agricultural yields to remediating pollution. Although the contributions synthetic biology can make in these and other areas hold great promise, it is also possible to imagine malicious uses that could threaten U.S. citizens and military personnel. Making informed decisions about how to address such concerns requires a realistic assessment of the capabilities that could be misused. Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology explores and envisions potential misuses of synthetic biology. This report develops a framework to guide an assessment of the security concerns related to advances in synthetic biology, assesses the levels of concern warranted for such advances, and identifies options that could help mitigate those concerns.

Biological Weapons

Jeanne Guillemin
Biological Weapons Book PDF

Author : Jeanne Guillemin
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : History
ISBN : 9780231129435

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Biological Weapons by Jeanne Guillemin Pdf

A timely account of how resources for biological weapons programs were mobilized and why such weapons have never been deployed in major conflicts offers an understanding of the relevance of the historical restraints placed on the use of biological weapons and looks at what can to done to prevent their proliferation in the post-September 11th world.

Bioweapons

Leslie Buteyn
Bioweapons Book PDF

Author : Leslie Buteyn
Publisher : Saddleback Educational Publishing
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-01
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781630783662

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Bioweapons by Leslie Buteyn Pdf

Bioweapons have been used throughout history. They are made from things in nature and are used to kill. Find out about several common germs and how they have been used as bioweapons. Engage your most struggling readers in grades 4-7¾with Red Rhino Nonfiction! This new series features high-interest topics in every content area. Visually appealing full-color photographs and illustrations, fun facts, and short chapters keep emerging readers focused. Written at a 1.5-1.9 readability level, these books include pre-reading comprehension questions and a 20-word glossary for comprehension support.

The Soviet Biological Weapons Program

Milton Leitenberg,Raymond A Zilinskas,Jens H Kuhn
The Soviet Biological Weapons Program Book PDF

Author : Milton Leitenberg,Raymond A Zilinskas,Jens H Kuhn
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 956 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-06-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674065260

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The Soviet Biological Weapons Program by Milton Leitenberg,Raymond A Zilinskas,Jens H Kuhn Pdf

This is the first attempt to understand the full scope of the USSR’s offensive biological weapons research, from inception in the 1920s. Gorbachev tried to end the program, but the U.S. and U.K. never obtained clear evidence that he succeeded, raising the question whether the means for waging biological warfare could be present in Russia today.

Germs

Judith Miller,William J Broad,Stephen Engelberg
Germs Book PDF

Author : Judith Miller,William J Broad,Stephen Engelberg
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2012-02-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781439128152

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Germs by Judith Miller,William J Broad,Stephen Engelberg Pdf

In the wake of the anthrax letters following the attacks on the World Trade Center, Americans have begun to grapple with two difficult truths: that there is no terrorist threat more horrifying -- and less understood -- than germ warfare, and that it would take very little to mount a devastating attack on American soil. In Germs, three veteran reporters draw on top sources inside and outside the U.S. government to lay bare Washington's secret strategies for combating this deadly threat. Featuring an inside look at how germ warfare has been waged throughout history and what form its future might take (and in whose hands), Germs reads like a gripping detective story told by fascinating key figures: American and Soviet medical specialists who once made germ weapons but now fight their spread, FBI agents who track Islamic radicals, the Iraqis who built Saddam Hussein's secret arsenal, spies who travel the world collecting lethal microbes, and scientists who see ominous developments on the horizon. With clear scientific explanations and harrowing insights, Germs is a masterfully written -- and timely -- work of investigative journalism.

Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness

S.J.S. Flora,Vidhu Pachauri
Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness Book PDF

Author : S.J.S. Flora,Vidhu Pachauri
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128120552

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Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness by S.J.S. Flora,Vidhu Pachauri Pdf

Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness provides detailed information on biological warfare agents and their mode of transmission and spread. In addition, it explains methods of detection and medical countermeasures, including vaccine and post-exposure therapeutics, with specific sections detailing diseases, their transmission, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, vaccines, prevention and management. This book is useful reading for researchers and advanced students in toxicology, but it will also prove helpful for medical students, civil administration, medical doctors, first responders and security forces. As the highly unpredictable nature of any event involving biological warfare agents has given rise to the need for the rapid development of accurate detection systems, this book is a timely resource on the topic. Introduces different bacterial and viral agents, including Ebola and other emerging threats and toxins Discusses medical countermeasures, including vaccines and post-exposure therapeutics Includes a comprehensive review of current methods of detection

Pathogens for War

Donald H. Avery
Pathogens for War Book PDF

Author : Donald H. Avery
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781442665019

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Pathogens for War by Donald H. Avery Pdf

Pathogens for War explores how Canada and its allies have attempted to deal with the threat of germ warfare, one of the most fearful weapons of mass destruction, since the Second World War. In addressing this subject, distinguished historian Donald Avery investigates the relationship between bioweapons, poison gas, and nuclear devices, as well as the connection between bioattacks and natural disease pandemics. Avery emphasizes the crucially important activities of Canadian biodefence scientists – beginning with Nobel Laureate Frederick Banting – at both the national level and through cooperative projects within the framework of an elaborate alliance system. Delving into history through a rich collection of declassified documents, Pathogens for War also devotes several chapters to the contemporary challenges of bioterrorism and disease pandemics from both national and international perspectives. As such, readers will not only learn about Canada’s secret involvement with biological warfare, but will also gain new insights into current debates about the peril of bioweapons – one of today’s greatest threats to world peace.

Biohazard

Ken Alibek,Stephen Handelman
Biohazard Book PDF

Author : Ken Alibek,Stephen Handelman
Publisher : Delta
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2014-03-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9780804152655

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Biohazard by Ken Alibek,Stephen Handelman Pdf

“Read and be amazed. . . . An important and fascinating look into a terrifying world of which we were blissfully unaware.”—Robin Cook, author of Contagion Anthrax. Smallpox. Incurable and horrifying Ebola-related fevers. For two decades, while a fearful world prepared for nuclear winter, an elite team of Russian bioweaponeers began to till a new killing field: a bleak tract sown with powerful seeds of mass destruction—by doctors who had committed themselves to creating a biological Armageddon. Biohazard is the never-before-told story of Russia’s darkest, deadliest, and most closely guarded Cold War secret. No one knows more about Russia’s astounding experiments with biowarfare than Ken Alibek. Now the mastermind behind Russia’s germ warfare effort reveals two decades of shocking breakthroughs . . . how Moscow’s leading scientists actually reengineered hazardous microbes to make them even more virulent . . . the secrets behind the discovery of an invisible, untraceable new class of biological agents just right for use in political assassinations . . . the startling story behind Russia’s attempt to turn a sample of the AIDS virus into the ultimate bioweapon. And in a chilling work of real-world intrigue, Biohazard offers us all a rare glimpse into a shadowy scientific underworld where doctors manufacture mass destruction, where witnesses to errors are silenced forever, and where ground zero is closer than we ever dared believe. Praise for Biohazard “Harrowing . . . richly descriptive . . . [an] absorbing account.”—The New York Times Book Review “Remarkable . . . terrifying revelations . . . [Ken Alibek’s] overall message is ignored at great national peril.”—Newsday

Baseless

Nicholson Baker
Baseless Book PDF

Author : Nicholson Baker
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780735215771

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Baseless by Nicholson Baker Pdf

“Staggeringly good.” —Counterpunch A major new work, a hybrid of history, journalism, and memoir, about the modern Freedom of Information Act—FOIA—and the horrifying, decades-old government misdeeds that it is unable to demystify, from one of America's most celebrated writers Eight years ago, while investigating the possibility that the United States had used biological weapons in the Korean War, Nicholson Baker requested a series of Air Force documents from the early 1950s under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act. Years went by, and he got no response. Rather than wait forever, Baker set out to keep a personal journal of what it feels like to try to write about major historical events in a world of pervasive redactions, witheld records, and glacially slow governmental responses. The result is one of the most original and daring works of nonfiction in recent memory, a singular and mesmerizing narrative that tunnels into the history of some of the darkest and most shameful plans and projects of the CIA, the Air Force, and the presidencies of Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower. In his lucid and unassuming style, Baker assembles what he learns, piece by piece, about Project Baseless, a crash Pentagon program begun in the early fifties that aimed to achieve "an Air Force-wide combat capability in biological and chemical warfare at the earliest possible date." Along the way, he unearths stories of balloons carrying crop disease, leaflet bombs filled with feathers, suicidal scientists, leaky centrifuges, paranoid political-warfare tacticians, insane experiments on animals and humans, weaponized ticks, ferocious propaganda battles with China, and cover and deception plans meant to trick the Kremlin into ramping up its germ-warfare program. At the same time, Baker tells the stories of the heroic journalists and lawyers who have devoted their energies to wresting documentary evidence from government repositories, and he shares anecdotes from his daily life in Maine feeding his dogs and watching the morning light gather on the horizon. The result is an astonishing and utterly disarming story about waiting, bureaucracy, the horrors of war, and, above all, the cruel secrets that the United States government seems determined to keep forever from its citizens.

The Arenaviridae

Maria S. Salvato
The Arenaviridae Book PDF

Author : Maria S. Salvato
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461530282

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The Arenaviridae by Maria S. Salvato Pdf

In this volume, a distinguished international group of contributors present the latest molecular, organismal, and epidemiological research on arenaviruses. Their work will broaden both the clinician's and the researcher's knowledge of basic mechanisms of immunological tolerance, viral immunosuppression, the nature of protective immune responses to vaccination, and viral effects on cell functions.

Germ Gambits

Amy Smithson
Germ Gambits Book PDF

Author : Amy Smithson
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2011-07-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780804775533

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Germ Gambits by Amy Smithson Pdf

This book tells the tale of how international inspectors beat incredible odds to unveil Iraq's covert bioweapons program, draws lessons from this experience that should be applied to help arrest future bioweapons programs, places the Iraq bioweapons saga in the context of other manmade biological risks, and makes recommendations to reduce those perils.

Phantom Menace or Looming Danger?

Kathleen M. Vogel
Phantom Menace or Looming Danger Book PDF

Author : Kathleen M. Vogel
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 587 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781421407890

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Phantom Menace or Looming Danger? by Kathleen M. Vogel Pdf

A call for a new way to assess bioweapon threats—recognizing the importance of the sociopolitical context of technological threats. The horrifying terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, and the anthrax strikes that soon followed gave the United States new reason to fear unconventional enemies and atypical weapons. These fears have prompted extensive research, study, and planning within the U.S. military, intelligence, and policy communities regarding potential attacks involving biological weapons. In Phantom Menace or Looming Danger?, Kathleen M. Vogel argues for a major shift in how analysts assess bioweapons threats. She calls for an increased focus on the social and political context in which technological threats are developed. Vogel uses case studies to illustrate her theory: Soviet anthrax weapons development, the Iraqi mobile bioweapons labs, and two synthetic genomic experiments. She concludes with recommendations for analysts and policymakers to integrate sociopolitical analysis with data analysis, thereby making U.S. bioweapon assessments more accurate. Students of security policy will find her innovative framework appealing, her writing style accessible, and the many illustrations helpful. These features also make Phantom Menace or Looming Danger? a must-read for government policymakers and intelligence experts. “This is an engrossing book that exemplifies what STS can bring to broader issues of policymaking in the US and potentially beyond, and it is well worth reading.” —Carla Nappi, New Books in Science, Technology, and Society “Kathleen Vogel has authored one of the most important books written about biological weapons in recent years. . . . Vogel tackles head-on the conventional wisdom regarding the biological weapon (BW) threat, successfully, challenging assumptions that have gone largely unexamined by the broader biodefense community. . . . She also uncovers some deeper organizational and social forces that have shaped US intelligence and threat assessments since the end of international security, not just those with an interest in biodefense or intelligence. This, this book is a must-read for scholars and practitioners in the field of international security, not just those with an interest in biodefense or intelligence.” —Gregory D. Koblentz, Nonproliferation Review “Intriguing, original, and deeply informed. Focusing on potential threats, Vogel shows in engaging historical detail that technical problems are inherently social. She has made an important scholarly contribution to science and technology studies and to studies of intelligence. At the same time, she speaks directly to the policy world. The combination of depth of scholarship and practical implication is remarkable.” —Lynn Eden, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University

Living Weapons

Gregory D. Koblentz
Living Weapons Book PDF

Author : Gregory D. Koblentz
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2011-05-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780801457661

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Living Weapons by Gregory D. Koblentz Pdf

"Biological weapons are widely feared, yet rarely used. Biological weapons were the first weapon prohibited by an international treaty, yet the proliferation of these weapons increased after they were banned in 1972. Biological weapons are frequently called 'the poor man's atomic bomb,' yet they cannot provide the same deterrent capability as nuclear weapons. One of my goals in this book is to explain the underlying principles of these apparent paradoxes."—from Living Weapons Biological weapons are the least well understood of the so-called weapons of mass destruction. Unlike nuclear and chemical weapons, biological weapons are composed of, or derived from, living organisms. In Living Weapons, Gregory D. Koblentz provides a comprehensive analysis of the unique challenges that biological weapons pose for international security. At a time when the United States enjoys overwhelming conventional military superiority, biological weapons have emerged as an attractive means for less powerful states and terrorist groups to wage asymmetric warfare. Koblentz also warns that advances in the life sciences have the potential to heighten the lethality and variety of biological weapons. The considerable overlap between the equipment, materials and knowledge required to develop biological weapons, conduct civilian biomedical research, and develop biological defenses creates a multiuse dilemma that limits the effectiveness of verification, hinders civilian oversight, and complicates threat assessments. Living Weapons draws on the American, Soviet, Russian, South African, and Iraqi biological weapons programs to enhance our understanding of the special challenges posed by these weapons for arms control, deterrence, civilian-military relations, and intelligence. Koblentz also examines the aspirations of terrorist groups to develop these weapons and the obstacles they have faced. Biological weapons, Koblentz argues, will continue to threaten international security until defenses against such weapons are improved, governments can reliably detect biological weapon activities, the proliferation of materials and expertise is limited, and international norms against the possession and use of biological weapons are strengthened.

Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Subcommittee on Zinc Cadmium Sulfide
Toxicologic Assessment of the Army s Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Subcommittee on Zinc Cadmium Sulfide
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1997-05-30
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309174787

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Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Subcommittee on Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Pdf

During the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. Army conducted atmospheric dispersion tests in many American cities using fluorescent particles of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) to develop and verify meteorological models to estimate the dispersal of aerosols. Upon learning of the tests, many citizens and some public health officials in the affected cities raised concerns about the health consequences of the tests. This book assesses the public health effects of the Army's tests, including the toxicity of ZnCdS, the toxicity of surrogate cadmium compounds, the environmental fate of ZnCdS, the extent of public exposures from the dispersion tests, and the risks of such exposures.